253 lines
33 KiB
XML
253 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="0D41B309CC611ED2B9AAC3F11CE920E1" ID-CLB-Dataset="5413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bdf1524-8770-4733-9ac6-91184d0a6c29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928464" ID-ZooBank="B07019EC-366E-4388-B744-88F6584E7F7D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623433984144" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bohn, Jens Michael" docDate="2014" docId="038E87EBF343B319FF64FEC5FE1B294B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03841p591.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3841 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echinopsolus excretiospinosus Massin 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="587" masterDocId="FFB7FF93F34FB317FFF3FFACFF942B76" masterDocTitle="The Antarctic holothurian genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae): brood pouches, spermatozoa, spermatozeugmata and taxonomic implications" masterLastPageNumber="591" masterPageNumber="573" pageNumber="585" updateTime="1699010635251" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="650903466DD4FF03B00FAC9B0F3DFC37">The Antarctic holothurian genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae): brood pouches, spermatozoa, spermatozeugmata and taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="26E68B2AFBB2F867F7FABB4E9AF67509" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D5C54A73838F8865E0620BD04C11691F">Bohn, Jens Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6795AA03C2627540D383DFF7F57E85F1">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, D- 81247 München, Germany. E-mail: jens. m. bohn @ gmail. com Department Biologie II, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, D- 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail: hess @ bio. lmu. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B0927AE1A64FB505DF9386210D394389">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B836D7DF200B4A1C9AE67B5AE8C0E03A">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038E87EBF343B319FF64FEC5FE1B294B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110393" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5110393" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87EBF343B319FF64FEC5FE1B294B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87EBF343B319FF64FEC5FE1B294B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF64FEC5FD5F2AF5" blockId="12.[151,715,361,387]" box="[151,715,361,387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<heading id="D0D08191F343B31BFF64FEC5FD5F2AF5" bold="true" box="[151,715,361,387]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF64FEC5FD5F2AF5" bold="true" box="[151,715,361,387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFF5EFEC5FD5F2AF5" authority="Massin, 2010" authorityName="Massin" authorityYear="2010" box="[173,715,361,387]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excretiospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF5EFEC5FDB52AF5" bold="true" box="[173,545,361,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Echinopsolus excretiospinosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFDDBFEC5FD5F2AF5" author="Massin, C." box="[552,715,361,387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref9907" refString="Massin, C. (2010) On a small collection of Antarctic sea cucumbers (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea) from Leopold III Bay and vicinity. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 80, 261 - 275." type="journal article" year="2010">Massin, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6576F343B31BFF64FE1CFC682AB3" box="[151,1020,432,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF64FE1CFC682AB3" blockId="12.[151,1020,432,454]" box="[151,1020,432,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3711D3F343B31BFF64FE1CFC682AB3" box="[151,1020,432,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610ECF343B31BFF64FE1CFD052AB0" author="Massin, C." box="[151,657,432,454]" page="271" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" year="2010">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFF64FE1CFD052AB0" authority="Massin, 2010: 271" authorityName="Massin" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,657,432,454]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excretiospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF64FE1CFE592AB0" box="[151,461,432,454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Echinopsolus excretiospinosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFE20FE1CFD052AB0" author="Massin, C." box="[467,657,432,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref9907" refString="Massin, C. (2010) On a small collection of Antarctic sea cucumbers (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea) from Leopold III Bay and vicinity. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 80, 261 - 275." type="journal article" year="2010">Massin, 2010: 271</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 8A–D, 9A–B, pl. 1 (figs H–J).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6576F343B319FF64FE5FFE1B294B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF64FE5FFBC829C9" blockId="12.[151,1437,498,1027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF64FE5FFE9F297D" bold="true" box="[151,267,499,523]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Judging from the morphological details given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFCB3FE5EFC72297D" author="Massin, C." box="[832,998,498,523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref9907" refString="Massin, C. (2010) On a small collection of Antarctic sea cucumbers (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea) from Leopold III Bay and vicinity. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 80, 261 - 275." type="journal article" year="2010">Massin (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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, for instance position and arrangement of tube feet and morphology and arrangement of calcareous plates, a placement of this species within
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFAF6FDBAFA082958" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[1285,1436,534,558]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFAF6FDBAFA082958" box="[1285,1436,534,558]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Echinopsolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the current sense seems probable. But there are also some differences:
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFC36FD97FB0A2924" authorityName="Massin" authorityYear="2010" box="[965,1182,571,594]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excretiospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFC36FD97FB0A2924" box="[965,1182,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">E. excretiospinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has 10 tentacles, all of about the same size (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFE6EFDF2FDAE2901" author="Massin, C." box="[413,570,606,631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref9907" refString="Massin, C. (2010) On a small collection of Antarctic sea cucumbers (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea) from Leopold III Bay and vicinity. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 80, 261 - 275." type="journal article" year="2010">Massin 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), while in all other species of the genus, the two ventral tentacles are considerably smaller than the remaining. Furthermore, there are no hints for the presence of brood pouches, a genital papilla or any kind of modified spermatozoa in this species (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFC48FD0AFBC429C9" author="Massin, C." box="[955,1104,678,703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref9907" refString="Massin, C. (2010) On a small collection of Antarctic sea cucumbers (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea) from Leopold III Bay and vicinity. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 80, 261 - 275." type="journal article" year="2010">Massin 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF34FD66FF5F2F75" blockId="12.[151,1437,498,1027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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Albeit the striking similarities shared by these species, there are also considerable differences separating them. This applies first of all to the arrangement and shape of the tube feet (for details see
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<figureCitation id="131C2A78F343B31BFBBDFD42FB282871" box="[1102,1212,750,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Figs 6a–g</figureCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="C6A50346F343B31BFB07FD42FAA92871" box="[1268,1341,750,775]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1074,1097]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphological variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus species, own observations supplemented" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF586675F343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" tableUuid="DF586675F343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
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). Dorsal tube feet are either restricted to radial rows, or are irregularly scattered or are lacking almost entirely. Also the shape of the dorsal tube feet is variable, in some species they are cylindrical and have a well developed terminal sucking disc, while in others they are conical and lack a terminal disc. The ventral tube feet usually are restricted to distinct radial rows. A distinct tendency to form a ventral sole is noticeable, which may be delimited from the remaining body either by the arrangement of the tube feet or by a distinct bulge. A concomitant phenomenon is the reduction of the number of the mid-ventral tube feet to only a few at the anterior and posterior end of the ventral sole.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF586675F343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F" ID-Table-UUID="DF586675F343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF586675F343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" startId="12.[151,239,1074,1097]" targetBox="[156,1426,1157,1858]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF64FB9EFE192F1F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1073,1129]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF64FB9EFE9E2F3F" bold="true" box="[151,266,1074,1097]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
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Morphological variability of tube feet arrangement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFCA7FB9DFBAF2F3F" box="[852,1083,1073,1097]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFCA7FB9DFC772F3F" box="[852,995,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Echinopsolus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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, own observations supplemented by data from literature.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF343B31BFF6FFB29FA1D2C52" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<table id="F927C45DF3434CE8FF6FFB29FA062C34" box="[156,1426,1157,1858]" gridcols="8" gridrows="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFB29FA062FED" box="[156,1426,1157,1179]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
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<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFB29FEDF2FED" box="[156,331,1157,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFF6FFB29FF7F2FED" bold="true" box="[156,235,1157,1179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Species</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31FB29FC442FED" box="[706,976,1157,1179]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFCB1FB29FC442FED" bold="true" box="[834,976,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Echinopsolus</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFB02FA062FB2" box="[156,1426,1198,1220]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FFB02FE6B2FB2" box="[380,511,1198,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFE8FFB03FE552FB2" bold="true" box="[380,449,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">acutus</emphasis>
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</td>
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||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FDE9FB02FD342FB2" box="[538,672,1198,1220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFDE9FB02FDCD2FB2" authorityName="Ludwig & Heding" authorityYear="1935" box="[538,601,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocolochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollis">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFDE9FB02FDCD2FB2" bold="true" box="[538,601,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">mollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31FB02FCD62FB2" box="[706,834,1198,1220]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFD31FB02FCD62FB2" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[706,834,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acanthocola">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFD31FB02FCD62FB2" bold="true" box="[706,834,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">acanthocola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</td>
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||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC82FB02FC442FB2" box="[881,976,1198,1220]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFC82FB02FC5C2FB2" box="[881,968,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvipes">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFC82FB02FC5C2FB2" bold="true" box="[881,968,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">parvipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC00FB02FBFD2FB2" box="[1011,1129,1198,1220]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFC09FB02FBFD2FB2" box="[1018,1129,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Microchoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="splendidus">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFC09FB02FBFD2FB2" bold="true" box="[1018,1129,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">splendidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FB62FB02FB732FB2" box="[1169,1255,1198,1220]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFB62FB02FB732FB2" box="[1169,1255,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charcoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFB62FB02FB732FB2" bold="true" box="[1169,1255,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">charcoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FAFBFB02FA062FB2" box="[1288,1426,1198,1220]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF343B31BFAFBFB02FACA2FB2" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1914" box="[1288,1374,1198,1220]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koehleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF343B31BFAFBFB02FACA2FB2" bold="true" box="[1288,1374,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">koehleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFB74FA062F98" box="[156,1426,1240,1262]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFB74FA062F98" box="[156,1426,1240,1262]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Dorsal tube feet</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFAADFA062E40" box="[156,1426,1281,1334]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFAADFEDF2E40" box="[156,331,1281,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FFAADFE6B2E40" box="[380,511,1281,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">cylindrical</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FDE9FAADFD342E40" box="[538,672,1281,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">cylindrical to conical</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31FAADFC442E40" box="[706,976,1281,1334]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">--------large conical-------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC00FAADFA062E40" box="[1011,1426,1281,1334]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">------------small cylindrical------------</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFAE5FA062E08" box="[156,1426,1353,1406]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFAE5FEDF2E08" box="[156,331,1353,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Arrangement</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FFAE5FE6B2E08" box="[380,511,1353,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">single radial rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FDE9FAE5FC442E08" box="[538,976,1353,1406]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">-------------------scattered------------------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC00FAE5FA062E08" box="[1011,1426,1353,1406]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">single tube feet close to anterior end and around anus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFA3EFA062EDE" box="[156,1426,1426,1448]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFA3EFA062EDE" box="[156,1426,1426,1448]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Ventral tube feet</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FFA17FA062D78" box="[156,1426,1467,1550]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FFA17FEDF2D78" box="[156,331,1467,1550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Sole</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FFA17FD342D78" box="[380,672,1467,1550]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">-----------indistinct----------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31FA17FB732D78" box="[706,1255,1467,1550]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">----------------delimited by tube feet-----------------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FAFBFA17FA062D78" box="[1288,1426,1467,1550]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">delimited by bulge of body wall</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FF98EFA062D20" box="[156,1426,1570,1622]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FF98EFEDF2D20" box="[156,331,1570,1622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Lateral radii</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FF98EFE6B2D20" box="[380,511,1570,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">single row</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FDE9F98EFD342D20" box="[538,672,1570,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">single to double row</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31F98EFB732D20" box="[706,1255,1570,1622]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">---------------------single row--------------------------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FAFBF98EFA062D20" box="[1288,1426,1570,1622]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">double row</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FF9C6FA062D8C" box="[156,1426,1642,1786]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FF9C6FEDF2D8C" box="[156,331,1642,1786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Mid-ventral radius</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FF9C6FD342D8C" box="[380,672,1642,1786]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">---------double row----------</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31F9C6FB732D8C" box="[706,1255,1642,1786]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">double row restricted to anterior and posterior end of sole</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FAFBF9C6FA062D8C" box="[1288,1426,1642,1786]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">double row, often scattered in middle part of sole</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351734BFF3434CE8FF6FF8A2FA062C34" box="[156,1426,1806,1858]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<th id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FF6FF8A2FEDF2C34" box="[156,331,1806,1858]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">Sources</th>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FE8FF8A2FE6B2C34" box="[380,511,1806,1858]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFE8FF8A2FE6B2C52" author="Massin, C." box="[380,511,1806,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref9864" refString="Massin, C. (1992) Three new species of Dendrochirotida (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 62, 179 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Massin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FDE9F8A2FD342C34" box="[538,672,1806,1858]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFDE9F8A2FD0A2C34" author="Ludwig, H. & Heding, S. G." pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="123 - 214" refId="ref9776" refString="Ludwig, H. & Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Fusslose und dendrochirote Formen. In: Chun, C., Brauer, A., Vanhoffen, E. & Apstein, C. (Eds.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. Vol. 24. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany, pp. 123 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1935">Ludwig & Heding 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FD31F8A2FCD62C34" box="[706,834,1806,1858]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFD31F8A2FCBD2C52" author="Gutt, J." box="[706,809,1806,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref9412" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) - I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC82F8A2FC442C34" box="[881,976,1806,1858]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFC82F8A2FC302C34" author="Massin, C." box="[881,954,1806,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref9864" refString="Massin, C. (1992) Three new species of Dendrochirotida (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 62, 179 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Massin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FC00F8A2FBFD2C34" box="[1011,1129,1806,1858]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFC07F8A2FBCE2C52" author="Gutt, J." box="[1012,1114,1806,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref9412" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) - I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FB62F8A2FB732C34" box="[1169,1255,1806,1858]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFB62F8A2FB502C34" author="Ekman, S." box="[1169,1241,1806,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref9243" refString="Ekman, S. (1925) Holothurien. In: Odhner, T. (Ed.), Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Under the Direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskjold. Vol. 1. P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 1 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1925">Ekman 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C65DC3F3434CE8FAFBF8A2FA062C34" box="[1288,1426,1806,1858]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF343B31BFAFBF8A2FA1D2C52" author="Ekman, S." box="[1288,1417,1806,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="585" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref9243" refString="Ekman, S. (1925) Holothurien. In: Odhner, T. (Ed.), Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Under the Direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskjold. Vol. 1. P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 1 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1925">Ekman 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF341B319FF34FF3BFE1B294B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">
|
||
A great diversity exists also in the shape, size and arrangement of the calcareous deposits of the body wall of the species involved (see Tab. 5), although all of these deposits can be derived from simple multi-perforate plates. These perforated plates are very variable in size, are of an irregular, elongated or rounded outline and have a smooth, spiny or knobbed surface. In some species, these plates are strengthened, either by secondary thickening of the plate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FEF4FE85FE0A2A36" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[263,414,296,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Microchoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="splendidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FEF4FE85FE0A2A36" box="[263,414,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. splendidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or by adding a three-dimensional calcareous network resulting in multi-layered plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FA77FE85FEB62A12" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acanthocola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FA77FE85FEB62A12" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. acanthocola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FEDCFEE1FE3E2A12" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[303,426,332,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charcoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FEDCFEE1FE3E2A12" box="[303,426,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. charcoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FE4BFEE1FDA72A12" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1914" box="[440,563,332,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koehleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FE4BFEE1FDA72A12" box="[440,563,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. koehleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FDB2FEE1FD542A12" authorityName="Massin" authorityYear="1992" box="[577,704,333,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FDB2FEE1FD542A12" box="[577,704,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. parvipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C885FF341B319FCE3FEE0FCDF2A12" box="[784,843,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of plates in two layers, an outer layer of small flat to deep basket-like plates and a deeper layer of very large plates, is found in two species only (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FB02FEDDFAE52AFE" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[1265,1393,368,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charcoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FB02FEDDFAE52AFE" box="[1265,1393,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. charcoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF341B319FA77FEDDFF672ADA" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1914" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koehleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF341B319FA77FEDDFF672ADA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="587">E. koehleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), all others have plates of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD74F341B319FDB0FE38FD3D2ADA" box="[579,681,404,428]" pageId="14" pageNumber="587" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
|
||
present in the body wall, although there may be considerable differences between plates from different parts of the body. Also the arrangement of the calcareous deposits in the body wall is variable and ranges from very scattered to a test composed of multiple layers of plates. In four species, the arrangement of the plates is size-dependent, an increasing body size is accompanied by a decrease in number or size of plates, or both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |