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<mods:title id="64C61475327C31CD78E7CDC939EABB4D">The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="60960922366F3943F182383CCB08BD61">Summers, Mindi M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A87A9D3F0B56111549E3EECE475C7613">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6009093" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6009093" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB3A16DFF66D8E510D7FBD2" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF66D8E511CFFC33" blockId="13.[151,496,980,1039]" box="[151,496,980,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="D0C0D90AFFB3A16DFF66D8E511CFFC33" bold="true" box="[151,496,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF66D8E511CFFC33" bold="true" box="[151,496,980,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFF66D8E5111CFC33" box="[151,291,980,1006]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF66D8E5111CFC33" bold="true" box="[151,291,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH Clark, 1909
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF66D8C710D7FBD2" blockId="13.[151,496,980,1039]" box="[151,232,1014,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<tableCitation id="C6B55BDDFFB3A16DFF66D8C710D7FBD2" box="[151,232,1014,1039]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,197,537,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of genera of Comatulidae." pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB3A16DFF66DF0F1284FB42" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF66DF0F12D7FB8A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1086,1867]" box="[151,744,1086,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF66DF0F110DFB8A" bold="true" box="[151,306,1086,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFEC9DF0E12DBFB8A" authority="Muller, 1840" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1840" box="[312,740,1086,1111]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFEC9DF0E1277FB8B" box="[312,584,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia echinoptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB3A16DFDBEDF0F12DBFB8A" author="Muller" box="[591,740,1086,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Muller, J. (1840) Uber den Bau des Pentacrinus Caput Medusae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 307 - 318." type="journal article" year="1840">Müller, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF36DF531284FB42" blockId="13.[151,1436,1086,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF36DF5311C9FBA6" bold="true" box="[199,502,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Other included taxa (3).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFDF2DF5213C7FBA6" authority="L. Agassiz, 1865" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[515,1016,1122,1147]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFDF2DF521320FBA6" box="[515,799,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB3A16DFCDDDF5213C7FBA6" author="Agassiz" box="[812,1016,1122,1147]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) Crinoids. In: Agassiz, E. C. &amp; Agassiz, A. (Eds.), Sea-side studies in natural history. Marine Animals of Massachusetts Bay. Radiates. Ticknor &amp; Fields, Boston, pp. 120 - 122." type="book chapter" year="1865">L. Agassiz, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFBFBDF521100FB42" authority="Messing, 1978" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="1978" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="meridionalis" subSpecies="hartlaubi">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFBFBDF5215A3FBA6" box="[1034,1436,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia meridionalis hartlaubi</emphasis>
Messing, 1978
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFEBBDFB61288FB42" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[330,695,1158,1183]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFEBBDFB61238FB43" box="[330,519,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
Messing, 2003
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB3A16DFF36DF9B130AFA8E" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF36DF9B130AFA8E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1086,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF36DF9B117EFB1E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1194,1219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mouth excentric in fully developed individuals; ten arms only, with anterior arms usually longer than posterior; centrodorsal circular, small and thin with cirri always present; IBr2 series united by synarthry; first syzygy at 3+4 on arms arising from IBr; distal intersyzygial interval irregular, 210; comb teeth either confluent, with tip truncated or notched and not tapering distally (
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFCF0DE26142FFAF3" box="[769,1040,1302,1326]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFCF0DE26142FFAF3" box="[769,1040,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia echinoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or nonconfluent and tapering to a blunt or sharp point (
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFE72DE0A12A5FA8E" box="[387,666,1339,1363]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFE72DE0A12A5FA8E" box="[387,666,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFD20DE0A131BFA8F" box="[721,804,1339,1362]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFD20DE0A131BFA8F" box="[721,804,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB3A16DFF36DE6F117AFA3E" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF36DE6F117AFA3E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1086,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF36DE6F115FFAAA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1374,1399]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFE9BDE6E1223FAAA" box="[362,540,1374,1399]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFDDBDE6F12A5FAAA" box="[554,666,1374,1399]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFCF4DE6F13BCFAAA" box="[773,899,1374,1399]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFC67DE6E146AFAAB" box="[918,1109,1375,1398]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFC67DE6E146AFAAB" box="[918,1109,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and western Atlantic from Cape Lookout,
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB3A16DFEBDDEB311C4FA46" box="[332,507,1410,1435]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB3A16DFEBDDEB311B2FA46" box="[332,397,1410,1435]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">North</collectingRegion>
Carolina
</collectingRegion>
, and the
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB3A16DFD9ADEB312A1FA46" box="[619,670,1410,1435]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFD3DDEB3131EFA46" box="[716,801,1410,1435]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFB3A16DFD3DDEB3131EFA46" box="[716,801,1410,1435]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
to at least Cabo Frio,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFBC0DEB31446FA46" box="[1073,1145,1410,1435]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Depth range:
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB3A16DFAD6DEB315A3FA47" box="[1319,1436,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" metricValueMax="3.7299999999999995" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="194.0" valueMax="373.0" valueMin="15.0">15373 m</quantity>
(possibly to
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB3A16DFED4DE97114DFA62" box="[293,370,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="549.0">549 m</quantity>
). Only
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFE39DE96136DFA63" box="[456,850,1446,1470]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="meridionalis" subSpecies="hartlaubi">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFE39DE96136DFA63" box="[456,850,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia meridionalis hartlaubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is chiefly collected below
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB3A16DFB78DE9614EDFA63" box="[1161,1234,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB3A16DFAE4DE9715A8FA62" author="Clark" box="[1301,1431,1446,1471]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
; Messing 1978).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFB3A16EFF36DEDF127CFF6F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB3A16DFF36DEDF13EBF896" blockId="13.[151,1436,1086,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F643BFFB3A16DFF36DEDF15A7F8FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503125115" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" elevation="79" location="western Atlantic" municipality="This" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF36DEDF1104F9DA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1518,1543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFEB8DEDE11F3F9DB" box="[329,460,1519,1542]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFEB8DEDE11F3F9DB" box="[329,460,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be the only genus of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFCD4DEDF138BF9DA" box="[805,948,1518,1543]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Comatulidae</taxonomicName>
distributed in both
<location id="8EE838BDFFB3A16DFB5DDEDE1554F9DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F:8EE838BDFFB3A16DFB5DDEDE1554F9DA" box="[1196,1387,1518,1543]" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" municipality="This" name="western Atlantic" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">western Atlantic</location>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFA73DEDE1122F9F6" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFA73DEDE1122F9F6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. echinoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFEAEDD22122CF9F6" box="[351,531,1555,1579]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFEAEDD22122CF9F6" box="[351,531,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<location id="8EE838BDFFB3A16DFDAEDD231371F9F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F:8EE838BDFFB3A16DFDAEDD231371F9F6" box="[607,846,1554,1579]" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" municipality="This" name="Indo-western Pacific" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Indo-western Pacific</location>
waters (
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFC4BDD22142BF9F7" box="[954,1044,1555,1578]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFC4BDD22142BF9F7" box="[954,1044,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFB95DD221504F9F7" box="[1124,1339,1555,1578]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFB95DD221504F9F7" box="[1124,1339,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comissia venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below).
<location id="8EE838BDFFB3A16DFF66DD071102F992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F:8EE838BDFFB3A16DFF66DD071102F992" box="[151,317,1590,1615]" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" municipality="This" name="Morphological" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Morphological</location>
characters that unite the genus are found in other genera as well: ten arms only, IBr2 united by synarthry, excentric mouth, and combs to P2P4.
<location id="8EE838BDFFB3A16DFD2DDD6B1337F9AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F:8EE838BDFFB3A16DFD2DDD6B1337F9AE" box="[732,776,1626,1651]" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" municipality="This" name="The" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">The</location>
notched comb teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFBD0DD6A14F4F9AE" box="[1057,1227,1627,1651]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFBD0DD6A14F4F9AE" box="[1057,1227,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. echinoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unique in the family.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFF01DD4E119DF94B" box="[240,418,1662,1686]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF01DD4E119DF94B" box="[240,418,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes a large, deeper-water subspecies (
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFC06DD4E1495F94B" box="[1015,1194,1662,1686]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="meridionalis" subSpecies="hartlaubi">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFC06DD4E1495F94B" box="[1015,1194,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. m. hartlaubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), is widely variable, occurs over a wide depth range, and may constitute multiple species. A single row of nonconfluent comb teeth distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFEC5DDF611D9F903" box="[308,486,1734,1758]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFEC5DDF611D9F903" box="[308,486,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other
<location id="8EE838BDFFB3A16DFD88DDF712ECF902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFB3A16EFF66D8E5127CFF6F:8EE838BDFFB3A16DFD88DDF712ECF902" box="[633,723,1734,1759]" country="New Caledonia" county="Pacific" municipality="This" name="Atlantic" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Atlantic</location>
comatulids.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECF41CFFB3A16DFC9ADDF713A2F902" box="[875,925,1734,1759]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">This</collectingMunicipality>
feature, combined with ten arms, separates
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFF66DDDA116AF8DF" box="[151,341,1771,1794]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFF66DDDA116AF8DF" box="[151,341,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCounty id="62E916EAFFB3A16DFE6ADDDB11D6F8DE" box="[411,489,1770,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Pacific</collectingCounty>
comatulids.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB3A16DFD8BDDDA1307F8DF" box="[634,824,1771,1794]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB3A16DFD8BDDDA1307F8DF" box="[634,824,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously known only from
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFB4CDDDA1553F8DE" box="[1213,1388,1770,1795]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFB3A16DFF36DC3F117AF8FA" box="[199,325,1806,1831]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB3A16DFEABDC3E11F6F8FA" box="[346,457,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="73.0">
<elevation id="001A8955FFB3A16DFEABDC3E11F6F8FA" box="[346,457,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="73.0">7384 m</elevation>
</quantity>
). During this study, three specimens were collected from ~
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFB3A16DFB69DC3F14E8F8FB" box="[1176,1239,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="001A8955FFB3A16DFB69DC3F14E8F8FB" box="[1176,1239,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in Raja Ampat
</materialsCitation>
, Indonesia. For further discussion of this genus, see Messing (1978, 2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFB0A16EFF66DBA9127CFF6F" blockId="14.[151,579,152,178]" box="[151,579,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFB0A16EFF66DBA9127CFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,579,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFB0A16EFF66DBA9115AFF6D" box="[151,357,152,178]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="tribe" tribe="Capillasterini">CAPILLASTERINI</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFB0A16EFE6EDBA9127CFF6F" author="Clark" box="[415,579,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 d) New genera and higher groups of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 22, 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="d">Clark, 1909d</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>