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<document id="7416C6DBA6DDDB18D5CE97C36D98156A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214977" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494379731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sh, Hossein Rajaei, Stüning, Dieter &amp; Trusch, Robert" docDate="2012" docId="03A487B45726FF9B72A7A27CF283DB83" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gnopharmia colchidaria subsp. sinesefida Wehrli, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF9DFFCC572CFF977230A44DF034D952" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698310700469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0C54A9D75CC5537736EED59197315945">Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6406DC3F72310A225FBF4DE78AA19C1F">Sh, Hossein Rajaei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="225CA56D9C8CD90A8F28869EA21D5B4E">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BED4387466CB586D6A62CAF31235891C">Trusch, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9BCAFDB1CFE20A5FC03B994FB17D8024">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A487B45726FF9B72A7A27CF283DB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6177434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6177434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487B45726FF9B72A7A27CF283DB83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487B45726FF9B72A7A27CF283DB83" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C31765295726FF9D72A7A27CF1E3DF3E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25726FF9D72A7A27CF329DF18" blockId="10.[151,797,1584,1644]" box="[151,797,1584,1611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0FA81CE5726FF9D72A7A27CF329DF18" bold="true" box="[151,797,1584,1611]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A27CF329DF18" bold="true" box="[151,797,1584,1611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D72A7A27CF295DF18" ID-CoL="3GNDR" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[151,673,1584,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A27CF275DF19" bold="true" box="[151,577,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia colchidaria sinesefida</emphasis>
Wehrli
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57CB5726FF9D709DA27DF329DF18" box="[685,797,1584,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25726FF9D72A7A219F1E3DF3E" blockId="10.[151,797,1584,1644]" box="[151,471,1620,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A275726FF9D72AFA219F110DF3E" box="[159,292,1620,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 – 26. G" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,232,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1882]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 25 – 26. G. colchidaria sinesefida. 25: syntype, male, 26: male from Lorestan (W Iran); FIGURE 27 – 29. G. rubraria. 27: lectotype, male (Israel), 28: paralectotype, female, 29: male from central Turkey. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 25, 26</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13362A275726FF9D7378A219F153DF3E" box="[328,359,1620,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 36" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[229,1341,188,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[209,1378,173,1915]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 36. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 35: G. colchidaria objectaria, lectotype, gen. prep: 679 / 2008 R. Trusch, SEM prep. 10 / 2009 H. R., 36: G. colchidaria sinesefida, syntype, gen. prep: 414 / 2008 H. R. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scales) SEM prep. 20 / 2009 H. R.; d: sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">36</figureCitation>
; Map 1B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295726FF9D72A7A2D1F21CDE5F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25726FF9D72A7A2D1F361DFBD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1691,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C5726FF9D72A7A2D1F361DFBD" infered="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D72A7A2D1F268DFE3" ID-CoL="3GNDR" authority="Wehrli, 1941: 880" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="880" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,604,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A2D1F1BDDFE0" box="[151,393,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia sinesefida</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B35726FF9D73A6A2D6F268DFE3" author="Wehrli" box="[406,604,1691,1713]" page="880" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535726FF9D73A6A2D6F217DFE3" author="Wehrli" box="[406,547,1691,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Wehrli, E. (1941) Einige neue Geometriden. in: Brandt, W. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31, 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 880
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54B688005726FF9D705CA2D1F2FDDFE3" box="[620,713,1692,1713]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
4 3, 2 Ƥ, in coll Brandt, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (examined), 1 3, 1 Ƥ in ZFMK (examined).
<typeStatus id="54B688005726FF9D70BCA2F6F28ADF82" box="[652,702,1723,1744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Fort Sine-Sefid, Süd-Iran,
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325726FF9D761BA2F6F46EDF82" box="[1067,1114,1723,1744]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fars</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D72A7A294F27FDFBD" ID-CoL="3GNDR" authority="Wehrli, 1953: 567" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="567" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,587,1753,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A294F1B7DFBD" box="[151,387,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia sinesefida</emphasis>
: Wehrli, 1953: 567
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B35726FF9D7065A297F365DFBD" author="Parsons" box="[597,849,1753,1775]" page="406" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535726FF9D7065A297F32ADFBD" author="Parsons" box="[597,798,1753,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, H. R., Pitkin, L. M. &amp; Pitkin, R. B. (1999) The catalogue. in: Scoble, M. J., ed. Geometrid Moths of the world: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 1046 pp." type="book" year="1999">Parsons et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 406
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25726FF9D72A7A2B5F21CDE5F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1691,1806]" box="[151,552,1784,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D72A7A2B5F210DE5F" ID-CoL="6KN45" authority="Rajaei, 2010" authorityName="Rajaei" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,548,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A2B5F1A7DE5C" box="[151,403,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia colchidaria</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535726FF9D7391A2B5F210DE5F" author="Rajaei" box="[417,548,1784,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Rajaei, H. (2010) Life-history of Gnopharmia kasrunensis Wehrli, 1939 and G. colchidaria Lederer, 1870 (Geometridae, Ennominae) and their distribution in Iran, with first host-plant records for the genus. Bonn zoological Bulletin, 57 (1), 65 - 73." type="journal article" year="2010">Rajaei, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295726FF9C72A7A376F442D84E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25726FF9C72A7A376F442D84E" blockId="10.[151,1436,1850,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D72A7A376F1F4DE01" bold="true" box="[151,448,1850,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54B688005726FF9D72A7A376F0E6DE01" box="[151,210,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
material examined
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54B688005726FF9D73E3A377F20DDE00" box="[467,569,1850,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
1 3, ‘
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325726FF9D70BAA377F2C3DE00" box="[650,759,1850,1874]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Iran Fars</collectingCountry>
| Straße Chiraz-Kazeroun | Fort Sine-Sefid | ca.
<quantity id="4CF59B475726FF9D770CA377F5A3DE00" box="[1340,1431,1850,1874]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625726FF9D72A7A313F0CDDE24" box="[151,249,1886,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1937-05-04">4.5.1937</date>
| coll. Brandt’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D738BA313F24ADE24" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[443,638,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D738BA313F21FDE24" box="[443,555,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sinesefida</emphasis>
Wehrli
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D70BAA313F3A9DE24" authority="Dr. Wehrli" authorityName="Dr. Wehrli" box="[650,925,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D70BAA313F32DDE24" box="[650,793,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
Dr. Wehrli
</taxonomicName>
, 3 Type’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D7614A312F0E5DEC8" authority="Wehrli, 1941" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D7614A312F574DE24" box="[1060,1344,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. colchidaria sinesefida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535726FF9D7779A313F0E5DEC8" author="Wehrli" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Wehrli, E. (1941) Einige neue Geometriden. in: Brandt, W. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31, 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57CB5726FF9D72EEA3CEF177DEC8" box="[222,323,1923,1946]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
| det. H. R., 2009’; 1 Ƥ, same locality, 2.–
<date id="FFB310625726FF9D7112A3CFF3BEDEC8" box="[802,906,1922,1946]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1937-05-04">4.5.1937</date>
, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D71AFA3CEF457DEC8" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[927,1123,1922,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D71AFA3CEF43BDEC9" box="[927,1039,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sinesefida</emphasis>
Wehrli
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215726FF9D765BA3CEF5A8DEC8" authority="Dr. Wehrli, P" authorityName="Dr. Wehrli, P" box="[1131,1436,1922,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05726FF9D765BA3CEF4CEDEC9" box="[1131,1274,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
Dr. Wehrli, Ƥ
</taxonomicName>
Type’; gen. preps 3 414, Ƥ 413/2008 H. R.; in
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675726FF9D7096A3EBF2C1DEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[678,757,1958,1982]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ZFMK</collectionCode>
.Further topotypical material: 1 3, ‘
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325726FF9D764EA3EBF4D3DEEC" box="[1150,1255,1958,1982]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Iran Fars</collectingCountry>
| Straße Chiraz- Kazeroun | Fort Sine-Sefid | ca.
<quantity id="4CF59B475726FF9D73CEA387F260DEB0" box="[510,596,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625726FF9D7050A387F2E4DEB0" box="[608,720,1994,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1937-04-30">30.4.1937</date>
| coll. Brandt’, Wehrli gen. prep. No. 7405, specimen figured in Seitz Suppl. 4, pl. 47 f (1 Ƥ, figured on the same plate 47f, erroneously depicted with male antennae, collected at:
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C72A7A4F0F0F3D986" box="[151,199,189,212]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C72E5A4F0F13CD986" box="[213,264,189,212]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fars</collectingCountry>
, Strasse Ardekan-Talochosroe Comée,
<quantity id="4CF59B475727FF9C70FDA4F1F313D986" box="[717,807,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625727FF9C7106A4F1F3ABD986" box="[822,927,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1937-07">VII.1937</date>
, coll. Brandt, gen. prep. 899/2009 H. R., in
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE675727FF9C72A7A492F0DED9A5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[151,234,223,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZFMK</collectionCode>
); 1 3, ‘
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C730EA492F19DD9A5" box="[318,425,223,247]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Iran Fars</collectingCountry>
| Straße Chiraz-Kazeroun | Fort Sine-Sefid | ca.
<quantity id="4CF59B475727FF9C71E6A492F41AD9A5" box="[982,1070,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB310625727FF9C760CA492F499D9A5" box="[1084,1197,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1937-04-30">30.4.1937</date>
| coll. Brandt’, SEM preparation no. 20/ 2010 H. R. Additional material studied: 481 3, 330 Ƥ, see appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295727FF9C72F7A56AF5BDDA2D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25727FF9C72F7A56AF5BDDA2D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72F7A56AF16DD812" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
Wings and body (
<figureCitation id="13362A275727FF9C7005A56AF2E7D86D" box="[565,723,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 25 – 26. G" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,232,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1882]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 25 – 26. G. colchidaria sinesefida. 25: syntype, male, 26: male from Lorestan (W Iran); FIGURE 27 – 29. G. rubraria. 27: lectotype, male (Israel), 28: paralectotype, female, 29: male from central Turkey. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214985/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 25 &amp; 26</figureCitation>
). Frons strongly conical, with a separate central protrusion set into a distal depression. Genae antero-ventrally with an acute process. Free apical flagellomeres in male antennae 12. Fore tibia with a rather long, acute spine (fig. 2-d), but length a little variable even in specimens from same locality. Wingspan highly variable:
<quantity id="4CF59B475727FF9C7018A5D9F290D8FE" box="[552,676,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="21.0">21–30 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour of wings varies from light yellowish brown to light sand-coloured and sometimes to dark brown. A majority of specimens has the basal 2/3 of the wings lighter than the broad, dark greyish-brown distal band, reaching from the margin to the postmedial line, but often separated longitudinally into a lighter distal and a darker proximal half by an indistinct submarginal zigzag-line (which may be absent, however). Antemedial, medial and postmedial lines replaced by indistinct grey or brown dots, those on costa not much clearer. Apical patch rarely visible on upperside of forewings, discal dots small, black. Under side also variable, in most specimens with basal 2/3 whitish, with a well contrasting dark brown marginal band, containing a white apical patch; others have the basal part suffused with light brown and the marginal band reduced or almost absent. Discal dots clear, black. Male genitalia and pre-genital abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13362A275727FF9C7647A6F9F4E4DB9E" box="[1143,1232,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 36" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[229,1341,188,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[209,1378,173,1915]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 36. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 35: G. colchidaria objectaria, lectotype, gen. prep: 679 / 2008 R. Trusch, SEM prep. 10 / 2009 H. R., 36: G. colchidaria sinesefida, syntype, gen. prep: 414 / 2008 H. R. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scales) SEM prep. 20 / 2009 H. R.; d: sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus long, slightly curved, with long coecum penis and a small ventral fin; with one, two or three short, proximal subapical spines of different size (the most distal one always the largest or the only one, if the other two are reduced), arranged dorso-laterally as a straight row. Also one short, conical, often strong distal subapical spine present, both groups of spines rather close to each other. A rather large, compound cornutus (two, three or more short spines of different size fused basally) present. Other genitalia characters highly similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7629A725F4E7DAD2" box="[1049,1235,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7629A725F4E7DAD2" box="[1049,1235,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. c. colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see diagnosis).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295727FF9B72F7A7C6F48BDB37" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25727FF9C72F7A7C6F0C4DFB2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72F7A7C6F175DAF6" bold="true" box="[199,321,907,932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
To distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C73C2A7C0F2A9DAF6" box="[498,669,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C73C2A7C0F2A9DAF6" box="[498,669,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. c. sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C70E6A7C0F3A6DAF6" box="[726,914,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C70E6A7C0F3A6DAF6" box="[726,914,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. c. colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see the diagnosis of the nominate subspecies. Both subspecies are geographically well separated (see map 1B), only approaching each other in the north-western part of
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C72D8A798F12DDABE" box="[232,281,981,1004]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Iran</collectingCountry>
. But in many parts of its geographical area of distribution,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C719CA798F461DABE" box="[940,1109,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C719CA798F461DABE" box="[940,1109,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. c. sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs sympatrically with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C77B4A798F12FDD42" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C77B4A798F12FDD42" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. kasrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7368A7B5F1EADD42" box="[344,478,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7368A7B5F1EADD42" box="[344,478,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species have also been collected together with the
<typeStatus id="54B688005727FF9C764FA7B4F49BDD43" box="[1151,1199,1017,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7715A7B5F5A1DD42" box="[1317,1429,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7715A7B5F5A1DD42" box="[1317,1429,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Externally,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C732AA051F14BDD66" box="[282,383,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C732AA051F14BDD66" box="[282,383,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C70A8A051F33CDD66" box="[664,776,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C70A8A051F33CDD66" box="[664,776,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly to specimens with darker ground colour, distinct pattern and clear dark marginal band on under side. Both can be distinguished by the longer unpectinated distal part of the antennae in males (12 segments in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7051A029F2E5DD2E" box="[609,721,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7051A029F2E5DD2E" box="[609,721,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 18 segments in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C71BBA029F3C4DD2E" box="[907,1008,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C71BBA029F3C4DD2E" box="[907,1008,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Males and females of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C76CCA029F555DD2E" box="[1276,1377,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C76CCA029F555DD2E" box="[1276,1377,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a moderately extended frons, rounded distally, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7115A0C5F3A1DDF2" box="[805,917,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7115A0C5F3A1DDF2" box="[805,917,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a strongly extended frons with a round additional process set into a distal depression. To see this clearly, the frons sometimes has to be a least partly descaled.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C72DCA09DF1A4DDBA" box="[236,400,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72DCA09DF1A4DDBA" box="[236,400,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. kasrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by its mostly greyish-white ground colour and the distinct dark grey spots replacing the transverse lines. Moreover, as already described by Wehrli (1953: 567) the proximal margins of the dark marginal bands on the under side of both wings are curving into the tornus and are not, as in other species, continued to the hind margin (but not always). Dark specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C719CA171F404DC06" box="[940,1072,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C719CA171F404DC06" box="[940,1072,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kasrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, may be mistaken as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C72A7A12DF133DC2A" box="[151,263,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72A7A12DF133DC2A" box="[151,263,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as also antennae and shape of frons are the same. Characters of the male genitalia can help to determine the species correctly: males of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C73C9A1C9F26ADCCE" box="[505,606,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C73C9A1C9F26ADCCE" box="[505,606,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a very broad sacculus with tooth-like processes of which the distal one is strongly reduced in size. The dorsal arm of the valva is narrow. The long aedeagus has no ventral fin and the (proximal) subapical spines are arranged in a dense group of longer and shorter ones, diverging from a common base and arising latero-ventrally on right side. Distal subapical spines are absent, the cornutus on vesica is very small (fig. 39-c). In
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C734AA259F1CADF7E" box="[378,510,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C734AA259F1CADF7E" box="[378,510,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kasrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sacculus and dorsal arms are shaped as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C71D6A259F462DF7E" box="[998,1110,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C71D6A259F462DF7E" box="[998,1110,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other species (except
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C72A7A275F0C8DF02" box="[151,252,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72A7A275F0C8DF02" box="[151,252,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">irakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the aedeagus is short and stout, the ventral fin is present, the 2–6 (proximal) subapical spines are of different size, 1–2 very long, curved, the others shorter, decreasing in size, the group arranged dorso-laterally. Distal subapical spines absent, a large compound cornutus present on vesica (fig. 41-c). Genitalia characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C72A7A2E9F133DFEE" box="[151,263,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72A7A2E9F133DFEE" box="[151,263,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see above. Barcoding results indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C70C8A2E9F35CDFEE" box="[760,872,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C70C8A2E9F35CDFEE" box="[760,872,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C7662A2E9F4E7DFEE" box="[1106,1235,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C7662A2E9F4E7DFEE" box="[1106,1235,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(genetic distance 0.22%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25727FF9B72F7A2A6F10CD8DA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,721]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C72F7A2A6F1A2DE56" bold="true" box="[199,406,1771,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535727FF9C73ACA2A1F20DDE56" author="Wehrli" box="[412,569,1772,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Wehrli, E. (1941) Einige neue Geometriden. in: Brandt, W. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31, 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Wehrli (1941)</bibRefCitation>
described this taxon as a separate species, based on a series of five males and three females from “Fort Sine Sefid” (South
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C70F9A35CF2CDDE7A" box="[713,761,1809,1832]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325727FF9C713DA35CF374DE7A" box="[781,832,1809,1832]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fars</collectingCountry>
, vicinity of Mt. Dena, Central Zagros Mts.). He characterized it as “the largest of all
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215727FF9C700CA379F2FFDE1E" box="[572,715,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05727FF9C700CA379F2FFDE1E" box="[572,715,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species” and gave a detailed description of specimens more or less looking like the male
<typeStatus id="54B688005727FF9C73E8A314F21BDE23" box="[472,559,1881,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
figured (fig. 25). More topotypical material in the ZFMK collection (not mentioned by Wehrli, perhaps achieved later) shows, that at the same time also much smaller, but otherwise similar specimens have been collected. Specimens collected later in the year (July, September) at the
<typeStatus id="54B688005727FF9C768FA3ECF4DBDEEB" box="[1215,1263,1953,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality have a quite different appearance and the ample material collected later by other collectors show a wide range of variation in size, ground colour and the presence or absence of dark marginal bands on under side (see figs 25 &amp; 26). Comprehensive studies of a high number of genitalia preparations from different localities revealed that all of these belong to the same taxon. Also results of barcoding studies confirmed this, and they confirmed also that
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B771CA4ADF5A8D9AA" box="[1324,1436,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B771CA4ADF5A8D9AA" box="[1324,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B7344A549F1C1D84E" box="[372,501,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B7344A549F1C1D84E" box="[372,501,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B701EA549F295D84E" box="[558,673,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B701EA549F295D84E" box="[558,673,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">objectaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The high variability may be explained as geographic variations in this huge range of distribution, as seasonal differences or even adaptations to certain habitats (e.g. calcareous rocks), or as a combination of all. But this is speculative at the moment and has to be investigated more thoroughly in the country.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A25720FF9B72F7A5DEF48BDB37" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B72F7A5DEF1D8D8FE" bold="true" box="[199,492,403,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
Larval stages and biology of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B710EA5D9F39AD8FE" box="[830,942,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesefida">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B710EA5D9F39AD8FE" box="[830,942,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sinesefida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535720FF9B76F5A5D9F116D89D" author="Rajaei" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Rajaei, H. (2010) Life-history of Gnopharmia kasrunensis Wehrli, 1939 and G. colchidaria Lederer, 1870 (Geometridae, Ennominae) and their distribution in Iran, with first host-plant records for the genus. Bonn zoological Bulletin, 57 (1), 65 - 73." type="journal article" year="2010">
Rajaei (2010; as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B77B4A5D8F12CD882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B77B4A5D8F12CD882" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. colchidaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Host plant:
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215720FF9B7382A5F4F3BDD89D" box="[434,905,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparia" subGenus="Amygdalus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B7382A5F4F237D882" box="[434,515,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Prunus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B7023A5F5F2BBD882" box="[531,655,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Amygdalus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B7090A5F4F336D882" box="[672,770,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">scoparia</emphasis>
(Rosaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. This subspecies has more than one generation, most probably two, but perhaps even three, judged from collecting data and different appearances at different times. But it was not possible to separate the generations clearly. The earliest record was on the
<date id="FFB310625720FF9B7642A64EF4EFDB48" box="[1138,1243,511,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7th March</date>
(specimens from Hormozgan, South
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325720FF9B7340A665F194DB6D" box="[368,416,552,575]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Iran</collectingCountry>
, altitude
<quantity id="4CF59B475720FF9B7034A66AF27EDB6D" box="[516,586,551,575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
a.s.l.). The majority of the material has been collected during May, June and July, and the latest record is from
<date id="FFB310625720FF9B7021A600F2ADDB37" box="[529,665,586,613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">26th October</date>
(Lar in South
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325720FF9B710CA603F358DB37" box="[828,876,590,613]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Iran</collectingCountry>
, at an altitude of
<quantity id="4CF59B475720FF9B761DA600F440DB37" box="[1069,1140,589,613]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31765295720FF9B72F7A63CF283DB83" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236A25720FF9B72F7A63CF283DB83" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B979EAB05720FF9B72F7A63CF16DDBD8" bold="true" box="[199,345,625,650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
(Map 1). Populations of this subspecies occur nearly in the whole Zagros Mts. in South, West and Northwest
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325720FF9B7324A6DBF170DBFF" box="[276,324,662,685]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Iran</collectingCountry>
, also in the western part of Alborz Mts. in N.
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325720FF9B7163A6DBF3B7DBFF" box="[851,899,662,685]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Iran</collectingCountry>
. The subspecies is observed in a wide range of altitudes from sea level up to about
<quantity id="4CF59B475720FF9B7017A6F4F248DB83" box="[551,636,697,721]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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