108 lines
15 KiB
XML
108 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="338E3A579238D199C1281C3997593F5F" ID-CLB-Dataset="93670" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5162.4.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="128321bd-a7ea-413a-a233-9f52f34c31f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6810548" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657271795163" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kottelat, Maurice" docDate="2022" docId="039087DCFFCBFFAC2AE773795B4CE783" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5162.4.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5162 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophidium simack Walbaum 1792" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="446" masterDocId="FFA9FFA4FFCBFFAC2A7077695A5EE131" masterDocTitle="Mastacembelus simack, the valid name of the Mesopotamian spiny eel (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="446" pageNumber="446" updateTime="1699357014539" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="70631E82153A7FA7B09CB67958E45434">Mastacembelus simack, the valid name of the Mesopotamian spiny eel (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DB4FB47AAC02E1F5656AFFD4ECDC2376">Kottelat, Maurice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C410977AC97A1DC97899284AC3951717">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B5E7AADB2EFB466F239CEA1C28E2C89">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72B1ABB90EAF12BEE1747D9F27746333">2022-07-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="897241B9649A3A00063578897D8DD5B3">5162</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039087DCFFCBFFAC2AE773795B4CE783" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6810550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197215215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6810550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DCFFCBFFAC2AE773795B4CE783" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DCFFCBFFAC2AE773795B4CE783" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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<subSubSection id="C3236541FFCBFFAC2AE7737959DDE432" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8636CAFFCBFFAC2AE773795B30E51A" blockId="0.[151,1437,1040,1714]" box="[151,366,1040,1067]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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<heading id="D0CE81A6FFCBFFAC2AE773795B30E51A" bold="true" box="[151,366,1040,1067]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D49FFCBFFAC2AE773795B30E51A" ID-CoL="74P6K" authorityName="Walbaum" authorityYear="1792" box="[151,366,1040,1067]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Ophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simack">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC2AE773795B30E51A" bold="true" box="[151,366,1040,1067]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Ophidium simack</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636CAFFCBFFAC2AE7735F59DDE432" blockId="0.[151,1437,1040,1714]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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The Mesopotamian spiny eel was first mentioned in the literature by Alexander Russell (1715–1768) in his
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC2F6A735F5B73E543" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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Natural history of
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<collectingRegion id="49FDF828FFCBFFAC2A9173335B73E543" box="[225,301,1114,1138]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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under the local name ‘simak’ (1756: 75, pl. 12 fig. 2). A translation in Dutch by Laurens Theodorus Gronow [Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius in Latin] was published in 1762 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC291973175E79E5A6" author="Russell, A." box="[873,1063,1150,1175]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" pagination="8" refId="ref3944" refString="Russell, A. (1762) Naauwkeurige en natuurlyke beschryving van de stad Aleppo en van derzelver ommelanden, behelzende eene beschryving van die stad en der voornaamste natuurlyke voortbrengsels, de welke in derzelver natuurschap gevonden worden; waar by nog volgt eene verhandeling over het climaat, de manieren der inwooneren en der ziektens, voornaamlyk die der pest; waar by nog gevoegd zyn de middelen, waar door de Europeanen zich tegens der zelver besmetting beschutten. Uyt het engels vertaald door Mr. Laur. Theod. Gronovius. De Pecker & van Hoogevee, Leyden, [6] + 294 + [26] pp., 8 pls. [https: // books. google. com / books? id = CPBWAAAAcAAJ] https: // doi. org / 10.24157 / ARC _ 14236" type="journal article" year="1762">Russell, 1762: 88</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5 fig. 1) and only mentions the local name. The species was then reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC28E073CB5921E58A" author="Gronovius, L. T. & Zoophylacii Gronoviani" box="[656,895,1186,1211]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" refId="ref3304" refString="Gronovius, L. T. (1763 - 1764) Zoophylacii Gronoviani fasciculus primus exhibens animalia quadrupeda, amphibia atque pisces, quae in museo suo adservat, rite examinavit, systematice disposuit, descripsit atque iconibus illustravit Laur. Theod. Gronovius. Vol. 1 (1763) & Vol. 2 (1764). Sumptibus auctoris [published by author], Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], pp. 1 - 140, pls. 1 - 17 & pp. 141 - 236. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50229513]" type="url" year="1763">Gronovius (1763: 132</bibRefCitation>
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[n. 402], pl. 8a fig. 1a), whose text is based on a specimen received from Russell. No name is available from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC295873AF59B6E5EF" author="Gronovius, L. T. & Zoophylacii Gronoviani" box="[808,1000,1222,1246]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" refId="ref3304" refString="Gronovius, L. T. (1763 - 1764) Zoophylacii Gronoviani fasciculus primus exhibens animalia quadrupeda, amphibia atque pisces, quae in museo suo adservat, rite examinavit, systematice disposuit, descripsit atque iconibus illustravit Laur. Theod. Gronovius. Vol. 1 (1763) & Vol. 2 (1764). Sumptibus auctoris [published by author], Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], pp. 1 - 140, pls. 1 - 17 & pp. 141 - 236. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50229513]" type="url" year="1763">Gronovius (1763)</bibRefCitation>
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because this work has been rejected for nomenclatural purposes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2BD373825802E432" author="ICZN" box="[419,604,1258,1283]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" pagination="281 - 296" refId="ref3457" refString="ICZN. (1954) Opinion 261. Rejection for nomenclatorial purposes of the index to the " Zoophylacium Gronovianum " of Gronovius prepared by Meuschen (F. C.) and published in 1781. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 5 (22), 281 - 296. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34655082]" type="journal article" year="1954">ICZN, 1954: 281</bibRefCitation>
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[Opinion 261], 1987: 318).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3236541FFCBFFAC2AB772675B4CE783" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8636CAFFCBFFAC2AB772675BEFE4CF" blockId="0.[151,1437,1040,1714]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2AB772675BEAE417" author="Walbaum, J. J." box="[199,436,1294,1319]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" refId="ref5199" refString="Walbaum, J. J. (1792) Petri Artedi sueci Genera piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. A. F. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald], 723 pp., 3 pls. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4789596]" type="book" year="1792">Walbaum (1792: 159)</bibRefCitation>
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created the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D49FFCBFFAC280B72675966E417" authorityName="Walbaum" authorityYear="1792" box="[635,824,1294,1318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Ophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simack">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC280B72675966E417" box="[635,824,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Ophidium simack</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, accompanied by a description and this makes the name available. Walbaum did not examine specimens. His work in fact is a kind of updated version of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2EF6725B5F47E47A" author="Artedi, P." box="[1158,1305,1330,1355]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" refId="ref3087" refString="Artedi, P. (1738) Ichthyologia sive opera omnia de piscibus scilicet: Bibliotheca ichthyologica. Philosophia ichthyologica. Genera piscium. Synonymia specierum. Descriptiones specierum. Omnia in hoc genere perfectiora quam antea ulla posthuma vindicavit, recognovit, coaptavit et edidit Carolus Linnaeus. Wishoff, Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], 17 + 68 + 92 + 102 + 139 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49361993] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 153568" type="book" year="1738">Artedi (1738)</bibRefCitation>
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, to which he added species described after 1738; in doing this, Walbaum made available a number of names from pre-Linnean and/or non-binominal works of earlier authors. The description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D49FFCBFFAC297D72125929E4A3" authorityName="Walbaum" authorityYear="1792" box="[781,887,1402,1426]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Ophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simack">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC297D72125929E4A3" box="[781,887,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">O. simack</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in one of the addenda. Walbaum’s text is entirely based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2A8A72F75BE6E487" author="Gronovius, L. T. & Zoophylacii Gronoviani" box="[250,440,1438,1462]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" refId="ref3304" refString="Gronovius, L. T. (1763 - 1764) Zoophylacii Gronoviani fasciculus primus exhibens animalia quadrupeda, amphibia atque pisces, quae in museo suo adservat, rite examinavit, systematice disposuit, descripsit atque iconibus illustravit Laur. Theod. Gronovius. Vol. 1 (1763) & Vol. 2 (1764). Sumptibus auctoris [published by author], Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden], pp. 1 - 140, pls. 1 - 17 & pp. 141 - 236. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50229513]" type="url" year="1763">Gronovius (1763)</bibRefCitation>
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and includes reference to Russell (1756,1762), this means that Russell’s specimens (including the one given to Gronovius) are
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<typeStatus id="54828868FFCBFFAC2B9A72AA5819E4EA" box="[490,583,1475,1499]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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and the collecting site is the type locality. All material originated from river Coic [Queiq] in
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<collectingRegion id="49FDF828FFCBFFAC2B7B728F5B04E4CF" box="[267,346,1510,1534]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F32E765AFFCBFFAC2B18728F5BF8E4CF" box="[360,422,1510,1534]" name="Syria" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Syria</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636CAFFCBFFAC2AB771635B4CE783" blockId="0.[151,1437,1040,1714]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2AB771635BC5E712" author="Wheeler, A." box="[199,411,1546,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" pagination="91 - 92" refId="ref5265" refString="Wheeler, A. (1956) The type species of Mastacembelus and the second edition of Russell's " Natural history of Aleppo ". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 27, 91 - 92. [https: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / app / uploads / 2017 / 06 / 27 brm 091 - 092. pdf]" type="journal article" year="1956">Wheeler (1956: 92)</bibRefCitation>
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commented that
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D49FFCBFFAC28287163594BE713" authorityName="Walbaum" authorityYear="1792" box="[600,789,1546,1570]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Ophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simack">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC28287163594BE713" box="[600,789,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Ophidium simack</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is doubtfully binominal and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3BFFCBFFAC2E2171635F5CE712" author="Sufi, S. M. K." box="[1105,1282,1546,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" pagination="93 - 146" refId="ref5132" refString="Sufi, S. M. K. (1956) Revision of the Oriental fishes of the family Mastacembelidae. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 27, 93 - 146, pls. 13 - 26. [https: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / app / uploads / 2017 / 06 / 27 brm 093 - 146. pdf]" type="journal article" year="1956">Sufi (1956: 111)</bibRefCitation>
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that it is nonbinominal. The original description starts as «
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D49FFCBFFAC28FA71465917E777" authority=", Simack" authorityName="Simack" box="[650,841,1582,1607]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Ophidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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OPHIDIUm,
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD8FFCBFFAC288C71475917E777" box="[764,841,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="446">Simack</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, capite subconico,» etc., with the genus name in small capitals, comma, species name in italics, comma, followed by the description, or diagnosis, or synonymy. This format is consistent throughout the book, was not unique at that time, and nowadays the availability of these Walbaum names is not questioned.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |