853 lines
127 KiB
XML
853 lines
127 KiB
XML
<document id="8EC3EA0A6F31ABFDB9011FB388DD13BD" ID-CLB-Dataset="25080" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1039725" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e978428c-44fe-4739-9db1-8884891e8f54" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1039725" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1509026810584" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Molnar, R. E." docDate="1980" docId="039987C08F72FFAA060FF5A0FA3FFAB1" docLanguage="en" docName="Molnar_1980_Albertosaur(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Paleontology 54 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Albertosaurus cf. a. lancensis Molnar 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="FFA0FFB88F72FFAF0278FFF5FFD0FFA9" masterDocTitle="An albertosaur from the Hell Creek formation of Montana" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="102" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1698470275735" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D2CB00E29A3CE3A30C8F56E03058547">
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<mods:title id="D47A21F2201E40FDB155AACDD480413D">An albertosaur from the Hell Creek formation of Montana</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A35796190D33CA3F249BEFD25524D66A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A92610E95135979A9BDA18B10F26C698">Molnar, R. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B6BD4A59E062F1EFA95D3DE1C45F4D6">Journal of Paleontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D9EE3671DFCB24156E29AFABFBC34907">
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<mods:date id="4ED8694287FE56E1FB53FB5058B90E9A">1980</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6347344281A6C6BAAD96CD24D5A39C24">1980-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DACFEDAA29DFD923107851CC1C3DBC60" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="09F99823E05DB52F6768601C849D5E89">54</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AA0D1177C0339EE56CB45401F36F65B9" type="CLB-Dataset">25080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E05DEA90A1B3DF1C89C59F457BF60DF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1039725</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039987C08F72FFAA060FF5A0FA3FFAB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987C08F72FFAA060FF5A0FA3FFAB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987C08F72FFAA060FF5A0FA3FFAB1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="C32A655D8F72FFAE060FF5A0FD37FE0D" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F72FFAE060FF5A0FD37FE0D" blockId="0.[1102,1923,2594,2729]" lastBlockId="1.[226,1055,335,2774]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F72FFAF060FF5A0FAEAF5D2" box="[1143,1338,2645,2683]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">General.—</emphasis>
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This specimen attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F72FFAF0533F5A0F9EEF500" authorityName="Molnar" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. a. lancensis">
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<httpUri id="B5B1E87C8F72FFAF0533F5A0F9EEF500" httpUri="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/html/C35987894575FFF03CA932160E104A2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F72FFAF0533F5A0FAC9F500" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F72FFAF071FF576F9EEF500" box="[1383,1598,2691,2729]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="102">A. lancensis</emphasis>
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</httpUri>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F72FFAF0425F576F89FF500" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411304" box="[1629,1871,2691,2729]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="R. MacDonald" country="United States" county="Garfield Co." formation="Hell Creek Formation" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="0" pageNumber="102" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
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) is represented only by limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A655D8F73FFAB0084FE8BF8AFF940" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAE0084FE8BFDDCFB13" blockId="1.[226,1055,335,2774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
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This description will emphasize the postcranial elements, with sufficient attention to the cranial remains to demonstrate that the specimen is not referable to
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE035AFDCEFDE2FDC8" box="[290,562,571,609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE035AFDCEFDFDFDC8" box="[290,557,571,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The prefrontal, not elsewhere described or well illustrated in the literature, will also be treated in detail. In view of the incompleteness of the material here described, and of the descriptions of albertosaur postcranial material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE00C7FCD4FC12FCEE" author="Lambe, L. M." box="[703,962,801,839]" firstAuthor="Lambe" journalOrPublisher="Geol. Ser." pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 84" part="83" refId="ref4697" refString="Lambe, L. M. 1917. The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Can. Geol. Surv. Mem. 100, Geol. Ser., 83: 1 - 84." title="The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Can. Geol. Surv. Mem. 100" type="journal article" year="1917">Lambe (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE0290FCBAFE19FCDC" author="Parks, W. A." box="[232,457,847,885]" firstAuthor="Parks" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser." pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 41" part="25" refId="ref4930" refString="Parks, W. A. 1928. Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser. 25: 1 - 41." title="Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta" type="book chapter" year="1928">Parks (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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and of tyrannosaur postcranial material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE03BBFC88FD63FC0A" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[451,691,893,931]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull." pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="281 - 296" part="22" refId="ref4806" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1906. Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 22: 281 - 296." title="Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur" type="journal article" year="1906">Osborn (1906</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE00A8FC88FCF2FC0A" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[720,802,893,931]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull." pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="733 - 771" part="35" refId="ref4863" refString="-----. 1916. Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 35: 733 - 771." title="Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus" type="journal article" year="1916">1916</bibRefCitation>
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), this description will focus on differences of
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<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F73FFAE0152FC59FBCAFC7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411320" box="[810,1050,940,978]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
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from described forms. Detailed comparison, not possible with the other tyrannosaurids, was made with the disarticulated
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0145FBCDFE8DFB25" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0145FBCDFE8DFB25" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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skull (LACM 23844) collected from the adjacent quarry.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAE0376FB37FC60F865" blockId="1.[226,1055,335,2774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
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Nasal.
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE03FAFB37FE7EFB41" box="[386,430,1218,1256]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">—</emphasis>
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The nasals of
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<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F73FFAE00CFFB37FC79FB41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411309" box="[695,937,1218,1256]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
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||
differ from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0382FB05FDBAFABF" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[506,618,1264,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0382FB05FDBAFABF" box="[506,618,1264,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">T. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(AMNH 5027, LACM 23844) in showing fewer and lower dorsal rugosities, and having an abrupt flexure in the sagittal plane. The nasals of
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0089FA8EFCD6FA66" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0089FA8EFE85FA66" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0316FA5CFCD6FA66" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[366,774,1449,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0113FA5CFC05FA66" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[875,981,1449,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0113FA5CFC05FA66" box="[875,981,1449,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">T. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are straight or slightly convex: a similar flexure, however, is present in at least one specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0365F9C0FDACF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[285,636,1589,1627]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0365F9C0FDACF9F2" box="[285,636,1589,1627]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Tarbosaurus bataar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(PIN 551-3,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE0100F9C0FEECF920" author="Maleyev, E. A." editor="N. N. Kramarenko et al." firstAuthor="Maleyev" journalOrPublisher="Izd. " Nauka" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="380" refId="ref4764" refString="Maleyev, E. A. 1974. Gigantskie carnozavri semeistva Tyrannosauridae. In, N. N. Kramarenko et al., Fauna i Biostratigrafia Mezozoia i Kainozoia Mongolii. Moscow: Izd. " Nauka, " 380 P-" title="Gigantskie carnozavri semeistva Tyrannosauridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna i Biostratigrafia Mezozoia i Kainozoia Mongolii. Moscow" year="1974">Maleyev, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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, Tab. II, fig. 1). The posteriormost portion of the nasals of
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<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F73FFAE0018F967FC80F911" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411313" box="[608,848,1682,1720]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
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||
is lacking, but they appear to have narrowed posteriorly less markedly than those of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0084F91BFCBAF8BD" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[764,874,1774,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0084F91BFCBAF8BD" box="[764,874,1774,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">T. rex</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE01F4F91BFE69F8EB" author="Osborn, H. F." journalOrPublisher="Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Mem." pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refId="ref4837" refString="-----. 1912. Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Mem. 1: 1 - 30." title="Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus" type="journal article" year="1912">
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||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F73FFAE01F4F91BFE69F8EB" captionText="Plate I. Complete skull of Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn. Amer. Mus. No. 5027. One-fifth natural size. The element shown in the upper posterior part of the first antorbital fenestra is the displaced ectopterygoid (transversum) of the opposite side. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2784075/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" targetBox="[537,3505,418,2654]" targetPageId="3">Osborn, 1912, Pl. 1</figureCitation>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), and more than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE012AF8E9FBC7F8EB" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[850,1047,1820,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
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||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE012AF8E9FBC7F8EB" box="[850,1047,1820,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F73FFAE028AF8BCFD80F8C6" author="Russell, D. A." box="[242,592,1865,1903]" journalOrPublisher="Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Paleontol" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref4997" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada. Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Paleontol. 1: 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">
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||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F73FFAE028AF8BCFD80F8C6" box="[242,592,1865,1903]" captionText="Figure 2 Albertosaurus libratus, median elements of the skull roof restored after USNM 12814. The area shown measures approximately 31C mm in length along the midline of the skull." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040977/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" targetBox="[180,1911,176,1666]" targetPageId="15">Russell, 1970, fig. 2</figureCitation>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The nasal contact of the frontals was W-shaped and broader relative to the width of the frontals than in
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||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0145F853FC60F865" box="[829,944,1958,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0145F853FC7AF865" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[829,938,1958,1996]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F73FFAE0634F886FB77F77C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248846/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" targetBox="[1118,1921,341,1869]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAE0634F886FB77F77C" blockId="1.[1100,1922,1907,2261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Text -fig. 1—Right prefrontal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0414F886FAE5F816" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0414F886F897F83E" box="[1644,1863,1907,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0609F86EFAE5F816" box="[1137,1333,1947,1983]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F73FFAE072BF86EF9FFF816" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411323" box="[1363,1583,1947,1983]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
) in dorsal (4), anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE06C6F837FB0BF84F" box="[1214,1243,1986,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
), and lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE07BAF837FA09F84F" box="[1474,1497,1986,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
) aspects. The dorsal view shows the prefrontal in articulation with the frontal, that portion of the prefrontal covered by the frontal indicated by the broken line. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE048BF7CFF8DBF7F7" box="[1779,1803,2106,2142]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE051FF7CFF8ADF7F7" box="[1895,1917,2106,2142]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
the broken region of this prefrontal is reconstructed with the dashed line.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0409F77EF97CF706" bold="true" box="[1649,1708,2187,2223]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Bar</emphasis>
|
||
represents 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAE0374F821FD99F748" blockId="1.[226,1055,335,2774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0374F821FE01F853" box="[268,465,2004,2042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Maxilla.—</emphasis>
|
||
The maxillae were minced prior to collection. The largest piece includes the anteroventral margin of the antorbital fossa and shows that it bounded the anteriormost antorbital fenestra as in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE015DF778FBC7F71A" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[805,1047,2189,2227]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE015DF778FBC7F71A" box="[805,1047,2189,2227]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0341F74EFD99F748" box="[313,585,2235,2273]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0341F74EFD94F748" box="[313,580,2235,2273]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAE0372F71FF961F58C" blockId="1.[226,1055,335,2774]" lastBlockId="1.[1095,1922,2332,2779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0372F71FFDD3F6B9" box="[266,515,2282,2320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">Lachrymal.—</emphasis>
|
||
The horizontal ramus of the right lachrymal is preserved, showing the lachrymal ‘horn’ found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE00C6F6B3FCACF6C5" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[702,892,2374,2412]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE00C6F6B3FCACF6C5" box="[702,892,2374,2412]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not present in this form. The lachrymals of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0066F655FD26F66F" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[542,758,2464,2502]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0066F655FD26F66F" box="[542,758,2464,2502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are incomplete, the left poorly preserved, and the right apparently reconstructed in plaster, thus detailed comparison could not be made. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE011EF5DCFC00F5E6" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[870,976,2601,2639]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE011EF5DCFC00F5E6" box="[870,976,2601,2639]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the horizontal ramus of the lachrymal is deeper dorsoventrally and the medial and lateral surfaces more nearly parallel than in this specimen (where they converge anteriorly). Additionally, the articular surface for the nasal is restricted to the lower half of the medial face of the lachrymal in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F73FFAE07D3F650F970F662" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411307" box="[1451,1696,2469,2507]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F73FFAE0520F650FBADF650" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0520F650FBADF650" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844) this surface occupies threequarters of the height of that face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F73FFAD0608F5D8FBC7F72B" blockId="1.[1095,1922,2332,2779]" lastBlockId="2.[231,1055,1585,2768]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F73FFAE0608F5D8F99FF5FA" box="[1136,1615,2605,2643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Prefrontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F73FFAE0733F5D8F9DBF5FA" box="[1355,1547,2605,2643]" captionStart="Text-fig. 1" captionText="Text-fig. 1—Right prefrontal of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in dorsal (4), anterior (B), and lateral (C) aspects. The dorsal view shows the prefrontal in articulation with the frontal, that portion of the prefrontal covered by the frontal indicated by the broken line. In B and C the broken region of this prefrontal is reconstructed with the dashed line. Bar represents 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248846/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="103" targetBox="[1118,1921,341,1869]" targetPageId="1">Text-fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both prefrontals are nearly complete. This specimen is the only one known to me in which the prefrontals have been freed from articulation with the other elements, and can thus be described in detail. The prefrontal is roughly tetrahedral in shape with the slightly convex base dorsally. The anterior face is smoothly concave on the left, and concave with a low ridge on the right prefrontal. The medial face smoothly curves into the posterior, and both are slightly convex: the anterior face only is clearly distinct from the others. The posterior and medial faces both articulate with the frontal, while the anterior contacts the lachrymal. The lack of published descriptions of theropod prefrontals prevents any comparisons with other taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F70FFAD0291FBC3FD89FA43" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" targetBox="[234,1050,327,1050]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD0291FBC3FD89FA43" blockId="2.[232,1054,327,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0291FBC3FE93FBF3" box="[233,323,1078,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD03DCFBC3FE0FFBF3" box="[420,479,1078,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">2—</emphasis>
|
||
The articular surface of the frontal for the prefrontal in anterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0143FBA8FC8CFB28" box="[827,860,1117,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Right frontal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD03FAFB70FC5AFB00" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[386,906,1157,1193]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD03FAFB70FD8FFB00" box="[386,607,1157,1193]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD00C0FB70FC5AFB00" box="[696,906,1157,1193]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD01F1FB70FC5FFB00" box="[905,911,1157,1193]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">,</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD01D4FB70FEA1FB78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411310" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845.</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD03F6FB58FE61FB78" box="[398,433,1197,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Left frontal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD00A5FB58FC18FB78" box="[733,968,1197,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD00A5FB58FC18FB78" box="[733,968,1197,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., MMS 51-2004. The diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Abbreviations: ec, endocranial cavity; po, articular surface of frontal for postorbital; prf, articular surface of frontal for prefrontal. MMS 51-2004 includes portions of the laterosphenoid and prootic in addition to the frontal. Bars represent 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD0369F77EFCD6F5B2" blockId="2.[231,1055,1585,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0369F77EFE01F718" box="[273,465,2187,2225]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Frontal.—</emphasis>
|
||
Both frontals are preserved: the right lacks only the postorbital articular surface, while of the left only the medial portion is present. The nasal contact is wider relative to the length of the frontals than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0108F6B4FC31F6CE" box="[880,993,2369,2407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0108F6B4FC0CF6CE" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[880,988,2369,2407]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In dorsal aspect the prefrontal contact is less angular than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0392F66EFDB1F668" box="[490,609,2459,2497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0392F66EFD8AF668" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[490,602,2459,2497]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
more like that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD01C2F66EFE8DF646" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD018DF66EFE88F646" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This contact is poorly preserved in the type specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD005DF600FCD6F5B2" box="[549,774,2549,2587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD005DF600FCD0F5B2" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[549,768,2549,2587]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD036BF5D6F8F7FDA8" blockId="2.[231,1055,1585,2768]" lastBlockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
A partial braincase of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD00B2F5D6FC1FF5E0" box="[714,975,2595,2633]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD00B2F5D6FC1FF5E0" box="[714,975,2595,2633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (MMS 51-2004) from South Dakota shows a prefrontal articular surface that is dorsoventrally elongate, concave and sutural (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F70FFAD01FCF55FFBB6FEDE" box="[900,1126,337,2768]" captionStart="Text-fig. 2" captionText="Text-fig. 2—The articular surface of the frontal for the prefrontal in anterior view. A, Right frontal of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis, LACM 23845. B, Left frontal of Tyrannosaurus sp., MMS 51-2004. The diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Abbreviations: ec, endocranial cavity; po, articular surface of frontal for postorbital; prf, articular surface of frontal for prefrontal. MMS 51-2004 includes portions of the laterosphenoid and prootic in addition to the frontal. Bars represent 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" targetBox="[234,1050,327,1050]" targetPageId="2">Text-fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). That of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD0742FEA4F9E0FEDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411314" box="[1338,1584,337,375]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
is triangular and smoothly concave. While some movement at this contact may have been allowed in the latter form, this was not the case in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD04CDFE2EF8F7FDA8" box="[1717,1831,475,513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD04CDFE2EF8F3FDA8" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1717,1827,475,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD060EFDFEFB23FD12" blockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD060EFDFEFAEFFD98" box="[1142,1343,523,561]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Parietal.—</emphasis>
|
||
The anteromedial portions of the parietal are preserved, and are indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD07D5FD92F970FD24" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1453,1696,615,653]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD07D5FD92F970FD24" box="[1453,1696,615,653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0573FD92FB23FD12" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0573FD92FB3EFD12" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD060DFD31F8EDFA09" blockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD060DFD31FA61FD43" box="[1141,1457,708,746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Supraoccipital.—</emphasis>
|
||
The medial portion of the supraoccipital crest and adjoining portion of the sagittal crest are present. The dorsal margin of the sagittal crest reaches to the flattened dorsal margin of the supraoccipital crest posteriorly. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0748FC59FA4FFC7B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1328,1439,940,978]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0748FC59FA4FFC7B" box="[1328,1439,940,978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal margin of the sagittal crest does not extend so far dorsally, while both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0762FBFDFA22FB87" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1306,1522,1032,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0762FBFDFA22FB87" box="[1306,1522,1032,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD042CFBFDF8C3FB87" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1620,1811,1032,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD042CFBFDF8C3FB87" box="[1620,1811,1032,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agree with
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD06C9FBC2FA7DFBF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411329" box="[1201,1453,1079,1117]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
. The right supraoccipital ala is thicker along its dorsal margin than the left. Interestingly, the supraoccipital crest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0636FB35FADAFB4F" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1102,1290,1216,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0636FB35FADAFB4F" box="[1102,1290,1216,1254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5336), also shows such an asymmetry (not found in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0474FB1AF95AFABC" box="[1548,1674,1263,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0474FB1AF9A6FABC" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1548,1654,1263,1301]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but reversed, that is, with the thicker ala on the left. The supraoccipital alae of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD07B5FAB9F968FADB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411328" box="[1485,1720,1356,1394]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
are thicker than in the type specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0424FA8FF8EDFA09" box="[1628,1853,1402,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0424FA8FF8E8FA09" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1628,1848,1402,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD060BFA5CFAE4F92E" blockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD060BFA5CFA8AFA66" box="[1139,1370,1449,1487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Pterygoid.—</emphasis>
|
||
Most of the quadrate processes of both pterygoids are present. They are thicker than usual for the quadrate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD04BFF9F0F8E3F982" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1735,1843,1541,1579]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD04BFF9F0F8E3F982" box="[1735,1843,1541,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(although one specimen, CM 1400, matches them in thickness).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAD060EF97AF8ACF668" blockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD060EF97AFA68F91C" box="[1142,1464,1679,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Quadratojugal.—</emphasis>
|
||
Most of this element is preserved, represented by complementary pieces from right and left. In general form it agrees with those of other tyrannosaurids: those of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD041BF8BDF8EAF8C7" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1635,1850,1864,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD041BF8BDF8EAF8C7" box="[1635,1850,1864,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are too incomplete for comparison. The upper quadrate articular surface of this element is polygonal in outline and sutural in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0573F826F8AEF850" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1803,1918,2003,2041]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0573F826F8AEF850" box="[1803,1918,2003,2041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD0621F7F5FA84F78F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411325" box="[1113,1364,2048,2086]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
), and elliptical and smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0635F7DAFA91F7FC" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1101,1345,2095,2133]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0635F7DAFA91F7FC" box="[1101,1345,2095,2133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD07E1F7DAF9AFF7FC" box="[1433,1663,2095,2133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD07E1F7DAF9AAF7FC" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1433,1658,2095,2133]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The anterior portion of that articular surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0572F7A8F8AEF72A" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1802,1918,2141,2179]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0572F7A8F8AEF72A" box="[1802,1918,2141,2179]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844) is a marked concavity, while that of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F70FFAD06B6F74DFA6AF777" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411326" box="[1230,1466,2232,2270]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
lacks any concavity. The lower quadrate articular surfaces also differ, but both specimens are incomplete in this region and the extent of this difference is in doubt. No disarticulated quadratojugal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD0530F69BFAC5F668" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0530F69BFAC5F668" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be located for comparison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F70FFAC060DF63DFCC5FE7F" blockId="2.[1100,1925,337,2768]" lastBlockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD060DF63DF9C1F647" box="[1141,1553,2504,2542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Dentary, angular and</emphasis>
|
||
prearticular.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD0577F63DF8EBF647" box="[1807,1851,2504,2542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">—</emphasis>
|
||
The central portions of the right dentary and of both angulars and both prearticulars are preserved. These are indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD06F0F589FAABF50B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1160,1403,2684,2722]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD06F0F589FAABF50B" box="[1160,1403,2684,2722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F70FFAD078AF589F928F50B" box="[1522,1784,2684,2722]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F70FFAD078AF589F928F50B" box="[1522,1784,2684,2722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="104">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except that the ventral margin of the posteroventral process of the dentary bears posteriorly a small, distinct medial shelf in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC016EFE75FC50FE0F" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[790,896,384,422]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC016EFE75FC50FE0F" box="[790,896,384,422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844) absent in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F71FFAC0062FE45FCC0FE7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411324" box="[538,784,432,470]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC0376FE2AFEB3FD68" blockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0376FE2AFDDEFDAC" box="[270,526,479,517]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Surangular.—</emphasis>
|
||
Most of the right, but only fragments of the left surangular are preserved. The anterior dentary process lacks the internal, longitudinal bar found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0160FD9EFC53FD38" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[792,899,619,657]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0160FD9EFC53FD38" box="[792,899,619,657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F71FFAC0636FDEAFB19FD69" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248850/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1105,1920,347,515]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC0636FDEAFB19FD69" blockId="3.[1101,1924,347,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0636FDEAFB78FDEA" box="[1102,1192,543,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC077DFDEAFA91FDEA" box="[1285,1345,543,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">3—</emphasis>
|
||
Ungual phalanx (4), metacarpal (£) and left ulna (
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC072AFDBDFABAFDC5" box="[1362,1386,584,620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC07DEFDBDF850FDC5" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1446,1920,584,620]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC07DEFDBDF950FDC5" box="[1446,1664,584,620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC04B8FDBDF850FDC5" box="[1728,1920,584,620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F71FFAC0606FD87FA8BFD3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411305" box="[1150,1371,626,662]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
) in lateral aspect. Bar represents 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC036AFD3DFCD7F924" blockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC036AFD3DFDADFD47" box="[274,637,712,750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Ulna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F71FFAC0306FD3DFDE9FD47" box="[382,569,712,750]" captionStart="Text-fig. 3" captionText="Text-fig. 3—Ungual phalanx (4), metacarpal (£) and left ulna (C) of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in lateral aspect. Bar represents 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248850/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1105,1920,347,515]" targetPageId="3">Text-fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The left ulna lacks only the radial and olecranal edges of the proximal articular surface. Expanded at both ends, it has a slight taper distally in lateral view. The proximal articular surface is inclined at about 45° to the long axis of the ulna, and both it and the distal articular surface are subtriangular in shape. There is no sign of a pronounced olecranal process as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC015FFBCEFBCAFBC8" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[807,1050,1083,1121]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC015FFBCEFBCAFBC8" box="[807,1050,1083,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0341FB9CFD9FFB26" box="[313,591,1129,1167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0341FB9CFD99FB26" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[313,585,1129,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the ulna most resembling that of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0386FB6DFCABFB17" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[510,891,1176,1214]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0386FB6DFCABFB17" box="[510,891,1176,1214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Albertosaurus libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5664). The shaft tapers less than in any other tyrannosaurid. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0007FB00FD98FAE0" authority="(Ostrom, 1969)" authorityName="Ostrom" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Ostrom" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Deinonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antirrhopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0007FB00FEF0FAE0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Deinonychus antirrhopus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F71FFAC033CFAD6FDEDFAE0" author="Ostrom, J. H." box="[324,573,1315,1353]" firstAuthor="Ostrom" journalOrPublisher="Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull." pageId="3" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 165" part="30" refId="ref4892" refString="Ostrom, J. H. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 30: 1 - 165." title="Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1969">Ostrom, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the margins of the joint capsule at the distal extremity are traceable as a distinct angulation of the surface: the radial surface has a slight rugose ridge distally, similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0071FA29FCCBF9AB" baseAuthorityName="Ostrom" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[521,795,1500,1538]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Deinonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antirrhopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0071FA29FCCBF9AB" box="[521,795,1500,1538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">D. antirrhopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F71FFAC0292F9FEFE34F998" author="Ostrom, J. H." box="[234,484,1547,1585]" firstAuthor="Ostrom" journalOrPublisher="Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull." pageId="3" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 165" part="30" refId="ref4892" refString="Ostrom, J. H. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 30: 1 - 165." title="Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana" type="journal article" year="1969">Ostrom (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the attachment of the distal radioulnar ligament. The ulna is 131 mm long, and 26 mm in distal diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC0377F96DFD03F8E1" blockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Metacarpal
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0395F96DFCD0F917" box="[493,768,1688,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F71FFAC0382F96DFD6DF917" box="[506,701,1688,1726]" captionStart="Text-fig. 3" captionText="Text-fig. 3—Ungual phalanx (4), metacarpal (£) and left ulna (C) of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in lateral aspect. Bar represents 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248850/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1105,1920,347,515]" targetPageId="3">Text-fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The metacarpal II is broader than deep. It is 70 mm long, 29 mm in maximal proximal diameter and 21 mm in maximal distal diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC0376F8A5FEADF653" blockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0376F8A5FC08F8DF" box="[270,984,1872,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Manual ungual phalanx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F71FFAC00AFF8A5FC45F8DF" box="[727,917,1872,1910]" captionStart="Text-fig. 3" captionText="Text-fig. 3—Ungual phalanx (4), metacarpal (£) and left ulna (C) of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in lateral aspect. Bar represents 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248850/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1105,1920,347,515]" targetPageId="3">Text-fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The ungual lacks the tip and a portion of the basal proximal angle. It differs from those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC01C3F858FC31F87A" box="[955,993,1965,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC018EF858FE81F7A8" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC018EF858FE81F7A8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC03A8F82EFCEAF7A8" box="[464,826,2011,2049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC03A8F82EFCFDF7A8" baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[464,813,2011,2049]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">Tarbosaurus bataar</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in that, although incomplete, it shows no sign of a proximal tendon tubercle, which thus must have been poorly developed at best. In lateral aspect the proximal articular surface of the manual claw of tyrannosaurids (and most theropods) is arcuate in the sagittal plane: in this specimen it is not arcuate, but consists of two nearly plane surfaces meeting at an oblique angle. Such an angled surface would have reduced the mobility of this claw on the adjacent phalanx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC0374F5F7FB5CF99B" blockId="3.[227,1056,337,2781]" lastBlockId="3.[1101,1928,756,2190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0374F5F7FD64F581" box="[268,692,2562,2600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F71FFAC03DFF5F7FDA1F581" box="[423,625,2562,2600]" captionStart="Text-fig. 4" captionText="Text-fig. 4—Femur of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in anterior aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1092,1911,2323,2606]" targetPageId="3">Text-fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The proximal twothirds of the left femur is present. The lesser trochanter is broken away, and the shaft crushed so that reliable measurements of the diameter cannot be made. The femur, with long, straight shaft and marked, offset head, resembles those of other tyrannosaurids, but appears more slender than most. The proximal proportions match those of the femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0566FC75F90AFC7D" authority="(Cope, 1871)" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1871" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0566FC75FA1EFC7D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Dryptosaurus aquilunguis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F71FFAC078EFC5BF91EFC7D" author="Cope, E. D." box="[1526,1742,942,980]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="Am. Phil. Soc., Trans, (n. s.)" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 252" part="14" refId="ref4626" refString="-----. 1871. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Am. Phil. Soc., Trans, (n. s.) 14: 1 - 252." title="Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America" type="journal article" year="1871">Cope, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the shaft is less curved in the sagittal plane. The fourth trochanter is less prominent than in adult tyrannosaurids, but resembles that of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC06B5FB9FFA40FB39" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1229,1424,1130,1168]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC06B5FB9FFA40FB39" box="[1229,1424,1130,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5664). It appears more proximally placed than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC04D6FB6DFB4FFB44" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC04D6FB6DFB48FB44" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">D. aquilunguis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but the incompleteness of the femora of both forms makes it difficult to be sure. Comparing the ratio of the width of the proximal end to the distance from that end to the distal termination of the fourth trochanter suggests that the trochanter in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F71FFAC078DFA5AF938FA7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411306" box="[1525,1768,1455,1493]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
is more proximally placed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC043EFA28F8DAF9AA" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1606,1802,1501,1539]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC043EFA28F8DAF9AA" box="[1606,1802,1501,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0526FA28FB5CF99B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0526FA28FB57F99B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAB0601F9CFFC15FB04" blockId="3.[1101,1928,756,2190]" lastBlockId="4.[230,1055,1020,2310]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0601F9CFFA2DF9C9" box="[1145,1533,1594,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F71FFAC068FF9CFFA6CF9C9" box="[1271,1468,1594,1632]" captionStart="Text-fig. 5" captionText="Text-fig. 5—Left tibia of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845) in medial aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248854/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[228,1040,339,711]" targetPageId="4">Text-fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The proximal half of the left tibia is preserved. In proximal view it is roughly triangular in form and narrower than those of other albertosaurs, which are roughly quadrangular, except
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC04EDF901FAD5F8E0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">‘Gorgosaurus' novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F71FFAC075CF8D6F9FFF8E0" author="Maleyev, E. A." box="[1316,1583,1827,1865]" editor="N. N. Kramarenko et al." firstAuthor="Maleyev" journalOrPublisher="Izd. " Nauka" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" pagination="380" refId="ref4764" refString="Maleyev, E. A. 1974. Gigantskie carnozavri semeistva Tyrannosauridae. In, N. N. Kramarenko et al., Fauna i Biostratigrafia Mezozoia i Kainozoia Mongolii. Moscow: Izd. " Nauka, " 380 P-" title="Gigantskie carnozavri semeistva Tyrannosauridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna i Biostratigrafia Mezozoia i Kainozoia Mongolii. Moscow" year="1974">Maleyev, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cnemial and fibular crests are well-developed. The cnemial crest extends further laterally than in other albertosaurs,
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0739F85AFA3CF87C" box="[1345,1516,1967,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">except‘G</emphasis>
|
||
.’
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC047EF85AF911F87C" box="[1542,1729,1967,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">novojilovi,</emphasis>
|
||
projecting to a position anterior to the head of the fibula. This tibia, as preserved, most closely resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC0719F7CFF939F7C9" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1865" box="[1377,1769,2106,2144]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Coelosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0719F7CFF939F7C9" box="[1377,1769,2106,2144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Coelosaurus antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F71FFAC056AF7CFFA7CF727" author="Leidy, J." journalOrPublisher="Smithson. Contrib. Knowl." pageId="3" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 165" part="14" refId="ref4732" refString="Leidy, J. 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithson. Contrib. Knowl. 14: 1 - 165." title="Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States" type="journal article" year="1865">Leidy, 1865, Pl. Ill, fig. 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0464F79DF8F6F727" box="[1564,1830,2152,2190]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">‘G3 novojilovi.</emphasis>
|
||
The tibial condyles are prominent, the lateral condyle showing an anterior projection also seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0363FBACFDFCFBD6" authorityName=", Welles and Long" authorityYear="1974" box="[283,556,1113,1151]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0363FBACFDFCFBD6" box="[283,556,1113,1151]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F76FFAB0035FBACFC69FBD6" author="Parks, W. A." box="[589,953,1113,1151]" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser." pageId="4" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 41" part="25" refId="ref4930" refString="Parks, W. A. 1928. Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser. 25: 1 - 41." title="Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta" type="book chapter" year="1928">Parks, 1928, fig. 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0327FB72FDCDFB04" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[351,541,1159,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0327FB72FDCDFB04" box="[351,541,1159,1197]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F76FFAB0044FB72FC64FB04" author="Lambe, L. M." box="[572,948,1159,1197]" journalOrPublisher="Geol. Ser." pageId="4" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 84" part="83" refId="ref4697" refString="Lambe, L. M. 1917. The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Can. Geol. Surv. Mem. 100, Geol. Ser., 83: 1 - 84." title="The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Can. Geol. Surv. Mem. 100" type="journal article" year="1917">Lambe, 1917, fig. 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F71FFAC063DF5BFFB02F548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[1092,1911,2323,2606]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F71FFAC063DF5BFFB02F548" blockId="3.[1092,1917,2323,2785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC063DF5BFFB71F5C7" box="[1093,1185,2634,2670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC0778F5BFFAECF5C7" box="[1280,1340,2634,2670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">4—</emphasis>
|
||
Femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F71FFAC079AF5BFFB16F53D" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC079AF5BFF96DF5C7" box="[1506,1725,2634,2670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F71FFAC057EF5BFFB16F53D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="105">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F71FFAC069BF585FA6FF53D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411318" box="[1251,1471,2672,2708]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="3" pageNumber="105" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
) in anterior aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F76FFAB0630FD27F8A7FCEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248852/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[1093,1909,366,688]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0630FD27F8A7FCEC" blockId="4.[1096,1915,722,837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0630FD27FB73FD5F" box="[1096,1187,722,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0779FD27FAE9FD5F" box="[1281,1337,722,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">7—</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsus and pes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB04E6FD27FABDFCB7" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB04E6FD27F8A8FD5F" box="[1694,1912,722,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB06DFFD0FFABDFCB7" box="[1191,1389,762,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB07F3FD0FF9BFFCB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411330" box="[1419,1647,762,798]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
). Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F76FFAB0293FD1CFE0FFC2C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248854/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[228,1040,339,711]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0293FD1CFE0FFC2C" blockId="4.[234,1056,745,901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0293FD1CFE95FCA4" box="[235,325,745,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB03D1FD1CFE34FCA4" box="[425,484,745,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">5—</emphasis>
|
||
Left tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB00BEFD1CFE4CFC9F" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB00BEFD1CFC71FCA4" box="[710,929,745,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB018DFD1CFE4CFC9F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB03C4FCE7FD4CFC9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411315" box="[444,668,786,822]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
) in medial aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0377FB43FD8DF907" blockId="4.[230,1055,1020,2310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0377FB43FD66FB75" box="[271,694,1206,1244]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Fibula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F76FFAB03D2FB43FDA4FB75" box="[426,628,1206,1244]" captionStart="Text-fig. 6" captionText="Text-fig. 6—Right fibula of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845), in lateral aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[237,1053,2422,2589]" targetPageId="4">Text-fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The right fibula is complete. In lateral view the proximal expansion is roughly symmetric about the midline, a condition found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB000CFAB4FCAFFACE" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[628,895,1345,1383]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB000CFAB4FCAFFACE" box="[628,895,1345,1383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">D. aquilunguis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in other tyrannosaurids. The fibula is more slender than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB00FEFA6BFD25FA6D" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[646,757,1438,1476]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB00FEFA6BFD25FA6D" box="[646,757,1438,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0338FA38FD89FA5A" box="[320,601,1485,1523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0338FA38FD84FA5A" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[320,596,1485,1523]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">D. aquilunguis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The anterior margin is less convex in lateral view, and the dorsal margin more nearly flat than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0147F9DFFC66F9F9" box="[831,950,1578,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0147F9DFFC7FF9F9" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[831,943,1578,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
both character states being shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0137F9ADFEE2F907" authorityName=", Welles and Long" authorityYear="1974" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0137F9ADFEE2F907" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB03EEF97DFD8DF907" box="[406,605,1672,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB03EEF97DFD88F907" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[406,600,1672,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0376F943FB10FBAB" blockId="4.[230,1055,1020,2310]" lastBlockId="4.[1097,1927,941,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0376F943FDD2F975" box="[270,514,1718,1756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Astragalus.—</emphasis>
|
||
The right astragalus has been described and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F76FFAB00A3F911FE86F891" author="Welles, S. P. & R. A. Long" firstAuthor="Welles" journalOrPublisher="Ann. S. Afr. Mus." pageId="4" pageNumber="106" pagination="191 - 218" part="64" refId="ref5099" refString="Welles, S. P. and R. A. Long. 1974. The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 64: 191 - 218." title="The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1974">Welles and Long (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They have concluded that it resembles those of the albertosaurs and is quite distinct from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB03A3F89AFD96F83C" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[475,582,1903,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB03A3F89AFD96F83C" box="[475,582,1903,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5027). It should be noted however, that an incomplete astragalus collected with the remains of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB01E0F839FBC7F85B" box="[920,1047,1996,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB01E0F839FBC1F85B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[920,1041,1996,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
LACM 23844, and attributed to that specimen (being of the appropriate size) does not resemble the astragalus attributed to AMNH 5027, but rather the albertosaur astragali.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F76FFAB0293F747FD56F771" author="Welles, S. P. & R. A. Long" box="[235,646,2226,2264]" firstAuthor="Welles" journalOrPublisher="Ann. S. Afr. Mus." pageId="4" pageNumber="106" pagination="191 - 218" part="64" refId="ref5099" refString="Welles, S. P. and R. A. Long. 1974. The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 64: 191 - 218." title="The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1974">Welles and Long (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
felt that the astragalus of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB035EF715FCD3F6AF" box="[294,771,2272,2310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB035EF715FD2CF6AF" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[294,764,2272,2310]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">Dryptosaurus aquilunguis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
interpreted as worn, was the closest in form to that of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB0571FC58FB6CFBAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411327" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB060FFBFFF8BCFA57" blockId="4.[1097,1927,941,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB060FFBFFF9B0FB99" box="[1143,1632,1034,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Metatarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F76FFAB0723FBFFF9CFFB99" box="[1371,1567,1034,1072]" captionStart="Text-fig. 7" captionText="Text-fig. 7—Metatarsus and pes of Albertosaurus cf. A. lancensis (LACM 23845). Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248852/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[1093,1909,366,688]" targetPageId="4">Text-fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The right metatarsal II and distal half of metatarsal III are present. They resemble those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB04C9FB9DF8AFFB27" box="[1713,1919,1128,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB04C9FB9DF8A8FB27" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1713,1912,1128,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with indication of the characteristic proximal narrowing of metatarsal III. The proximal face of metatarsal II bears a prominent expansion laterally, like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB047AFAEAF9A2FAEC" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1538,1650,1311,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB047AFAEAF9A2FAEC" box="[1538,1650,1311,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and adult
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB052BFAEAFB09FADA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB052BFAEAFB03FADA" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB079EFAB8FB76FA0B" authority="(Parks, 1928)" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Parks" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB079EFAB8F93FFADA" box="[1510,1775,1357,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F76FFAB0576FAB8FB4CFA0B" author="Parks, W. A." firstAuthor="Parks" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser." pageId="4" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 41" part="25" refId="ref4930" refString="Parks, W. A. 1928. Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser. 25: 1 - 41." title="Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta" type="book chapter" year="1928">Parks, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB07D8FA89F98CFA0B" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1440,1628,1404,1442]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB07D8FA89F98CFA0B" box="[1440,1628,1404,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. libratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5664). These metatarsals are less stout than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0631FA2DFB66FA57" box="[1097,1206,1496,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0631FA2DFB60FA57" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1097,1200,1496,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but stouter than those of‘G.’
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB04CBFA2DF8BCFA57" box="[1715,1900,1496,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">novojilovi.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB060FF9FEF8AFF940" blockId="4.[1097,1927,941,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB060FF9FEF97FF998" box="[1143,1711,1547,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Pedal phalanges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A538F76FFAB07D7F9FEF9BCF998" box="[1455,1644,1547,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[1093,1909,366,688]" targetPageId="4">Text-fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eleven phalanges of the right pes are present, more or less complete. They are indistinguishable from those of albertosaurs, and only slightly more slender than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB079FF936F983F940" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1511,1619,1731,1769]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB079FF936F983F940" box="[1511,1619,1731,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32A655D8F76FFAA0709F8EFFA3FFAB1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0709F8EFF9B3F891" blockId="4.[1103,1928,1818,2775]" box="[1393,1635,1818,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<heading id="D0C781BA8F76FFAB0709F8EFF9B3F891" allCaps="true" box="[1393,1635,1818,1848]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" reason="4">COMPARISONS</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0603F8BAFB5FF57E" blockId="4.[1103,1928,1818,2775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
The form of the quadratojugal and of the metatarsus of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB072AF888F992F80A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411317" box="[1362,1602,1917,1955]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
indicate that this specimen represents a tyrannosaurid. Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0720F82CF98CF856" box="[1368,1628,2009,2047]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0720F82CF98CF856" box="[1368,1628,2009,2047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 5027, LACM 23844 and MMS 51-2004) shows several cranial differences that appear significant: width of the posterior portion of the nasals; lachrymal-nasal articulation; frontal-prefrontal articulation; quadratojugal-quadrate articulation; relation of sagittal and supraoccipital crests. Other differences (e.g. in nasal form) may well be individual anomalies or age dependent features. These differences are reinforced by differences of proportion of the limb elements and of the form of the fibula. The limb element proportions match those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0537F60EFAF5F5E6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0537F60EFACFF5E6" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as do some of the cranial features (e.g. form of the horizontal ramus of the lachrymal) in which
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB0705F577F9BBF501" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411311" box="[1405,1643,2690,2728]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0518F577FB5FF57E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB0518F577FB5AF57E" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F665E8F76FFAB0291F5B1FE20F577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[237,1053,2422,2589]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F76FFAB0291F5B1FE20F577" blockId="4.[232,1055,2628,2782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB0291F5B1FE94F5C1" box="[233,324,2628,2664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Text</emphasis>
|
||
-fig.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB03DAF5B1FE0CF5C1" box="[418,476,2628,2664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">6—</emphasis>
|
||
Right fibula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F76FFAB00ABF5B1FE4BF526" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB00ABF5B1FC7EF5C1" box="[723,942,2628,2664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F76FFAB018CF5B1FE4BF526" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="106">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F76FFAB03C2F59EFD4EF526" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411321" box="[442,670,2667,2703]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="4" pageNumber="106" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
), in lateral aspect. Diagonal lines indicate broken surfaces. Bar represents 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F77FFAA036BFEB8FC84F94C" blockId="5.[225,1058,333,2775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA036BFEB8FD7FFEDA" author="Rozhdestvenskii, A. K." box="[275,687,333,371]" firstAuthor="Rozhdestvenskii" journalOrPublisher="Zhur" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="95 - 109" part="1965" refId="ref4970" refString="Rozhdestvenskii, A. K. 1965. Vozrastnaia izmenchivost i nekotori voprosi sistematiki dinozavrov azii. Paleontol. Zhur. 1965: 95 - 109." title="Vozrastnaia izmenchivost i nekotori voprosi sistematiki dinozavrov azii. Paleontol" type="journal article" year="1965">Rozhdestvenskii (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA01ACFEB8FDDBFE0A" baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA01ACFEB8FDDBFE0A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Tarbosaurus bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
postcranial material of immature specimens was more slender than that representing adult specimens, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA01DBFE2EFE80FD99" author="Russell, D. A." firstAuthor="Russell" journalOrPublisher="Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Paleontol" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref4997" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada. Natl. Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Paleontol. 1: 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a very similar situation for
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0190FDFFFD9EFDF7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0190FDFFFD99FDF7" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Rozhdestvenskii had also suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0386FD93FC74FD25" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[510,932,614,652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0386FD93FC74FD25" box="[510,932,614,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Albertosaurus lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be an immature
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA006EFD60FCBBFD12" box="[534,875,661,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA006EFD60FCB4FD12" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[534,868,661,699]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a suggestion with which Russell disagreed, pointing out that the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0144FD07FBCCFCB1" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[828,1052,754,792]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0144FD07FBCCFCB1" box="[828,1052,754,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed tightly interlocking cranial sutures and well developed supraoccipital alae, both of which indicated adulthood. Because
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA01DBFC8BFE9DFC7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411301" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
does not show tightly interlocking cranial sutures and does show more slender proportions than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA038BFBFCFD29FB86" box="[499,761,1033,1071]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA038BFBFCFD29FB86" box="[499,761,1033,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the reasons for not regarding it as an immature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0138FBC2FECBFB22" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0138FBC2FECBFB22" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be clearly stated. These are three: first, the supraoccipital alae are well-developed; second, the marked difference in the form of the prefrontal-frontal and the quadratojugal-quadrate articulations from those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0293FABBFE2DFADD" box="[235,509,1358,1396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Tyrannosaurus',</emphasis>
|
||
and third, the difference in form of the proximal fibula from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA01DFFA8EFE5DFA79" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA01DFFA8EFE58FA79" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Because the length of the fibula of
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA0291FA2DFE32FA57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411319" box="[233,482,1496,1534]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
is about 80% that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA01D2FA2DFBCCFA57" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[938,1052,1496,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA01D2FA2DFBCCFA57" box="[938,1052,1496,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">T. rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LACM 23844) I regard it as unlikely that the form of the articulations or the proximal part of the fibula could change in the required amount during the remaining growth, were
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA0290F94AFE08F94C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411312" box="[232,472,1727,1765]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
an immature
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0099F94AFC84F94C" box="[737,852,1727,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0099F94AFC9FF94C" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[737,847,1727,1765]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F77FFAA036AF91BFB6FFE0A" blockId="5.[225,1058,333,2775]" lastBlockId="5.[1097,1926,331,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Two Maestrichtian North American theropod taxa might accommodate this material, neither of them well known. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA01D7F8BFFC84F836" authority="(Gilmore, 1946)" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA01D7F8BFFDF8F836" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Albertosaurus lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA003EF88CFC99F836" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[582,841,1913,1951]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Smithson. Misc. Collect." pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref4664" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 106, 13: 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by the type skull and jaws, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA012EF85DFE20F852" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA012EF85DFE20F852" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Dryptosaurus aquilunguis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA0075F820FD05F852" author="Cope, E. D." box="[525,725,2005,2043]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila." pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="275 - 279" part="18" refId="ref4590" refString="Cope, E. D. 1866. Discovery of a gigantic dinosaur in the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 275 - 279." title="Discovery of a gigantic dinosaur in the Cretaceous of New Jersey" type="journal article" year="1866">Cope, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA0089F820FCECF852" author="Cope, E. D." box="[753,828,2005,2043]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="Am. Phil. Soc., Trans, (n. s.)" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 252" part="14" refId="ref4626" refString="-----. 1871. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Am. Phil. Soc., Trans, (n. s.) 14: 1 - 252." title="Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America" type="journal article" year="1871">1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) represented largely by incomplete postcranial elements. The recent assertion that many of the Maestrichtian dinosaurs of New Jersey in fact pertain to genera known from the Rocky Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B278F77FFAA0324F749FCFAF74B" author="Baird, D. & J. R. Horner" box="[348,810,2236,2274]" firstAuthor="Baird" journalOrPublisher="N. J. Acad. Sci. Bull." pageId="5" pageNumber="107" pagination="50" part="22" refId="ref4551" refString="Baird, D. and J. R. Horner. 1977. A fresh look at the dinosaurs of New Jersey and Delaware. N. J. Acad. Sci. Bull. 22: 50." title="A fresh look at the dinosaurs of New Jersey and Delaware" type="journal article" year="1977">Baird and Horner, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), emphasizes the possibility that
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA0041F71CFCF6F6A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411302" box="[569,806,2281,2319]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
might belong to
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA035AF6EDFDF6F697" box="[290,550,2328,2366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA035AF6EDFDF1F697" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[290,545,2328,2366]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryptosauridae" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dryptosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
There are some specific points of resemblance in the form of the astragalus and the manual claws, that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0194F681FE7EF661" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Reptilia" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilunguis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0194F681FE7EF661" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">D. aquilunguis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a poorly developed basal tubercle as well as the closest approach to
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA029DF608FE00F58A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411316" box="[229,464,2557,2595]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
in form of the proximal articular surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA03FBF5DFFDA1F5F9" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[387,625,2602,2640]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryptosauridae" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA03FBF5DFFDA1F5F9" box="[387,625,2602,2640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Dryptosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other form to have a ‘symmetrical’ proximal fibula, however the form and proportions of the rest of the fibula differ, and the ventral end is much more acute in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA071FFEBBF985FEDD" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1383,1621,334,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryptosauridae" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA071FFEBBF985FEDD" box="[1383,1621,334,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Dryptosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA0570FEBBFB6AFE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411303" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36D68F77FFAA0600FE59FA3FFAB1" blockId="5.[1097,1926,331,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Although recognizing that incomplete material of several of the forms here considered makes comparison difficult, there seem to be more resemblances to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA078AFDCFF935FDC9" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1522,1765,570,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA078AFDCFF935FDC9" box="[1522,1765,570,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0629FD92FA99FD24" box="[1105,1353,615,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0629FD92FA94FD24" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1105,1348,615,653]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryptosauridae" genus="Dryptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dryptosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specifically
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA043DFD92F8ECFD24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411308" box="[1605,1852,615,653]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0697FD63FA32FD15" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1263,1506,662,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0697FD63FA32FD15" box="[1263,1506,662,700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in: form and proportions of metatarsus; proportions of fibula; relation of sagittal to supraoccipital crest; form of horizontal ramus of lachrymal; form of distal fibula.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B583C8B8F77FFAA0775FCA5FA2CFCDF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396411322" box="[1293,1532,848,886]" collectingDateMax="1969" collectingDateMin="1967" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="LACM field party" country="United States" county="Garfield County" geologicalContext="Maestrichtian" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&StartAt=1&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&LimitPerPage=20&Search=Search& " location="D. Engdahl Ranch" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" preperations="limb material and fragments of the skull and jaws" specimenCode="LACM 23845" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
|
||
seems unique among tyrannosaurids in the subdued olecranal process of the ulna, the angulate proximal articulation of the manual claw, and the absence of a lachrymal ‘horn.’ Reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA04B0FBFFFBA7FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA04B0FBFFFBA7FBF7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">A. lancensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely on stratigraphic grounds: the material is too incomplete to support reference to taxa not otherwise know from the Maestrichtian, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0730FB36F896FB40" box="[1352,1862,1219,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0730FB36F9C2FB40" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1352,1554,1219,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0449FB36F896FB40" baseAuthorityName="Parks" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1585,1862,1219,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAC48F77FFAA0637FB07FA3FFAB1" box="[1103,1519,1266,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D558F77FFAA0637FB07FA3BFAB1" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1103,1515,1266,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |