treatments-xml/data/03/99/26/03992602C437FF9FFC17A61E0FBD6887.xml

<document id="9A4A8CBD6B91C059A35587896399F6F4" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0004" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4586447" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614969704831" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manchester, Steven R., Pigg, Kathleen B. &amp; Devore, Melanie L." docDate="2018" docId="03992602C437FF9FFC17A61E0FBD6887" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.1-2.45-54.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Concavistylon kvacekii Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFA05E7AC434FF9AFFD0A57A0E7C6948" masterDocTitle="Trochodendraceous Fruits And Foliage In The Miocene Of Western North America" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698881423441" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="C7DAA7B85B73946951E88B72C7E8DD1B">Trochodendraceous Fruits And Foliage In The Miocene Of Western North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12F7B941F0DA2D2EB789E85F74E3A457">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B2AF1F87A422979FEDF75E86912DA8F">Pigg, Kathleen B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="51EA286EEF3F8D04C043AE894301F1AC">School of Life Sciences and Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center (BioKIC), PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 - 4501, USA; e-mail: kpigg @ asu. edu.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="257AB401E70F02638786F48063D84911">Devore, Melanie L.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C437FF99FC17A61E0AB86A34" authority="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore, 2018" authorityName="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore" authorityYear="2018" box="[967,1220,868,892]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Concavistylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kvacekii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FC17A61E0AB86A34" bold="true" box="[967,1220,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Concavistylon kvacekii</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A277F67DC437FF99FB1BA61F0B5C6A35" box="[1227,1312,869,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FBF9A6FF0AC26AD5" blockId="3.[1065,1214,901,925]" box="[1065,1214,901,925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<figureCitation id="130B8B91C437FF99FBF9A6FF0AE96AD5" box="[1065,1173,901,925]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="4.[147,228,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[150,1463,151,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[617,1088,520,890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Concavistylon kvacekii gen. et sp. nov. from Moose Mountain flora, Oregon. a) Infructescence reflected light, holotype, UCMP 151875. b) Digital profile of the same infructescence, CT scan data, viewed through the sediment (rendered transparent) from behind. c) Raceme with several fruits showing styles concave toward fruit apex, UCMP 201233. d) Raceme with stout axis, UCMP 201232. e) Long slender specimen, with fruits spaced farther apart, possibly immature, UCMP 201231. f) Detail from (c), showing persistent styles, light microscopy. g) Detail from (b), CT scan surface rendering. Note 5 styles arising from upper left fruit. h) Infructescence with at least 18 fruits, reflected light, UF 18110-70163. i) Same specimen as (a), (b), (g), imaged with depth map rendering, showing apically opening capsules and 5 apically directed styles on each fruit, (j) same as (h), isosurface from CT scan data, showing apical opening of capsules. k) Depth map rendering of the specimen in (h), (j). Scale bars = 1 cm in (a–e), (h–j); 5 mm in (f), (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4586455/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Text-fig. 3</figureCitation>
a–k
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA6CE0B4C6A84" blockId="3.[858,1328,948,972]" box="[858,1328,948,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
H o l o t y p e. UCMP 151875 (
<figureCitation id="130B8B91C437FF99FB74A6CE0B5F6A84" box="[1188,1315,948,972]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="4.[147,228,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[150,1463,151,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[617,1088,520,890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Concavistylon kvacekii gen. et sp. nov. from Moose Mountain flora, Oregon. a) Infructescence reflected light, holotype, UCMP 151875. b) Digital profile of the same infructescence, CT scan data, viewed through the sediment (rendered transparent) from behind. c) Raceme with several fruits showing styles concave toward fruit apex, UCMP 201233. d) Raceme with stout axis, UCMP 201232. e) Long slender specimen, with fruits spaced farther apart, possibly immature, UCMP 201231. f) Detail from (c), showing persistent styles, light microscopy. g) Detail from (b), CT scan surface rendering. Note 5 styles arising from upper left fruit. h) Infructescence with at least 18 fruits, reflected light, UF 18110-70163. i) Same specimen as (a), (b), (g), imaged with depth map rendering, showing apically opening capsules and 5 apically directed styles on each fruit, (j) same as (h), isosurface from CT scan data, showing apical opening of capsules. k) Depth map rendering of the specimen in (h), (j). Scale bars = 1 cm in (a–e), (h–j); 5 mm in (f), (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4586455/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Text-fig. 3a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA69E0BCC6AB3" blockId="3.[820,1456,995,1051]" box="[858,1456,995,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FCE4A1790A076D53" blockId="3.[820,1456,995,1051]" box="[820,1147,1027,1051]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">PFN000102 (for new species).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA1490DE46D82" blockId="3.[820,1459,1074,1226]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
E t y m o l o g y. This species is named in honor of our friend, Zlatko Kvaček, recognizing his many contributions to paleobotany as well as his participation in the investigation of other fossil 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C437FF99FC22A1E80ACA6DE2" authorityName="PRANTL" authorityYear="1888" box="[1010,1206,1170,1194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Trochodendraceae</taxonomicName>
from western North America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA1980BCF6DB1" blockId="3.[820,1459,1249,1305]" box="[858,1459,1249,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Moose Mountain flora near</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FCE4A07B0A406C51" blockId="3.[820,1459,1249,1305]" box="[820,1084,1281,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
Cascadia, 
<collectingRegion id="49F459F6C437FF99FC72A07B0D896C51" box="[930,1013,1281,1305]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F327D784C437FF99FC2FA07B0A446C51" box="[1023,1080,1281,1305]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA04B0BCF6C00" blockId="3.[820,1459,1328,1384]" box="[858,1459,1328,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">T y p e h o r i z o n a n d a g e. Little Butte Volcanic</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FCE4A02A0A446C20" blockId="3.[820,1459,1328,1384]" box="[820,1080,1360,1384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Series, middle Miocene.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C437FF99FC8AA0FA0BD96C9F" blockId="3.[820,1459,1408,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">D i a g n o s i s. Infructescence axis relatively stout, pedicels very short, or fruits subsessile. Capsules 4 to 6 carpellate; styles persistent, concave toward the fruit apex.</paragraph>
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D i m e n s i o n s. Raceme 
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wide. Infructescence 
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long; capsules 
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high, 
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wide; styles 
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long, concave toward the fruit apex.
</paragraph>
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R e m a r k s. 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FC2FA3040AE86FDE" box="[1023,1172,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Concavistylon</emphasis>
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is a new genus of infructescence with a combination of characters found separately in the two extant genera of 
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, along with some unique features. The fruits are shortly pedicellate or subsessile, resembling 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FBF8A3850AD16E5E" box="[1064,1197,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Tetracentron</emphasis>
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which has sessile fruits. Unlike 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FC53A2650A746E7E" box="[899,1032,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Tetracentron</emphasis>
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, which has four basal tepals that persist even to fruiting stage, these fruits appear to lack perianth, and in this respect resemble 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FBFDA2240AB16E3E" box="[1069,1229,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Trochodendron</emphasis>
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. The number of styles is small (4–5; 
<figureCitation id="130B8B91C437FF99FC06A2040A386EDE" box="[982,1092,1918,1942]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="4.[147,228,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[150,1463,151,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[617,1088,520,890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Concavistylon kvacekii gen. et sp. nov. from Moose Mountain flora, Oregon. a) Infructescence reflected light, holotype, UCMP 151875. b) Digital profile of the same infructescence, CT scan data, viewed through the sediment (rendered transparent) from behind. c) Raceme with several fruits showing styles concave toward fruit apex, UCMP 201233. d) Raceme with stout axis, UCMP 201232. e) Long slender specimen, with fruits spaced farther apart, possibly immature, UCMP 201231. f) Detail from (c), showing persistent styles, light microscopy. g) Detail from (b), CT scan surface rendering. Note 5 styles arising from upper left fruit. h) Infructescence with at least 18 fruits, reflected light, UF 18110-70163. i) Same specimen as (a), (b), (g), imaged with depth map rendering, showing apically opening capsules and 5 apically directed styles on each fruit, (j) same as (h), isosurface from CT scan data, showing apical opening of capsules. k) Depth map rendering of the specimen in (h), (j). Scale bars = 1 cm in (a–e), (h–j); 5 mm in (f), (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4586455/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Text-fig. 3</figureCitation>
f–k) as in 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FB6DA2050B3E6EDE" box="[1213,1346,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Tetracentron</emphasis>
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(4) rather than more abundant (
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C437FF99FB8CA2E40A806EFE" box="[1116,1276,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Trochodendron</emphasis>
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). The dehiscence is apical by convergent loculicidal slits as in both extant genera. The distal displacement of the styles toward the edge of the gynoecium coincides with the development observed in both modern genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA1EAE5C430FF9EFE54A2130C656EC9" author="Endress, P. K." box="[388,537,1897,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" pagination="297 - 324" refId="ref6376" refString="Endress, P. K. (1986). Floral Structure, Systematics, and Phylogeny in Trochodendrales. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 73: 297 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2399115" type="journal article" year="1986">Endress 1986</bibRefCitation>
). However, the styles are curved inward toward the apex of the fruit, rather than turned outward as in Miocene and extant 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C430FF9EFD9AA2D30CB36E88" box="[586,719,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Tetracentron</emphasis>
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and 
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<emphasis id="B9444B06C430FF9EFF51A2B30F5D6EA9" box="[129,289,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Trochodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4FC79CC430FF9EFF43A3580F4F6E69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4586455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4586455/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" startId="4.[147,228,1570,1591]" targetBox="[150,1463,151,1536]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C430FF9EFF43A3580F4F6E69" blockId="4.[147,1463,1570,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Text-fig. 3. 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C430FF9EFED6A3580F956F7F" authority="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore, 2018" authorityName="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore" authorityYear="2018" box="[262,489,1570,1591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Concavistylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kvacekii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C430FF9EFED6A3580F956F7F" bold="true" box="[262,489,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Concavistylon kvacekii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A277F67DC430FF9EFE3FA3580CFF6F7F" box="[495,643,1570,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Moose Mountain flora, Oregon. a) Infructescence reflected light, holotype, UCMP 151875. b) Digital profile of the same infructescence, CT scan data, viewed through the sediment (rendered transparent) from behind. c) Raceme with several fruits showing styles concave toward fruit apex, UCMP 201233. d) Raceme with stout axis, UCMP 201232. e) Long slender specimen, with fruits spaced farther apart, possibly immature, UCMP 201231. f) Detail from (c), showing persistent styles, light microscopy. g) Detail from (b), CT scan surface rendering. Note 5 styles arising from upper left fruit. h) Infructescence with at least 18 fruits, reflected light, UF 18110-70163. i) Same specimen as (a), (b), (g), imaged with depth map rendering, showing apically opening capsules and 5 apically directed styles on each fruit, (j) same as (h), isosurface from CT scan data, showing apical opening of capsules. k) Depth map rendering of the specimen in (h), (j). Scale bars = 1 cm in (a–e), (h–j); 5 mm in (f), (g).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F9714C430FF9FFF76A2930FBD6887" blockId="4.[128,768,1897,2081]" lastBlockId="5.[106,745,151,463]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Infructescences that appear to represent 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C430FF9EFDB7A2930D7C6149" authorityName="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore" authorityYear="2018" box="[615,768,2025,2049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Concavistylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C430FF9EFDB7A2930D7C6149" box="[615,768,2025,2049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Concavistylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also known from the Eocene of Republic, Washington and McAbee, British 
<collectingCountry id="F327D784C430FF9EFB91A2130AD66EC9" box="[1089,1194,1897,1921]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Colombia</collectingCountry>
but in those occurrences the pedicels are longer whereas the fruits of the Moose Mountain species are subsessile. One such specimen was previously identified as the extant genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA1EAE5C430FF9EFADEA2B30DF86149" author="Manchester, S. &amp; Chen, Z. - D. &amp; Lu, A. - M. &amp; Uemura, K." pageId="4" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref7087" refString="Manchester, S. R, Chen, Z. - D., Lu, A. - M., Uemura, K. (2009): Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere. - Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47 (1): 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1759 - 6831.2009.00001. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Manchester et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
), but has been confirmed by CT scan to have fewer carpels (5–6) than modern 
<emphasis id="B9444B06C430FF9EFBA9AD730B586169" box="[1145,1316,2057,2081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C430FF9EFBA9AD730B5C6169" box="[1145,1312,2057,2081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Trochodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trochodendron</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
One specimen from Republic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA1EAE5C431FF9FFEF4A5ED0C4969F8" author="Manchester, S. R. &amp; Pigg, K. B. &amp; DeVore, M. L. &amp; Kvacek, Z. &amp; Dillhoff, R. M." box="[292,565,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" pagination="2017" refId="ref7223" refString="Manchester, S. R., Pigg, K. B., DeVore, M. L., Kvacek, Z., Dillhoff, R. M. (2017): Extinct character combinations in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of Washington and British Columbia. - Botany 2017 Abstracts, Fort Worth, TX, June 2017." type="journal article" year="2017">Manchester et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
) is particularly informative because it bears both fruits and foliage on the same twig, proving that a pinnately veined leaf 
<typeStatus id="548B29B6C431FF9FFDB9A5A20CEB69B8" box="[617,663,216,240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
similar to that of modern 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C431FF9FFEFAA5820FCD6847" box="[298,433,247,271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Trochodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aralioides">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C431FF9FFEFAA5820FCD6847" box="[298,433,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">T. aralioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was borne by the same plant as 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C431FF9FFF57A46D0F5C6867" authorityName="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore" authorityYear="2018" box="[135,288,279,303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Concavistylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C431FF9FFF57A46D0F5C6867" box="[135,288,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Concavistylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Such leaves also occur at McAbee where several 
<taxonomicName id="4C30EC97C431FF9FFF6CA44D0F296807" authorityName="Manchester &amp; Pigg &amp; Devore" authorityYear="2018" box="[188,341,311,335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Trochodendraceae" genus="Concavistylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trochodendrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9444B06C431FF9FFF6CA44D0F296807" box="[188,341,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Concavistylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infructescences have been recovered. We expected that similar leaves might be common in the Miocene of Moose Mountain, but only one such leaf is known in the collections, and its preservation is not good enough to be sure of its identity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>