452 lines
60 KiB
XML
452 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="0025A47E73864EB38AA17B43A81473BC" ID-CLB-Dataset="22144" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e7bcd4d-1cdb-45cf-b2c3-54da2466f171" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827189" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589468946001" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Herbert, David G." docDate="2017" docId="039F87A56757FF8A4D2BFB7CFB47FE94" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-309.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 309" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Kerkophorus scrobicolus Herbert 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EB0294D6-0D65-432A-9B63-A72299417580" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA6FFDD6747FF9C4F79FFC5FFA2FFF9" masterDocTitle="A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698839690494" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="65EECFB584E3CF7E1C25FA02FA6D5EDD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E087BA35DC3056E1AB8E687A721F7A6">
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<mods:title id="ADA49DE43F63834D21527037DC93599E">A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2D5743046D191A3F21380DB59D616878" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C444C79F96076CC90F036FF0F630306F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A4CE13932809A6C49EEC6EC33133A656">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="151924E1583A38A6654E52E0FF71F89B">Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8CF0A5EC1EA82CABA378F2C7D5049F22">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B8FBE23AA1F097AECF449C2E2D24E9B5">
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<mods:title id="8F7E1BD6BD9116AE03D5E2CABD21EE41">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C59375C039E8F7D9625470D8CDABD993">
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<mods:date id="D4567F55C2D1386962BF394024CC4A73">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="421A1F0637A38D04FD2361177D73342F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A1ECBE938311E8EAB282942403C2FA28">2017-04-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="29C3A1B10013FCA6785E2C936B25F0A8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1A27EB356CAEE4EC645CAFF992ACF6FE">309</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="2EA66F9BDECD6FBAA32FF70F46DAB432">50</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0FCE61C411125FBA330EAC7C9A4E9901">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EC3ACF5E334A1E2987B4479F7D2E6EC" type="CLB-Dataset">22144</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B07B14864DD1E99CBFAB87816C8E9A30" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.309</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0FD2B50781F5AF5B19D554F2C546ABF0" type="GBIF-Dataset">4e7bcd4d-1cdb-45cf-b2c3-54da2466f171</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B4CCB5C4F5E4D17C255B54E4BD39268" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="93ABFFA99887FDAAFEE8DA456778D525" type="Zenodo-Dep">3827189</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E69D0E82A9D7725B20D3CD28B0EE0BB4" type="ZooBank">1E8FE779-D6E7-428E-9538-5E5F8ECFB271</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F87A56757FF8A4D2BFB7CFB47FE94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846862" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB0294D6-0D65-432A-9B63-A72299417580" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87A56757FF8A4D2BFB7CFB47FE94" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8C4D2BFB7CFC40FB2D" box="[594,994,1209,1236]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4D2BFB7CFC40FB2D" blockId="16.[373,1214,1209,1306]" box="[594,994,1209,1236]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0C181DF6757FF8C4D2BFB7CFC40FB2D" box="[594,994,1209,1236]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D306757FF8C4D2BFB7CFC22FB2D" ID-CoL="3R637" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[594,896,1209,1236]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4D2BFB7CFC22FB2D" bold="true" box="[594,896,1209,1236]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6757FF8C4CFEFB7FFC40FB2D" box="[903,994,1210,1236]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8C4E0CFB19FCF8FAE3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4E0CFB19FB1CFB0E" blockId="16.[373,1214,1209,1306]" box="[373,1214,1244,1271]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<uri id="FFA73AB16757FF8C4E0CFB19FB1CFB0E" box="[373,1214,1244,1271]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF900C666757FF8C4DEBFB19FB1CFB0E" box="[658,1214,1244,1271]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EB0294D6-0D65-432A-9B63-A72299417580</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4DA0FAC5FCF8FAE3" blockId="16.[373,1214,1209,1306]" box="[729,858,1279,1306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="130D2A366757FF8C4DA0FAC5FCF8FAE3" box="[729,858,1279,1306]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1932,1958]" captionStartId-3="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-4="21.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[197,1392,911,1908]" captionTargetBox-1="[416,1172,1429,1912]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1396,1117,1887]" captionTargetBox-3="[207,1382,727,1820]" captionTargetBox-4="[265,1323,1094,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[189,1399,898,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[416,1172,1429,1912]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1399,1112,1892]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[189,1399,719,1853]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[265,1323,1094,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionText-0="Fig. 11. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, diameter 15.3 mm (NMSA W4109/T4164). D. Umtamvuna, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 16.4 mm (paratype, NMSA W5258/T4166)." captionText-1="Fig. 12. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., living animal, Mkambati Nature Reserve, E Cape, shell diameter 14.1 mm (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." captionText-2="Fig. 13. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., holotype, radula (NMSA W4109/T4164). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–D = 50 μm." captionText-3="Fig. 14. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164). A. Distal portion of genital tract. B. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions. C. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis. D. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." captionText-4="Fig. 15. Distribution of Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov. (asterisks), Kerkophorus terrestris sp. nov. (circumpuncta), Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov. (pentagons), S. roseosoma gen. et sp. nov. (triangles) and Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov. (squares). Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827215" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827217" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827219" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827223" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3827215/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3827217/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3827219/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3827223/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 11–15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8C4FC4FA84FDB1FA28" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FA84FE94FAA2" blockId="16.[189,310,1345,1371]" box="[189,310,1345,1371]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0C181DF6757FF8C4FC4FA84FE94FAA2" bold="true" box="[189,310,1345,1371]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4FC4FA84FE94FAA2" bold="true" box="[189,310,1345,1371]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FAB5FDB1FA28" blockId="16.[189,1399,1392,1489]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Characterised by its relatively wide umbilicus, tight coiling, lenticular to globose-lenticular profile, weakly angled periphery, smooth protoconch, somewhat glossy surface and uniform colour (no peripheral brown spiral line).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8C4FC4FA3DFE04F99A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4FA3DFEE6F9EB" blockId="16.[189,324,1528,1554]" box="[189,324,1528,1554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0C181DF6757FF8C4FC4FA3DFEE6F9EB" bold="true" box="[189,324,1528,1554]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4FC4FA3DFEE6F9EB" bold="true" box="[189,324,1528,1554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4F9E2FE04F99A" blockId="16.[189,1398,1574,1635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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From the Anglo-Saxon ‘
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4EACF9E3FDB7F9B9" box="[469,533,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">scrob</emphasis>
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’ a shrub and the Latin ‘
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4C5BF9E3FCC2F9B9" box="[802,864,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">colus</emphasis>
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’, dweller, inhabitant; referring to the climbing habit of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65386757FF8D4FC4F94FFD35FCE0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4F94FFE08F95D" blockId="16.[189,426,1674,1700]" box="[189,426,1674,1700]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0C181DF6757FF8C4FC4F94FFE08F95D" bold="true" box="[189,426,1674,1700]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4FC4F94FFE08F95D" bold="true" box="[189,426,1674,1700]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CEE6757FF8C4F93F97CFD8CF8C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2618815306" collectingDate="2005-11-01" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="A. Moussalli & D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="71" latitude="-31.31374" location="Mkambati Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.96914" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="NMSA W4109/T4164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4F93F97CFEFEF92A" blockId="16.[189,1398,1721,1854]" box="[234,348,1721,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4F93F97CFEFEF92A" bold="true" box="[234,348,1721,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="548D88116757FF8C4F93F97CFEFEF92A" box="[234,348,1721,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4FC4F919FD8CF8C7" blockId="16.[189,1398,1721,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<collectingCountry id="F32176236757FF8C4FC4F919FE34F90F" box="[189,406,1756,1782]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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: E
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<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516757FF8C4EC5F919FE59F90F" box="[444,507,1756,1782]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EE960686757FF8C4D70F919FCE1F90E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87A56757FF8A4D2BFB7CFB47FE94:8EE960686757FF8C4D70F919FCE1F90E" box="[521,835,1756,1783]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.31374" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.96914" name="Mkambati Nature Reserve" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Cape">Mkambati Nature Reserve</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746757FF8C4C29F919FC47F90F" box="[848,997,1756,1782]" degrees="31.31374" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-31.31374">31.31374° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746757FF8C4C8AF919FB2BF90E" box="[1011,1161,1756,1783]" degrees="29.96914" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="29.96914">29.96914° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566757FF8C4BEEF919FB74F90E" box="[1175,1238,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="71.0">
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<elevation id="001BD1806757FF8C4BEEF919FB74F90E" box="[1175,1238,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, coastal dune forest, on understorey foliage,
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<collectorName id="26C353656757FF8C4D59F8C5FD14F8E0" box="[544,694,1791,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
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||
and
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||
<collectorName id="26C353656757FF8C4D94F8C5FC2FF8E3" box="[749,909,1792,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
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||
leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736757FF8C4CB4F8C5FBF9F8E3" box="[973,1115,1791,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2005-11-01">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE99B6757FF8C4CB4F8C5FBF9F8E3" box="[973,1115,1791,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2005-11-01">1 Nov. 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
(
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<specimenCode id="DB909EC86757FF8C4B10F8C5FAD0F8E0" box="[1129,1394,1791,1818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMSA W4109/T4164</specimenCode>
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, dry shell with body in ethanol).
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8C4F93F8A1FDCFF886" blockId="16.[189,1399,1892,2025]" box="[234,621,1892,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16757FF8C4F93F8A1FEC5F887" bold="true" box="[234,359,1892,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88116757FF8C4F93F8A1FEC5F887" box="[234,359,1892,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(listed north to south)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36757FF8D4FC4F84DFB56FDC6" blockId="16.[189,1399,1892,2025]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,267,576]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32176236757FF8C4FC4F84DFE03F85B" box="[189,417,1928,1954]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516757FF8C4EC1F842FDD7F858" box="[440,629,1927,1953]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, Beacon Hill,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746757FF8C4BBAF842FAD3F85B" box="[1219,1393,1927,1954]" degrees="31.001459" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-31.00146">31.001459° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746757FF8C4FC4F86FFEC2F83C" box="[189,352,1962,1989]" degrees="30.168292" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="30.168291">30.168292° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, M. Bursey leg.,
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<date id="FF8810736757FF8C4D5EF86EFD66F83D" box="[551,708,1962,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006-12-10">10 Dec. 2006</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766757FF8C4DABF86EFCB0F83C" box="[722,786,1963,1989]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ELM</collectionCode>
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W3150/T157, two dry shells with bodies in ethanol, three whole juvenile specimens in ethanol); Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, below Clearwater Camp,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4FC4FECEFEF3FEDC" box="[189,337,267,293]" degrees="31.04361" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-31.04361">31.04361° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4E27FECEFE56FEDF" box="[350,500,267,294]" degrees="30.16806" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="30.16806">30.16806° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566756FF8D4D78FECEFDECFEDF" box="[513,590,267,294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="205.0">205 m</quantity>
|
||
, riverine forest in gorge on E bank of river, under leaves, M. Bursey leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4F8EFEEAFE24FEB1" box="[247,390,302,329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-12-09">9 Dec. 2006</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4EECFEEAFE48FEB0" box="[405,490,303,329]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
W5258/T4166, two dry shells with bodies in ethanol). — E
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516756FF8D4BCBFEEAFB51FEB0" box="[1202,1267,303,329]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mkambati Nature Reserve, ‘Super Bowl’ forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4D09FE97FCB3FE95" box="[624,785,338,364]" degrees="31.297840" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-31.29784">31.297840° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4C65FE97FC1DFE95" box="[796,959,338,364]" degrees="29.929333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="29.929333">29.929333° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, M. Bursey and V. Ndibo leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4A58FE97FF5AFE69" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2005-10-18">18 Oct. 2005</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4E72FEB0FEE9FE76" box="[267,331,373,399]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ELM</collectionCode>
|
||
W2870/T156, two dry shells and one juvenile specimen in ethanol); Mkambati Nature Reserve, ‘Super Bowl’ forest at junction of Msikaba and KwaDlambu Rivers,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4B21FE5DFB7FFE4B" box="[1112,1245,408,434]" degrees="31.2979" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-31.2979">31.2979° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4B93FE5DFAD3FE4A" box="[1258,1393,408,435]" degrees="29.9294" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="29.9294">29.9294° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566756FF8D4FC4FE7EFEABFE2F" box="[189,265,443,470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, indigenous forest, under leaves of understorey vegetation, D. Herbert leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4BFAFE7EFAB0FE2C" box="[1155,1298,443,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2001-03-05">5 Mar. 2001</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4A58FE7EFAD4FE2C" box="[1313,1398,443,469]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
V8911/T4163, two dry shells with one body in ethanol); Mkambati Nature Reserve, ‘Super Bowl’ forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4FC4FDC7FEF3FDE5" box="[189,337,514,540]" degrees="31.29892" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-31.29892">31.29892° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4E26FDC7FE57FDE5" box="[351,501,514,540]" degrees="29.92872" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="29.92872">29.92872° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566756FF8D4D7AFDC7FDF2FDE5" box="[515,592,514,540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="208.0">208 m</quantity>
|
||
, coastal indigenous forest, on understorey foliage, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4EE6FDE0FD92FDB9" box="[415,560,549,576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2005-11-01">1 Nov. 2005</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4D47FDE0FD31FDC6" box="[574,659,549,575]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
W4111/T4165, one dry shell with body in ethanol).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36756FF8D4FC4FDA3FEDBFD79" blockId="17.[189,377,614,640]" box="[189,377,614,640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181DF6756FF8D4FC4FDA3FEDBFD79" bold="true" box="[189,377,614,640]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16756FF8D4FC4FDA3FEDBFD79" bold="true" box="[189,377,614,640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36756FF8D4FC4FD50FD35FCE0" blockId="17.[189,1399,661,793]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32176236756FF8D4FC4FD50FE31FD56" box="[189,403,661,687]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: E
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516756FF8D4ECDFD50FE52FD56" box="[436,496,661,687]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mkambati Nature Reserve, Horseshoe Falls on Mkambati River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4B97FD50FAD3FD56" box="[1262,1393,661,687]" degrees="31.2673" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-31.2673">31.2673° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4FC4FD7DFEE4FD2A" box="[189,326,696,723]" degrees="30.0121" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="30.0121">30.0121° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566756FF8D4E2FFD7DFE35FD2A" box="[342,407,696,723]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
|
||
, forest on N bank below falls, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4B02FD7DFAADFD2B" box="[1147,1295,696,723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2001-03-06">6 Mar. 2001</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4A5AFD7DFAD4FD2B" box="[1315,1398,696,722]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
V9006); Mkambati Nature Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4D02FD1EFCB1FD0C" box="[635,787,731,758]" degrees="31.29599" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-31.29599">31.29599° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746756FF8D4C5DFD1EFC1FFD0F" box="[804,957,731,758]" degrees="29.92570" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="29.9257">29.92570° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566756FF8D4CB7FD1EFBBFFD0F" box="[974,1053,731,758]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="156.0">156 m</quantity>
|
||
, forest, Earthwatch ‘Hidden Species’,
|
||
<date id="FF8810736756FF8D4E56FD3AFE66FCE0" box="[303,452,767,793]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2008-01-31">31 Jan. 2008</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766756FF8D4EACFD3AFD8AFCE0" box="[469,552,767,793]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
W6342).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF49663B6756FF8D4FC4F869FB1BF813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827215/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[197,1392,911,1908]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36756FF8D4FC4F869FB1BF813" blockId="17.[189,1399,1964,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16756FF8D4FC4F869FEBAF83F" bold="true" box="[189,280,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306756FF8D4E59F869FDE5F83F" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[288,583,1964,1990]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16756FF8D4E59F869FDE5F83F" box="[288,583,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6756FF8D4D36F868FD08F83E" box="[591,682,1965,1991]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16756FF8D4DCBF869FD49F83F" bold="true" box="[690,747,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype, diameter 15.3 mm (NMSA W4109/T4164).
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16756FF8D4FC4F815FF70F813" bold="true" box="[189,210,2000,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Umtamvuna, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 16.4 mm (paratype, NMSA W5258/T4166).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386755FF8F4FC4FECEFD4DFC8E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8E4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" blockId="18.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181DF6755FF8E4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16755FF8E4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8E4FC4FEFFFDC1FD97" blockId="18.[189,1399,313,622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
SHELL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366755FF8E4E6BFEFCFEC7FEAD" box="[274,357,313,340]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[197,1392,911,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[189,1399,898,1921]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 11. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, diameter 15.3 mm (NMSA W4109/T4164). D. Umtamvuna, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 16.4 mm (paratype, NMSA W5258/T4166)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827215/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lenticular to globose-lenticular, spire remaining relatively prominent; periphery at midwhorl, weakly angled; H:D 0.66–0.69 (N=4); suture shallowly indented, inserting just above periphery; thin, translucent, uniformly pale buff to pale honey-coloured; surface glossy but with a slight silky sheen. Protoconch diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566755FF8E4D71FE66FD10FE47" box="[520,690,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.865" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.865" valueMax="1.93" valueMin="1.8">1.80–1.93 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=4); junction with teleoconch weakly marked; essentially smooth with only traces of microspiral sculpture. Teleoconch of up to 4.25 whorls; coiling relatively tight, whorls not expanding rapidly; sculptured by weak growth-lines and exceptionally fine and closeset, microscopic spiral lines. Umbilicus open and relatively wide. Aperture obliquely lunate, upper portion of columella lip reflected and partially obscuring umbilicus. Diameter up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566755FF8E4BE8FDF5FB5FFDB3" box="[1169,1277,560,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D88116755FF8E4A71FDF5FAD0FDB3" box="[1288,1394,560,586]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566755FF8E4E52FD96FE35FD97" box="[299,407,595,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="15.3">15.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566755FF8E4E8AFD96FDFCFD97" box="[499,606,595,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8E4FC4FD50FB35FCA7" blockId="18.[189,1399,660,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
LIVING ANIMAL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366755FF8E4E05FD51FE75FD56" box="[380,471,660,687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[416,1172,1429,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[416,1172,1429,1912]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 12. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., living animal, Mkambati Nature Reserve, E Cape, shell diameter 14.1 mm (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827217/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head-foot fawn-brown, optic tentacles and their retractor muscles slightly darker; body lobes of mantle of similar coloration to body; shell lobes well developed, slender and elongate; caudal appendage dark grey. Lining of pulmonary cavity variously speckled with irregular black and cream pigment spots and blotches; a large, more diffuse dark blotch lies just above and behind pneumostome; mantle margin beneath outer lip of shell bordered by a narrow cream line, broader above pneumostome. Spire viscera darker brown, with scattered irregular cream markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8E4FC4FC43FAD5FBA9" blockId="18.[189,1399,902,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
RADULA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366755FF8E4E51FC43FEDFFC59" box="[296,381,902,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1932,1958]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,1117,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1399,1112,1892]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 13. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., holotype, radula (NMSA W4109/T4164). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–D = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827219/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Formula R+13+(1–2)+(130–140); rachidian tricuspid, mesocone broad and ectocones relatively small; anterior margin of shaft base not indented in mid-line; laterals essentially bicuspid with a mesocone and strong basal ectocone, but also with a minute endocone on side of mesocone; laterals followed by 1–2 teeth of intermediate shape and then a very long series of marginals; marginals stout and strongly curved, terminally bicuspid, with additional irregular serrations on outer edge of shaft; marginals progressively decreasing in size toward edge of radula, but otherwise morphologically similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8F4FC4FBBDFE69FDC6" blockId="18.[189,1399,1143,1381]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,267,575]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
DISTAL GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366755FF8E4EEBFBB2FE47FB68" box="[402,485,1143,1170]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[207,1382,727,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1399,719,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164). A. Distal portion of genital tract. B. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions. C. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis. D. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Penis encased in thin sheath and with a distinct S-shaped bend or kink in basal half; retractor muscle attached to penis apex. Interior of penis lacking a distinct verge, but with a constriction at approximately one-third of its length from base; lumen below constriction with low longitudinal folds bearing minute, close-set, transverse wrinkles; lumen above constriction with smooth longitudinal folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366755FF8E4E81FAC1FDC0FAE7" box="[504,610,1284,1310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[207,1382,727,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1399,719,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164). A. Distal portion of genital tract. B. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions. C. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis. D. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epiphallus very short; caecum cylindrical, approximately equal to epiphallus in length, hollow, lined with widely spaced, interrupted longitudinal ridges; caecum arising very close to penis apex and retractor muscle. Flagellum stout and relatively short, comprising 1–2 whorls, f1 with distinct transverse internal structure, broadest in mid-region and tapering distally; f2 slender, straight in some specimens, slightly twisted in others, and with a central tube-like core that extends into (beneath) f1; junction of epiphallus and flagellum, at insertion of vas deferens, with opaque white contents; vas deferens simple and slender. Genital atrium swollen, internal wall with a welldeveloped stimulator projecting into atrial lumen, below opening of vagina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366754FF8F4B4CFE5DFB02FE4B" box="[1077,1184,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[207,1382,727,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1399,719,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164). A. Distal portion of genital tract. B. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions. C. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis. D. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
); stimulator rolled to form an open tube; remainder of atrial wall with numerous, close-set, longitudinal folds; vagina relatively short; gametolytic sac almost spherical and thin-walled, its duct of moderate length; base of free oviduct swollen, dark brown to black in fresh material; spermoviduct divided into distinct prostatic and oviductal portions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF49663B6755FF8E4FC4F868FC85F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827217/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[416,1172,1429,1912]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36755FF8E4FC4F868FC85F812" blockId="18.[189,1398,1965,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16755FF8E4FC4F868FEBFF83E" bold="true" box="[189,285,1965,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306755FF8E4E50F868FDF1F83E" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[297,595,1965,1991]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16755FF8E4E50F868FDF1F83E" box="[297,595,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6755FF8E4D26F86BFD62F831" box="[607,704,1966,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, living animal, Mkambati Nature Reserve, E Cape, shell diameter 14.1 mm (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36754FF8F4FC4FDA3FD4DFC8E" blockId="19.[189,1399,614,887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
SPERMATOPHORE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366754FF8F4EF8FDA3FE4FFD79" box="[385,493,614,641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[207,1382,727,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1399,719,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164). A. Distal portion of genital tract. B. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions. C. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis. D. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elbowed, with a crescent-shaped capsule and a bifid tail comprising a short, relatively stout and elaborately spinose element of approx. 1.25 whorls and a long, slender, spineless element that splits off the spinose element shortly after is origin from capsule; proximal portion of spinose element with a row of spines on each side, rows converging distally and ending as a single row of progressively smaller, less elaborate spines that continue to tip; larger spines flabellate and very finely divided (plumose), terminal branches deeply V-shaped, with curved, pointed tips. Slender element has a loose coil of approx. one whorl close to its base, but otherwise straight for much of its length. Coiled length of entire spermatophore approx. 9.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386754FF8F4FC4FC5BFAD3FBF3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36754FF8F4FC4FC5BFE66FC40" blockId="19.[189,452,926,953]" box="[189,452,926,953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4FC4FC5BFEF4FC41" bold="true" box="[189,342,926,952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A366754FF8F4E1FFC5BFE19FC40" box="[358,443,926,953]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,1094,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[265,1323,1094,1882]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 15. Distribution of Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov. (asterisks), Kerkophorus terrestris sp. nov. (circumpuncta), Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov. (pentagons), S. roseosoma gen. et sp. nov. (triangles) and Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov. (squares). Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827223/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36754FF8F4FC4FC08FAD3FBF3" blockId="19.[189,1399,973,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
A narrow-range endemic, known only from the coastal hinterland in the extreme south of KwaZulu- Natal and the north-eastern E
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516754FF8F4D65FC35FDFAFBF3" box="[540,600,1008,1034]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Pondoland); at altitudes between
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566754FF8F4C88FC35FB8EFBF3" box="[1009,1068,1008,1034]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566754FF8F4B1CFC35FB0DFBF3" box="[1125,1199,1008,1034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="210.0">210 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF49663B6754FF8F4FC4F849FC9DF817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827219/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1932,1958]" targetBox="[192,1396,1117,1887]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36754FF8F4FC4F849FC9DF817" blockId="19.[189,1398,1932,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4FC4F849FEB8F85E" bold="true" box="[189,282,1932,1959]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306754FF8F4E58F848FDEAF85E" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[289,584,1933,1959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4E58F848FDEAF85E" box="[289,584,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6754FF8F4D29F848FD0CF85E" box="[592,686,1933,1959]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, radula (NMSA W4109/T4164).
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4BD0F849FB1CF85F" bold="true" box="[1193,1214,1932,1958]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Rachidian and left lateral teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4EF2F875FE3DF833" bold="true" box="[395,415,1968,1994]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4CF8F875FC34F833" bold="true" box="[897,918,1968,1994]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Inner left marginal teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16754FF8F4BA5F875FB53F833" bold="true" box="[1244,1265,1968,1994]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–D = 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386753FF884FC4FECEFD11FE8F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36753FF884FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" blockId="20.[189,285,267,293]" box="[189,285,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181DF6753FF884FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,285,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,285,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36753FF884FC4FEFCFD11FE8F" blockId="20.[189,1398,313,375]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Northern Coastal Forest and Scarp Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426753FF884DAAFEFCFB8FFEAD" author="Mucina L. & Rutherford M. C." box="[723,1069,313,340]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref24274" refString="Mucina L. & Rutherford M. C. (eds) 2006. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." type="book" year="2006">Mucina & Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); on leaves of understorey vegetation during the wet summer months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386753FF894FC4FE5BFD87FCF4" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36753FF884FC4FE5BFE8DFE41" blockId="20.[189,303,414,440]" box="[189,303,414,440]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181DF6753FF884FC4FE5BFE8DFE41" bold="true" box="[189,303,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884FC4FE5BFE8DFE41" bold="true" box="[189,303,414,440]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36753FF884FC4FE08FAE4FD8D" blockId="20.[189,1399,460,628]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884FC4FE08FE40FE1E" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,482,461,487]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884FC4FE08FE40FE1E" box="[189,482,461,487]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6753FF884E90FE08FDE0FE1E" box="[489,578,461,487]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884DBAFE08FC5DFE1E" authority="(Connolly, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[707,1023,460,487]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884DBAFE08FC8DFE1F" box="[707,815,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426753FF884C44FE09FC54FE1E" author="Connolly M." box="[829,1014,460,487]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but lacks the marked peripheral angulation characteristic of that species. Neither does it possess the peripheral brown spiral line usually present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884E40FDD1FE0AFDD4" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[313,424,532,557]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884E40FDD1FE0AFDD4" box="[313,424,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the latter the umbilicus is also narrower and more extensively obscured by the reflected columella lip. In addition, although relatively few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884B3BFDF2FB48FDA9" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1090,1258,566,592]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884B3BFDF2FB48FDA9" box="[1090,1258,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6753FF884B88FDF2FAEEFDA8" box="[1265,1356,567,593]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are available, it appears that it does not attain as large a size as does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884CCAFD9FFB82FD8A" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[947,1056,602,627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884CCAFD9FFB82FD8A" box="[947,1056,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(diameter up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566753FF884B9BFD9CFA9BFD8D" box="[1250,1337,601,628]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF49663B6753FF884FC4F8A2FAC7F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827221" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827221/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[207,1382,727,1820]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36753FF884FC4F8A2FAC7F812" blockId="20.[189,1399,1895,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884FC4F8A2FEB5F878" bold="true" box="[189,279,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306753FF884E65F8A2FDE2F878" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,576,1895,1921]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884E65F8A2FDE2F878" box="[284,576,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6753FF884D3FF8A2FD03F878" box="[582,673,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, genitalia and spermatophore.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884C86F8A2FB9AF878" bold="true" box="[1023,1080,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype (NMSA W4109/ T4164).
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884E5FF84FFE99F85D" bold="true" box="[294,315,1930,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal portion of genital tract.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884DBBF84FFD74F85D" bold="true" box="[706,726,1930,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Dissection of penis showing difference in structure of lumen wall between apical and basal portions.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884D98F868FD54F83E" bold="true" box="[737,758,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath to show atrial stimulator and kinked penis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16753FF884D2DF814FDCBF812" bold="true" box="[596,617,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Spermatophore with bifid tail (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36752FF894FC4FECEFEB9FE01" blockId="21.[189,1399,267,504]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The anatomy of the distal genitalia of the two species exhibits no obvious differences and, judging by one damaged example, the spermatophore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894DDDFEEAFCB0FEB1" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[676,786,303,328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894DDDFEEAFCB0FEB1" box="[676,786,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a bifid tail and is of similar morphology to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894E76FE96FE15FE95" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[271,439,338,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894E76FE96FE15FE95" box="[271,439,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6752FF894EC6FE97FDBBFE95" box="[447,537,338,364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This is a feature that I have not observed in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894BA4FE97FAD4FE95" baseAuthorityName="Herbert" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1245,1398,338,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894BA4FE97FAD4FE95" box="[1245,1398,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kerkophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which spermatophores are available and it may be a synapomorphy indicative of a sister-species relationship. Spermatophores with bifid tails also occur in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894B68FE5DFB06FE4B" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1912" box="[1041,1188,408,434]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Microkerkus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894B68FE5DFB06FE4B" box="[1041,1188,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microkerkus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in these the spinose limb is much less elaborate, and the morphology of their distal reproductive tract is clearly distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36752FF894FC4FDE5FD87FCF4" blockId="21.[189,1399,544,782]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894F83FDE4FEC7FDC3" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[250,357,545,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894F83FDE4FEC7FDC3" box="[250,357,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894EE1FDE4FD9FFDC3" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[408,573,544,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894EE1FDE4FD9FFDC3" box="[408,573,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6752FF894D3BFDE5FD38FDC3" box="[578,666,544,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are restricted to forests in close proximity to the coast and, based on existing records, the ranges of the two do not overlap.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894C23FD81FC65FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Connolly" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[858,967,580,605]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="puzeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894C23FD81FC65FDA4" box="[858,967,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. puzeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs to the south of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894BB6FD81FAD4FDA4" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1231,1398,579,605]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894BB6FD81FAD4FDA4" box="[1231,1398,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K. scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6752FF894FC4FDA2FEB8FD78" box="[189,282,615,641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ranging from Mbotyi to the Mazeppa Bay area. The interval between the ranges of the two species is only approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566752FF894D54FD4CFDDFFD5A" box="[557,637,649,676]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
, but this largely comprises a hinterland of grassland with high coastal cliffs (Waterfall Bluff), which may have limited the potential for genetic exchange, particularly during glacial periods when the extent of coastal forest cover would have been more restricted compared to warmer interglacial periods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C65386752FF8A4FC4FCF1FB47FE94" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36752FF894FC4FCF1FEC7FCB7" blockId="21.[189,357,820,846]" box="[189,357,820,846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181DF6752FF894FC4FCF1FEC7FCB7" bold="true" box="[189,357,820,846]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894FC4FCF1FEC7FCB7" bold="true" box="[189,357,820,846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936B36752FF8A4FC4FCA6FB47FE94" blockId="21.[189,1399,867,1034]" lastBlockId="22.[189,1398,267,366]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Given that the total known range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306752FF894D09FCA6FC3AFC84" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[624,920,867,893]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16752FF894D09FCA6FC3AFC84" box="[624,920,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kerkophorus scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6752FF894CD8FCA1FC5FFC87" box="[929,1021,868,894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
extends for a linear distance of only ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B566752FF894E6DFC43FEC1FC59" box="[276,355,902,928]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
, the species must be considered one of conservation concern. In general, the forests in this region are threatened by a number of activities including on-going coastal development, smallscale agriculture, alien plant invasion, subsistence harvesting of forest products and the incursion of livestock. Those close to the coast are also threatened by dune mining for heavy metals. However, the two localities at which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306751FF8A4EA1FEC9FD21FEDC" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[472,643,267,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobicolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAA16751FF8A4EA1FEC9FD21FEDC" box="[472,643,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">K. scrobicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6751FF8A4DF4FEC9FD48FEDF" box="[653,746,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has been found are formally conserved areas, namely Umtamvuna and Mkambati nature reserves. Thus, provided that conservation protocols are maintained in these reserves, the populations at these localities will be afforded a degree of protection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |