173 lines
18 KiB
XML
173 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="BA6EDB2E21090B3E4F59F770F86610BD" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.5.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e1ca0b14-99a0-4176-a8f0-430cba3c4a99" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="263137" ID-ZooBank="975F0772-9864-49F4-B99A-0826E480E584" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476771634842" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Pyrcz, Tomasz & Brattström, Oskar" docDate="2016" docId="039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bebearia arcadius Sáfián, Pyrcz & Brattström, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFA2BD301C7BC347C865A51D3A546A65" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Bebearia Hemming, 1960, as further evidence of centre of endemism of butterflies in Western Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitinae)" masterLastPageNumber="462" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1698390000371" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="818A0ACFD52BB1EE511C25B12CAD3030" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="94A4130B78BB167BC285EA4B0B151A7A">
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<mods:title id="2B4E9BDEBA0C04A3F7DEE90CDAF9C001">Two new species of Bebearia Hemming, 1960, as further evidence of centre of endemism of butterflies in Western Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="ACA3FF0928C817BC97A57C701FF63FAC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AE09FBDCEDC7044950F7D67D68C27F52">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E639F23C3468F048680360EE74BCFBDF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1E42E52B86AC22B4C3BA2E037C20DFCE">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E78199267CB7210B797863873A12E0D9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="02C27F26E75DA7D10C6669E152E3DFFB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F20DC1250CE5C94EB7BD513FD438C932">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="23D8B165A638E41924424F30D80CBA99">Pyrcz, Tomasz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="839011E00A10111CDA8C6F39C69B0CC0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="00BC25995AEF1F269D02913F4EC17068">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB2D41BF9BE03045959198D0EF5CF7F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="97FEA0D8475A9367EC8A40A9D7AB8D51">Brattström, Oskar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40508E5D62C6830CEF375DF9F7CE0710">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E81B820551035D721B40BAE91EE9A648">
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<mods:title id="0CCD4E83FC96D9CADD2B31B877DE6A99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="16714F36FB4E8E29763D41FBC2AD77C7">
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<mods:date id="3F4F75676BDF8472313EA7FAEAEB7C82">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B7864B22B641C22C7ECBD0DE4D7E6094" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FC85B38C7FD3FCC73BD8756DFBA552A8">4175</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6F115036156C39F5E9B22A066C6DDD5D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A8224029272E6D25E16DF1DC2B00E2D6">5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="1A0611A6A122815F2DCD0B5EB37F6025" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="00812BB102E625023FFF1C307B49E42B">449</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7FF1A8FED7FA1B2524CF9B4514DDB7DB">462</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="18A299C9D96ECCA33921D7E77ABCCFFD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="40D6E6B4D106510A9DD444C5D000C2CD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4175.5.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0D399ABB8D1A2DF8D45FBE5550842625" type="GBIF-Dataset">e1ca0b14-99a0-4176-a8f0-430cba3c4a99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4CB32EC213B699A4FECE5C1ABDCFED06" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61DC8D6FCACA239336EBFCA9513295AC" type="Zenodo-Dep">263137</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="718CEA3C7A7744C551BD24711EAF3B8B" type="ZooBank">975F0772-9864-49F4-B99A-0826E480E584</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6063293" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6063293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
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<subSubSection id="C32827D51C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D745E1C7DC341C8F2A01C39566F7E" blockId="6.[151,770,1281,1307]" box="[151,770,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
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<heading id="D0C5C3321C7DC341C8F2A01C39566F7E" bold="true" box="[151,770,1281,1307]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C8F2A01C39566F7E" bold="true" box="[151,770,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C8F2A01C3B756F7E" ID-CoL="L5QW" box="[151,289,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcadius">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C8F2A01C3B756F7E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. arcadius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C955A01C3B956F7E" box="[304,449,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C955A01C3B956F7E" bold="true" box="[304,449,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C99BA01C38C86F7E" box="[510,668,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wojtusiaki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C99BA01C38C86F7E" bold="true" box="[510,668,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. wojtusiaki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27515371C7DC341CAC1A01C39566F7E" box="[676,770,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D745E1C7DC341C8F2A055390F6DA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A7E031C7DC341C8F2A05539596CE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323867415" country="Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea" location="Central" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central">
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All species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C908A0543BA26F04" box="[365,502,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C908A0543BA26F04" box="[365,502,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group are among the largest in the genus, with very characteristic claret-brown, chestnut-brown or reddish ground colour and an extensive black area on the forewing with white spotting. The black is overlayed with an iridescent blue reflection to a variable extent. The undersides are usually pale brown or light creamy-brown with the usual
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CA41A0A938DF6FA8" box="[548,651,1460,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CA41A0A938DF6FA8" box="[548,651,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Bebearia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pattern, also unique to this group. The sexual dimorphism is more or less restricted to size differences, as females carry the same pattern but are always significantly larger. Currently only two species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C902A0E03BA46C70" box="[359,496,1532,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C902A0E03BA46C70" box="[359,496,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CA4CA0E038FF6C70" box="[553,683,1532,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcadius">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CA4CA0E038FF6C70" box="[553,683,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. arcadius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are recognised in the group, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CC24A0E03E816C70" box="[1089,1237,1532,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wojtusiaki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CC24A0E03E816C70" box="[1089,1237,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. wojtusiaki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27515371C7DC341CCBBA0E03F7C6C71" box="[1246,1320,1533,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp.nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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described here.
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C8B2A33C3B0D6C5C" box="[215,345,1568,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcadius">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C8B2A33C3B0D6C5C" box="[215,345,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. arcadius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from forests in good condition west of the Dahomey Gap (
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<collectingCountry id="F32534CE1C7DC341CCD1A33D38596C38" isEnumeration="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA309AF1C7DC341CA46A35838E76C38" author="Larsen" box="[547,691,1604,1629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, 595 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), being an Upper-Guinean endemic, and has been considered as an ecological vicariant of
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C9F9A37438706CE4" box="[412,548,1640,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C9F9A37438706CE4" box="[412,548,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="49F6BABC1C7DC341CA0EA37538EA6CE4" box="[619,702,1640,1665]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Central</collectingRegion>
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Africa
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A7E031C7DC341CB78A374390F6DA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323867416" country="Angola" county="eastern Nigeria" location="western Nigeria" municipality="Congolian forest" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cross River">
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CB78A37439F06CE4" box="[797,932,1640,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CB78A37439F06CE4" box="[797,932,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from
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<collectingCountry id="F32534CE1C7DC341CCF6A3753EB16CE4" box="[1171,1253,1640,1665]" name="Angola" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and is recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="F32534CE1C7DC341C8BFA3913B946CAC" isEnumeration="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32534CE1C7DC341C9A8A3AD38166CAD" box="[461,578,1712,1736]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="62EC0CD21C7DC341CA1FA3AC397C6CAC" box="[634,808,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">eastern Nigeria</collectingCounty>
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, covering the entire
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9EE241C7DC341CC75A3AD3E996CAC" box="[1040,1229,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Congolian forest</collectingMunicipality>
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zone (www.abdbafrica.org).
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341C97EA3C83BF66C88" box="[283,418,1748,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341C97EA3C83BF66C88" box="[283,418,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was also previously recorded from
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<location id="8EED22851C7DC341CB5CA3C839B86C88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0:8EED22851C7DC341CB5CA3C839B86C88" box="[825,1004,1748,1773]" country="Angola" county="eastern Nigeria" municipality="Congolian forest" name="western Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Cross River">western Nigeria</location>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA309AF1C7DC341CB99A3C83EDA6C88" author="Larsen" box="[1020,1166,1748,1773]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, 595 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), but examination of all available specimens revealed that west of the
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<collectingRegion id="49F6BABC1C7DC341CAFCA3E5394B6D74" box="[665,799,1784,1809]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Cross River</collectingRegion>
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loop,
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CB03A3E439B86D74" box="[870,1004,1784,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CB03A3E439B86D74" box="[870,1004,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is replaced by a different taxon which is a morphological transition between
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CA35A200388D6D50" box="[592,729,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CA35A200388D6D50" box="[592,729,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CB71A20039C26D50" box="[788,918,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcadius">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CB71A20039C26D50" box="[788,918,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. arcadius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is here recognised as a distinct species; a biogeographic link between the Congolian
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CA1FA25C39556D3C" box="[634,769,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plistonax">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CA1FA25C39556D3C" box="[634,769,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. plistonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the Upper-Guinean
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<taxonomicName id="4C320FDD1C7DC341CC70A25C3EC16D3C" box="[1045,1173,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bebearia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcadius">
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<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CC70A25C3EC16D3C" box="[1045,1173,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">B. arcadius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This is well supported by the biogeographic position of the species, which is so far found only in
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<location id="8EED22851C7DC341CB85A2783EC26D18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039BC5481C7DC341C8F2A01C390F6DA0:8EED22851C7DC341CB85A2783EC26D18" box="[992,1174,1892,1917]" country="Angola" county="eastern Nigeria" municipality="Congolian forest" name="western Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Cross River">western Nigeria</location>
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, which has been, in the recent years, increasingly recognised as a discrete biogeographic unit in
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<collectingRegion id="49F6BABC1C7DC341CB90A2943E786DC5" box="[1013,1068,1929,1952]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">West</collectingRegion>
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Africa due to the high rate of endemism (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA309AF1C7DC341C97CA2B03BFC6DA0" author="Larsen" box="[281,424,1964,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, 595 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA309AF1C7DC341C9D1A2B038D56DA0" author="Larsen" box="[436,641,1964,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" refString="Larsen, T. B., Prycz, T., Safian, S. & Warren-Gash, H. (2009) Two biogeographically significant species of Euriphene (Boisduval, 1847) from West Africa and Nigeria: E. epe Pyrcz & Larsen and E. taigola Safian & Warren-Gash (Lepidoptera: Nymphalinae: Adoliadini) Metamorphosis, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, 20, 389 - 399." type="journal article" year="2009">
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|
Larsen
|
|
<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CA62A2B038146DA0" box="[519,576,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
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|
2009
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Pyrcz
|
|
<emphasis id="B946A84C1C7DC341CAB1A2B039586DA0" box="[724,780,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
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|
2011).
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|
</materialsCitation>
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |