331 lines
44 KiB
XML
331 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694209" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C" checkinTime="1583172268754" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Bonis, Louis de, Gardin, Axelle & Blondel, Cécile" docDate="2019" docId="03A487991A67FF97FF0BFE7A6C26FB1E" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.41.15.601-621.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris Schlosser 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="606" masterDocId="FF9DFFE11A60FF9EFFADFF8D6E62FF8E" masterDocTitle="Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France" masterLastPageNumber="621" masterPageNumber="601" pageNumber="606" updateTime="1675702286038" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bonis, Louis de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gardin, Axelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blondel, Cécile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-09-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>41</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>601</mods:start>
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<mods:end>621</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3694209</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703509" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162367535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487991A67FF97FF0BFE7A6C26FB1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487991A67FF97FF0BFE7A6C26FB1E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="606" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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<subSubSection box="[166,741,503,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[166,741,503,562]" box="[166,741,503,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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<heading box="[166,741,503,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[166,741,503,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boriei or curvirostris">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,319,503,530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[360,423,503,530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">boriei</emphasis>
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or
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[460,582,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">curvirostris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[596,733,504,531]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[404,502,536,562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[166,741,503,562]" box="[404,502,536,562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[413,495,536,562]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[132,527,592,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,527,592,617]" box="[132,527,592,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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NEW MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation box="[324,527,593,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">d3-m1 (UP LPL13).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,640,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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DIAGNOSIS. — Large species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[435,564,640,664]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[435,564,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(length of m1 =
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="mm" value="12.75" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="12.0">12 to 13.5 mm</quantity>
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), m1 with slightly open trigonid basin. The very robust p4 and high and spaced premolars seem to be characteristic of the species. Another specimen, smaller but with the same characters, figured under the name
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<emphasis box="[289,474,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Cynodictis leymeriei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[487,600,746,770]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 55-57) could be a female of
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<emphasis box="[267,341,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. boriei</emphasis>
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. The occurrence of
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<emphasis box="[528,602,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. boriei</emphasis>
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in the new collections of the Quercy was indicated in La Plante2 (
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<bibRefCitation author="CIROT E." box="[614,724,799,823]" journalOrPublisher="PhD University of Poitiers (Unpublished)" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" refId="ref17012" refString="CIROT E. 1992. - Etude phylogenetique de quelques genres d'Arctoidea de l'Oligocene eurasiatique. Comparaisons des donnees morphologiques et moleculaires. PhD University of Poitiers (Unpublished)." title="Etude phylogenetique de quelques genres d'Arctoidea de l'Oligocene eurasiatique. Comparaisons des donnees morphologiques et moleculaires" type="book" year="1992">Cirot 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) and definitively in Valbro (
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<bibRefCitation author="Peigne" box="[344,510,826,850]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref18618" refString="PEIGNE S., VIANEY- LIAUD M., PELISSIE T. & SIGE B. 2014. -- Valbro: un nouveau site a vertebres de l'Oligocene inferieur (MP 22) de France (Quercy). I - Contexte geologique; Mammalia: Rodentia, Hyaenodontida, Carnivora. Annales de Paleontologie 100: 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2013.11.002" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Peigné
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<emphasis box="[412,456,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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) from a fragment of an M1. The new specimens do not firmly verify the occurrence of this species in one of the new localities in the Quercy insofar as another species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[158,287,905,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[158,287,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[300,424,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. curvirostris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[437,562,905,929]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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), slightly smaller than
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<emphasis box="[132,210,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. boriei</emphasis>
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, differs in its elongated and constricted lower premolars, and smaller p4 relative to m1 (
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<typeStatus box="[417,505,958,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">holotype</typeStatus>
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, MNHN.F.QU9208;
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 52-54). Two other mandibles (MNHN.F.QU9210 and MNHN.F.QU9216) may be related to the same species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,1078,1296]" box="[132,222,1078,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">REMARK</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,1078,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Filhol, 1874)" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[132,483,1110,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boriei">
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<emphasis box="[132,333,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon boriei</emphasis>
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(Filhol, 1874)
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</taxonomicName>
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was named and later figured (
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[141,265,1142,1168]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 33, 40) as “one of the largest
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[619,726,1142,1168]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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ever found into the phosphate localities“(LdeB translation).
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" firstAuthor="Filhol" page="72" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol 1876: 72</bibRefCitation>
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) chose as
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<typeStatus box="[330,376,1206,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">type</typeStatus>
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a mandible (
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<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[511,634,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref17470" refString="FILHOL H. 1876 - 1877. - Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Etudes des fossiles qu'on y rencontre et specialement des mammiferes. Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences naturelles. Premiere partie, 15 (4): 1 - 220. Deuxieme partie 16 (1): 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1876">Filhol 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 40) with an associated cranium (1876: fig. 34) that is probably from the same individual.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,1333,2030]" box="[132,277,1333,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,1333,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
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The d3 (
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<figureCitation box="[224,308,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[308,322,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,215,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[698,1267,764,1331]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — A, Mustelictis cf. major, right hemi-mandible with p2-p4-m1, UM VD17, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left hemi-mandible with p4-m2, UP LPL12, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Mustelictis aff. olivieri; C, left m1, UP LPL11, in buccal (C1), and lingual (C2) views; D, right m1, UM VBOA3-4, in buccal (D1) view, occlusal (D2) view, and lingual (D3) views; E, right hemi-mandible with d3-d4, UP MGB6, in lingual (E1), and buccal (E2) views; F, Mustelictis olivieri, left mandible with p3-m1, UP MGB8, in buccal (F1), and lingual (F2) views; G, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, right hemi-mandible with p2-p4, UM VD12, in buccal (G1) view, and lingual (G2) views; H, Peignictis pseudamphictis n. gen., n. sp., right hemimandible with m1, UM VD1, in buccal (H1), lingual (H2), and occlusal (H3) views. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694217/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">4</figureCitation>
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, A
|
||
<figureCitation box="[354,366,1365,1392]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[213,1357,217,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[702,1254,751,1313]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Dinailurictis bonali Helbing, 1922: A, right distal humerus UM VBOA3-15 in cranial (A1), and caudal (A2) views; B, piece of right proximal femur, UM VBOA3-16, cranial view; C, left distal ulna, UM VD45, cranial view; D, left lower canine, UM VD46, buccal view; E, H-J, Nimravus intermedius; E, left P4 UP LPL4, in occlusal view; H, right p4 UP LPL5, in buccal (H1), and lingual (H2) views; I, left P4, UP LPL4, in buccal view; J, right m1, UP LPL1711, in buccal (J1), lingual (J2), and occlusal (J3) views; F, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left P4 UM VBO494, in buccal view; G, Pachycynodon cf. dubius? m2, UM VBOA3-9, in occlusal view; K, L, Eusmilus bidentatus, right upper canine, UM VD3, in lingual (K1), and buccal (K2) views; L, right P4, UM VD2, in buccal (L1), and lingual (L2) views; M, Eofelis edwardsi, right upper canine, UM VBO454, in lingual (M1), and buccal (M2) views. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, I, M, 5 mm; E, H, J, K, L, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694219/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is single-cusped but two-rooted; the crown is slightly dissymmetric, the distal part being larger than the mesial one. It is slightly longer than high with a small medial edge (“protostylid”) and a medium high, lingually situated pacd not along the sagittal cristid as is normally the case in premolars; both mesial and distal cristids are sharp and there is a small, flat and slightly upturned talonid around the distal crown (size: 6.3 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[622,716,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[132,775,1333,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1456,217,882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
The d4 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[246,329,1620,1646]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[329,343,1620,1646]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,215,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[698,1267,764,1331]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 4. — A, Mustelictis cf. major, right hemi-mandible with p2-p4-m1, UM VD17, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left hemi-mandible with p4-m2, UP LPL12, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Mustelictis aff. olivieri; C, left m1, UP LPL11, in buccal (C1), and lingual (C2) views; D, right m1, UM VBOA3-4, in buccal (D1) view, occlusal (D2) view, and lingual (D3) views; E, right hemi-mandible with d3-d4, UP MGB6, in lingual (E1), and buccal (E2) views; F, Mustelictis olivieri, left mandible with p3-m1, UP MGB8, in buccal (F1), and lingual (F2) views; G, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, right hemi-mandible with p2-p4, UM VD12, in buccal (G1) view, and lingual (G2) views; H, Peignictis pseudamphictis n. gen., n. sp., right hemimandible with m1, UM VD1, in buccal (H1), lingual (H2), and occlusal (H3) views. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694217/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, A
|
||
<figureCitation box="[374,386,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[213,1357,217,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[702,1254,751,1313]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Dinailurictis bonali Helbing, 1922: A, right distal humerus UM VBOA3-15 in cranial (A1), and caudal (A2) views; B, piece of right proximal femur, UM VBOA3-16, cranial view; C, left distal ulna, UM VD45, cranial view; D, left lower canine, UM VD46, buccal view; E, H-J, Nimravus intermedius; E, left P4 UP LPL4, in occlusal view; H, right p4 UP LPL5, in buccal (H1), and lingual (H2) views; I, left P4, UP LPL4, in buccal view; J, right m1, UP LPL1711, in buccal (J1), lingual (J2), and occlusal (J3) views; F, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left P4 UM VBO494, in buccal view; G, Pachycynodon cf. dubius? m2, UM VBOA3-9, in occlusal view; K, L, Eusmilus bidentatus, right upper canine, UM VD3, in lingual (K1), and buccal (K2) views; L, right P4, UM VD2, in buccal (L1), and lingual (L2) views; M, Eofelis edwardsi, right upper canine, UM VBO454, in lingual (M1), and buccal (M2) views. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, I, M, 5 mm; E, H, J, K, L, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694219/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is thin with a high protoconid that is clearly buccally convex but slightly lingually convex and moderately sloping distally. The very oblique paraconid appears smaller than the metaconid in lingual view; the latter is slightly distally located and has a triangular horizontal section. The metalophid is acute as are the premetaconid and postmetaconid cristid. The lingual face of the metaconid is slightly convex but the mesial and distal ones are almost flat. The talonid basin has a wide and flat bottom. The cristid obliqua joins the buccal part of the base of the protoconid to the moderately high and bucco-lingually compressed hypoconid. The postmetaconid cristid joins the preentoconid cristid without a notch; postentoconid and posthypoconid cristids reach a small hypoconulid distally. A d4 from Valbro was previously described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref18618" refString="PEIGNE S., VIANEY- LIAUD M., PELISSIE T. & SIGE B. 2014. -- Valbro: un nouveau site a vertebres de l'Oligocene inferieur (MP 22) de France (Quercy). I - Contexte geologique; Mammalia: Rodentia, Hyaenodontida, Carnivora. Annales de Paleontologie 100: 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2013.11.002" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Peigné
|
||
<emphasis box="[1403,1456,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is smaller and differs in its less pointed trigonid cuspids, lower protoconid and less transverse paraconid (size: 8 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[920,1003,345,372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,217,882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
The m1 is a germ out of its crypt. Despite a fissure, the crown is very well preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1148,1237,408,435]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1237,1278,409,435]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">1-A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1279,1292,409,435]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The grouped cuspids of the trigonid are massive, with the protoconid slightly higher than the other cuspids and a part of the metaconid slightly visible in buccal view. The disto-lingual face of the metaconid is triangular and flat. The distal faces of both protoconid and metaconid are in almost the same plane, sloping distally at an angle of about 45°. There is a large hypoconid occupying the entire talonid basin and gently sloping to the base of the entocristid, the latter being a series of buds in which it is impossible to distinguish an entoconid (size: 12.3 × 5.8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,217,882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
Judging by the size and morphology, the m1 of the mandible, UP LPL13 could be a small specimen of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1412,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. boriei</emphasis>
|
||
but we cannot exclude, without more complete specimens and knowledge of the premolars, a large
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1362,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">P. curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
SMALL SPECIES AND SUB- SPECIES OF
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Several" authorityName="Several" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1223,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1224,1384,923,943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">PACHYCYNODON</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Several
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa of quite small size (length of m1 between about 7 and
|
||
<quantity box="[879,945,983,1009]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[987,1134,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[987,1134,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described, all from the old collections of the Quercy phosphorites:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1235,1046,1072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1063,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[835,983,1046,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
dubius
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[1078,1221,1046,1072]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref17578" refString="FILHOL H. 1882. - Memoires sur quelques mammiferes fossiles des phosphorites du Quercy. Vialelle et Cie, Toulouse: 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86309" type="book chapter" year="1882">Filhol, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1242,1078,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schlosser, 1888" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[835,1237,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1054,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon filholi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[1061,1237,1078,1104]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref19017" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1888. - Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des europaischen Tertiars und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen aussereuropaischen Verwandten. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients I. Theil 6: 1 - 224. II Theil 7: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1888">Schlosser, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1271,1110,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1083,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1899" box="[835,983,1110,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
vulpinus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[1090,1266,1110,1136]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="95 - 148" refId="ref19076" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1899. - Ueber die Baren und barenanlichen Formen des europaischen Tertiars. Palaeontographica 46 (4): 95 - 148." type="journal article" year="1899">Schlosser, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1233,1142,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1054,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Teilhard" authorityYear="1915" box="[835,983,1142,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenuis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1060,1227,1142,1169]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1277,1174,1201]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Teilhard" authorityYear="1915" box="[835,983,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,983,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1096,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1104,1271,1174,1201]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1392,1205,1233]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1054,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Teilhard" box="[835,983,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenuis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1199,1205,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">amphictoÏde</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1220,1387,1206,1233]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" box="[835,1409,1237,1264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Teilhard, 1915" authorityName="Teilhard" authorityYear="1915" box="[835,1404,1237,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="filholi" variety="amphictina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1054,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon filholi</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1230,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">amphictina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1236,1404,1237,1264]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,1456,918,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[132,775,632,1169]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
All these taxa constitute a homogeneous group in which it is easy to recognize the genus characters but difficult to interpret the tenuous differences between the component species, with size playing a role in the distinctions. The above list of taxa represents almost half of the small
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1308,1456,1397,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1308,1456,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens housed in the MNHN.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1209,1429,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1209,1357,1429,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenuis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[969,1185,1461,1488]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" page="36" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard (1915: 36)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a model for the origin of the group because of its small size, p4 higher than m1 and the thinness of the latter despite the swollen cuspids of the trigonid. Nevertheless we believe that the narrow m1 is due to the small size of the specimen, since other m1s, although larger, have the same or lower breadth/length index of m1. Other features are cited by Teilhard, such as the sharp-edged cuspids, the hollow talonid of m1, the m2 beginning to be rounded and with a distinct paraconid, but these features also are present in other species (see below), more especially as the paraconid is not all that distinct. To this we may add an entoconid that is less enlarged than the hypoconid but high, and a reduced mesial fovea in m2.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1265,1413,1843,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1413,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,876,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[894,1053,1875,1902]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 4, fig. 5), where the tips of the p4 and p3 cuspids are broken off, is characterized by a high and pointed p2 separated from p3 by a short diastema.
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,1035,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[813,962,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenuis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[1051,1186,1971,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">amphictoÏde’</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1205,1366,1971,1998]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. IV, fig. 6) is a poorly preserved hemi-mandible with m1 and alveoli of m2. There is no m3, like in
|
||
<emphasis box="[573,680,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Amphictis</emphasis>
|
||
, but we cannot say anything else with so a poor material.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachycynodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
dubius
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was established on a hemi-mandible from the Quercy phosphorites with p2-m2 and part of the ascending ramus. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[363,538,759,786]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it is principally characterized by a very low m1, even taking into account the wear on the trigonid cuspids, and the diastemata between the premolars. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[347,445,855,881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,496,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[511,603,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
comes, like the other species, from the phosphorites of Quercy. Its size is close to that of
|
||
<emphasis box="[302,398,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
, the m1 is low the premolars have diastemata between them. The p3 and the p2 are smaller than the p4. Comparing a cast of
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,617,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis box="[679,775,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
no significant difference between the specimens can be seen, except that the size difference between p4 and the other premolars is more marked in the former. We believe them to be conspecific, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[481,710,1110,1137]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" page="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard (1915: 39)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with
|
||
<emphasis box="[132,147,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,235,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">dubius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[250,391,1142,1168]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref17578" refString="FILHOL H. 1882. - Memoires sur quelques mammiferes fossiles des phosphorites du Quercy. Vialelle et Cie, Toulouse: 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86309" type="book chapter" year="1882">Filhol, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) having priority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |