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<mods:title id="506918370AAC6BFCBE8CB20E57685539">A review of the Hexactinellida (Porifera) of Chile, with the first record of Caulophacus Schulze, 1885 (Lyssacinosida: Rossellidae) from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3E8B40FFA358BFFB53FD80769F" authority="Carter, 1877" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,564,1190,1216]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Pararete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="farreopsis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFB53FD80769F" bold="true" box="[151,564,1190,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFB53FECA769F" bold="true" box="[151,382,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Pararete farreopsis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA359A6FB53FD98769F" author="Carter" box="[398,556,1190,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Carter, H. J. (1877) On two Vitreohexactinellid Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4), 19 (110), 121 - 131. [plate. IX]" type="journal article" year="1877">Carter, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3E8B40FFA358BFFB1BFE4B775C" authority="Carter, 1877: 122" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,511,1261,1283]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Eurete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="farreopsis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFB1BFEF2775C" box="[151,326,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Eurete farreopsis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10AC8B40FFA35964FB18FE4B775C" author="Carter" box="[332,511,1261,1283]" page="122" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35964FB18FE79775C" author="Carter" box="[332,461,1261,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Carter, H. J. (1877) On two Vitreohexactinellid Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4), 19 (110), 121 - 131. [plate. IX]" type="journal article" year="1877">Carter, 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 122
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</taxonomicName>
, pl. IX, figs. l7;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10AC8B40FFA35A99FB18FCC4775C" author="Schulze" box="[689,880,1261,1283]" page="295" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35A99FB18FC8A775C" author="Schulze" box="[689,830,1261,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 295
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. LXXIX, figs. 58.
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<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFAF8FE02777D" box="[151,438,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Eurete (Pararete) farreopsis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10AC8B40FFA35994FAF9FDEB777D" author="Levi" box="[444,607,1292,1314]" page="104" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35994FAF9FD99777D" author="Levi" box="[444,557,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report 7. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep- Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112. [plates. II - XI]" type="book chapter" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 104
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</taxonomicName>
, pl. VI, fig C;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10AC8B40FFA35AD9FAF9FC61777D" author="Tabachnick" box="[753,981,1292,1314]" page="172" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35AD9FAF9FC17777D" author="Tabachnick" box="[753,931,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1990) Hexactinellid sponges from the Nasca and Sala-y-Gomez. Trudi of the Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 124, 161 - 173." type="journal article" year="1990">Tabachnick 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3E8B40FFA358BFFADEFD18771F" authority="Reiswig &amp; Wheeler, 2002: 1315" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="1315" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,684,1322,1344]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Pararete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="farreopsis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFADEFEE8771F" box="[151,348,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Pararete farreopsis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10AC8B40FFA3594AFADFFD18771F" author="Reiswig" box="[354,684,1322,1344]" page="1315" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA3594AFADFFDDA771F" author="Reiswig" box="[354,622,1322,1344]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Wheeler, B. (2002) Family Euretidae Zittel, 1877. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to Classification of Sponges, Vol. 2. Kluver Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1301 - 1331." type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig &amp; Wheeler, 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 1315
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. l0.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32065368B40FFA358BFFA98FB4A74DE" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA358BFFA98FEBF77D9" bold="true" box="[151,267,1389,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was described based on a single specimen collected in the
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA35C62FA98FB7C77D9" box="[1098,1224,1389,1414]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Philippines</collectingCountry>
without a specific locality (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA358D6FA67FE2077F5" author="Carter" box="[254,404,1426,1450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Carter, H. J. (1877) On two Vitreohexactinellid Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4), 19 (110), 121 - 131. [plate. IX]" type="journal article" year="1877">Carter, 1877</bibRefCitation>
). Further records include a specimen collected E of Cebu Island,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA35C8DFA64FA9777F5" box="[1189,1315,1425,1450]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3E8B40FFA35D1FFA64FA2877F5" box="[1335,1436,1425,1450]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="421" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="galathea">Galathea</taxonomicName>
Expedition station 423) in
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35A00FA40FD1D7791" author="Levi" box="[552,681,1461,1486]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report 7. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep- Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 63 - 112. [plates. II - XI]" type="book chapter" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
), one in Little Ki Island, west of
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA35C18FA43FABA7791" box="[1072,1294,1461,1486]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35D37FA40FE8977AD" author="Reiswig" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Wheeler, B. (2002) Family Euretidae Zittel, 1877. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to Classification of Sponges, Vol. 2. Kluver Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1301 - 1331." type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig &amp; Wheeler, 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and records in
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA359DAFA2FFD1477AD" box="[498,672,1497,1522]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
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;
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E507A8B40FFA35B61FA2CFC5777AD" box="[841,995,1497,1522]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="167.2">167º1200” E</geoCoordinate>
) at
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35C90FA2CFA2C77AD" author="Levi" box="[1208,1432,1497,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P. (1982) Spongiaires Hexactinellides du Pacifique Sud-Ouest (Nouvelle-Caledonie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4), 4 (3 - 4), 283 - 317." type="journal article" year="1982">Lévi &amp; Lévi (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA35890FA08FF407449" box="[184,244,1533,1558]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Chile</collectingCountry>
this species has been recorded only in the Nazca ridge, by the RV Professor Shtockman, station 1957 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E507A8B40FFA358B7F9D4FE9A7465" box="[159,302,1569,1594]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-24.941666">24°5630” S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E507A8B40FFA3597FF9D4FE557465" box="[343,481,1569,1594]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-24.926666">24º55'36” S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E507A8B40FFA359D8F9D4FD3D7466" box="[496,649,1569,1594]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-88.52667">88°3136” W</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E507A8B40FFA35A9AF9D7FCF17465" box="[690,837,1570,1594]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" precision="15" value="-88.53001">88º31'48” W</geoCoordinate>
) at a depth of 350
<quantity id="4CC29B588B40FFA35C03F9D4FBC17466" box="[1067,1141,1569,1594]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35CADF9D4FAE17465" author="Tabachnick" box="[1157,1365,1569,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1990) Hexactinellid sponges from the Nasca and Sala-y-Gomez. Trudi of the Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 124, 161 - 173." type="journal article" year="1990">Tabachnick, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). This species was registered again by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4C8B40FFA35A24F9B0FD547401" box="[524,736,1605,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="424" refString="Parin, N. V., Mironov, A. N. &amp; Nesis, K. N. (1997) Biology of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the Eastern Pacific Ocean: composition and distribution of the fauna, its communities and history. Advances in Marine Biology, 32, 145 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 2881 (08) 60017 - 6" type="journal article">
Parin
<emphasis id="B94EEAAF8B40FFA35A79F9B3FD387402" box="[593,652,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
from material obtained in the expeditions of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the
<collectingCountry id="F32D762D8B40FFA35B22F99CFC8E74DD" box="[778,826,1641,1666]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="424">Sala</collectingCountry>
y Gomez and Nazca Ridges seamounts.
</paragraph>
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