226 lines
24 KiB
XML
226 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AE13D8197FB243B62BA8CA6E78A1E4BC">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349540FFA7CFF75BBBFDC921BF" ID-CoL="C5K6" ID-ENA="57979" authority="Nakamura, 1935" authorityName="Nakamura" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,560,438,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Alopiidae" genus="Alopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelagicus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF75BBBFDC921BF" bold="true" box="[151,560,438,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF75BBBFE9B21BE" bold="true" box="[151,354,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alopias pelagicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CE095BBBFDC921BF" author="Nakamura" box="[361,560,438,464]" firstAuthor="Nakamura" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref110269" refString="Nakamura, H. (1935) On the two species of the thresher shark from Formosan waters. Memoirs Faculty Science Taihoku Imperial University Formosa, 14, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1935">Nakamura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF75BD7FE65219B" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[151,412,474,500]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pelagic Thresher Shark</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349540FFA7CFF75BF3FDC32277" ID-CoL="C5K6" authority="Nakamura, 1935: 2" authorityName="Nakamura" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,570,510,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Alopiidae" genus="Alopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelagicus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF75BF3FEA42277" box="[151,349,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alopias pelagicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CE035BF3FDC32277" author="Nakamura" box="[355,570,510,537]" firstAuthor="Nakamura" page="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref110269" refString="Nakamura, H. (1935) On the two species of the thresher shark from Formosan waters. Memoirs Faculty Science Taihoku Imperial University Formosa, 14, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1935">Nakamura, 1935: 2</bibRefCitation>
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, 3, pl. 1, fig. 2.
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<typeStatus id="548088159540FFA7CD825BF3FCB42277" box="[738,845,510,536]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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: location unknown. Type locality: Su-Ao fish market,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279540FFA7CFA6582FFEE52253" box="[198,284,546,572]" name="Taiwan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF7584BFD2F229F" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF7584BFEA3220F" bold="true" box="[151,346,582,608]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349540FFA7CE09584BFDC9220F" ID-CoL="C5K6" authority=": D'Aubrey, 1964 a: 18" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1964" box="[361,560,582,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Alopiidae" genus="Alopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelagicus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CE09584BFDC9220F" box="[361,560,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alopias pelagicus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11999540FFA7CD5F584BFD2B229F" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CD5F584BFB92220E" box="[575,1131,582,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CD5F584BFCD4220F" author="D'Aubrey" box="[575,813,582,609]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="18" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey, 1964a: 18</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5 (Natal =
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349540FFA7CCB5584AFB99220F" authority="(Bonnaterre, 1788)" authorityName="Bonnaterre" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1788" box="[981,1120,582,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Alopiidae" genus="Alopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinnus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CCB5584AFB99220F" box="[981,1120,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. vulpinnus</emphasis>
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)
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CB18584AFF1C22EB" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CB18584AFA93220F" author="Bass" box="[1144,1386,582,609]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="34" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref93030" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="c">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CBD4584AFB1C220F" box="[1204,1253,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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., 1975c: 34
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CF915867FDD222EB" box="[241,555,618,644]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CF915867FE0222EB" author="Compagno" box="[241,507,618,644]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="229" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref95434" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1984a: 229</bibRefCitation>
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, fig
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</treatmentCitation>
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.;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CD5B5866FCA622EB" box="[571,863,618,645]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CD5B5866FD0822EB" author="Bass, A. J." box="[571,753,618,645]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref93212" refString="Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107." title="Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae" type="book" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">Bass, 1986: 102</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 16.1
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CC0B5867FB7122EB" box="[875,1160,618,644]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CC0B5867FB7122EB" author="Cliff & Wilson" box="[875,1160,618,644]" firstAuthor="Cliff" page="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref95251" refString="Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp." type="book" year="1986">Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 13</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CBF45867FEF222C7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CBF45867FF1C22C7" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="42" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
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Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CA765866FABE22EB" box="[1302,1351,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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., 1989: 42
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl
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</treatmentCitation>
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.;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CE7B5883FDEF22C7" box="[283,534,654,680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CE7B5883FDEF22C7" author="Compagno" box="[283,534,654,680]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="118" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 118</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CD415882FC7722C7" box="[545,910,654,681]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CD415882FC7722C7" author="Heemstra & Heemstra" box="[545,910,654,681]" firstAuthor="Heemstra" page="72" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref104374" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 72</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CCF95883FAAD22C7" box="[921,1364,654,681]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CCF95883FB2B22C7" author="Compagno" box="[921,1234,654,681]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="179" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
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Compagno
|
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CB7B5882FBB522C7" box="[1051,1100,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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., 2005: 179
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig., pl. 29
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CA005883FDF222A3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CA005883FEBE22A3" author="Ebert, D. A. & Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
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Ebert
|
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFA658BEFF0E22A3" box="[198,247,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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a: 226, fig., pl. 27
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CD7658BFFD2C22A3" box="[534,725,690,716]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CD7658BFFD2C22A3" author="NPOA" box="[534,725,690,716]" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="49" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 49</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CD8058BFFBD522A3" box="[736,1068,690,717]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CD8058BFFC0522A2" author="Ebert & Dando" box="[736,1020,690,717]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="57" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref99385" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert & Dando, 2014: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CB5B58BFFAAD22A3" box="[1083,1364,690,717]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CB5B58BFFAAD22A3" author="da Silva" box="[1083,1364,690,717]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="246" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
da Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CBFC58BEFB3422A3" box="[1180,1229,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015: 246
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CA0058BFFE35229E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CA0058BFFE35229E" author="Ebert & van Hees" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="145" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69540FFA7CEB758DBFD2B229F" box="[471,722,726,752]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CEB758DBFD2B229F" author="Weigmann, S." box="[471,722,726,752]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9540FFA7CFF758F7FC342357" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF758F7FBCF237B" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[151,1078,762,789]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF758F7FDFB237B" bold="true" box="[151,514,762,788]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279540FFA7CFF758F7FED6237B" box="[151,303,762,788]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
voucher material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729540FFA7CD7158F7FD9C237B" box="[529,613,762,788]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6247 [former
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729540FFA7CC6758F7FCCE237B" box="[775,823,762,788]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ORI</collectionCode>
|
||
2789],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729540FFA7CCEE58F7FC1B237B" box="[910,994,762,788]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
27436.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF75913FC342357" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[151,973,798,825]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF75913FE2A2357" bold="true" box="[151,467,798,824]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: KZN coast to the border with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279540FFA7CC525913FC332357" box="[818,970,798,824]" name="Mozambique" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9540FFA7CFF7594FFDEB23EF" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF7594FFAF52333" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[151,1292,834,861]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF7594FFEFD2333" bold="true" box="[151,260,834,860]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: Often confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349540FFA7CE9E594EFD842333" authorityName="Bonnaterre" authorityYear="1788" box="[510,637,834,861]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CE9E594EFD842333" box="[510,637,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Caught commercially in various fisheries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469540FFA7CB07594FFAF92333" author="NPOA" box="[1127,1280,834,860]" firstAuthor="NPOA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79540FFA7CFF7596BFDEB23EF" blockId="41.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[151,530,870,897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59540FFA7CFF7596BFE7D23EF" bold="true" box="[151,388,870,896]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: EN (2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |