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<document id="F567F345C80DAD32ECA4DC273571C1AD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221915" ID-ZooBank="FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460622491356" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Durán-Barrón, César G., Rosas, María V. &amp; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano" docDate="2013" docId="038E87E71E52FF87B3C3FB42FDBBFA1F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p193.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chrosiothes Simon 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FFB7FF9F1E5CFF88B354FFDCFF95FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1698334039497" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6C08D7193C02AD6C87FE017E614F8510">Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01C9BAB78FE85070D5E04C886124C9D6">Durán-Barrón, César G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1434CA2E6E79452E2D46DF4E66E1E03A">Rosas, María V.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038E87E71E52FF87B3C3FB42FDBBFA1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614399" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119569264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87E71E52FF87B3C3FB42FDBBFA1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E71E52FF87B3C3FB42FDBBFA1F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E52FF86B3C3FB42FE11FA9E" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF86B3C3FB42FE52FB18" blockId="14.[151,455,1182,1241]" box="[151,455,1182,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<heading id="D0D0819D1E52FF86B3C3FB42FE52FB18" bold="true" box="[151,455,1182,1208]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B3C3FB42FE52FB18" ID-CoL="3PCX" ID-ENA="233295" authority="Simon, 1894" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,455,1182,1208]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B3C3FB42FE52FB18" bold="true" box="[151,455,1182,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B3C3FB42FEBDFB18" bold="true" box="[151,296,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Chrosiothes</emphasis>
Simon, 1894
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF86B3C3FB1DFEBEFB79" blockId="14.[151,455,1182,1241]" box="[151,299,1217,1241]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B3CBFB1DFF7FFB79" box="[159,234,1217,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[274,1299,214,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[230,1355,194,1928]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
AC)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF86B3C3FAD5FE11FA9E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1289,1342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
Simon, 1894. Historie Naturelle des Araignées, vol. 1, p. 521.
<typeStatus id="549C88531E52FF86B05FFAD6FCA8FABF" box="[779,829,1290,1311]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Type</typeStatus>
species by original designation and monotypy:
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B64BFAD6FEDFFA9D" authority="Simon, 1894" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvaticus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B64BFAD6FAA5FABF" box="[1311,1328,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B668FAD5FA09FABF" box="[1340,1436,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">silvaticus</emphasis>
Simon, 1894
</taxonomicName>
, ibid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E52FF86B3C3FAB6FEE9F966" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF86B3C3FAB6FEE9F966" blockId="14.[151,1436,1386,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B3C3FAB6FE84FA23" bold="true" box="[151,273,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Opisthosoma with a leaf-like and spotted color pattern on dorsum (
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B741FAB6FBCCFA22" box="[1045,1113,1386,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[245,1334,377,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1354,339,1887]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Carapace. A, Latrodectus geometricus Ƥ (dorsal view); B, L. geometricus Ƥ (lateral view); C, Stemmops orsus Ƥ (dorsal view); D, S. orsus Ƥ (lateral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221921/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A, C). In other genera, there exists a pattern made by silver spots that form longitudinal bands (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B09BFA52FBDFFA06" box="[975,1098,1422,1446]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B09BFA52FBDFFA06" box="[975,1098,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Thwaitesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B730FA52FB21FA06" box="[1124,1204,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[210,1398,210,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[172,1424,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Spintharus flavidus Ƥ; B, Stemmops orsus Ƥ; C, S. ornata Ƥ; D, Thwaitesia bracteata Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221924/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
D, 10A), or spotting and points without a defined pattern (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B12BFA68FD4AFA6B" box="[639,735,1460,1483]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B12BFA68FD4AFA6B" box="[639,735,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Episinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B1AEFA6EFCA8FA6A" box="[762,829,1458,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[274,1299,214,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[230,1355,194,1928]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
DF). The patella IIV presents each an outer lateral tubercle conspicuous, while in all remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B1FDFA0AFCA7FA4E" box="[681,818,1494,1518]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spintharinae">spintharinae</taxonomicName>
genera tubercles are inconspicuous (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B676FA0BFA06FA4E" box="[1314,1427,1495,1518]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Stemmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B676FA0BFA06FA4E" box="[1314,1427,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Stemmops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B3CBFA26FF7AF9B2" box="[159,239,1530,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[210,1398,210,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[172,1424,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Spintharus flavidus Ƥ; B, Stemmops orsus Ƥ; C, S. ornata Ƥ; D, Thwaitesia bracteata Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221924/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
BC). The cymbium of pedipalp is triangular in shape, while oval (other
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B716FA26FB44F9B2" box="[1090,1233,1530,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spintharinae">Spintharinae</taxonomicName>
) or sickle-shaped (Latrodectinae). A sheet-like web shape is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B1BBF9C2FCE0F996" box="[751,885,1566,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B1BBF9C2FCE0F996" box="[751,885,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Chrosiothes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Eberhard
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B0A1F9FCFBBBF996" box="[1013,1070,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
2008, figs. 8AE; 9AE), while the remaining genera have an irregular or “H”-like web (Eberhard
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B0C4F998FC5FF9FB" box="[912,970,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
2008, fig. 10AC). Levi (1954b; 1964b) and Levi and Levi (1962) report the presence of humps in the opisthosoma as a diagnostic character, however, we recognize that some species lack humps (
<figureCitation id="131C2A741E52FF86B13AF956FD25F902" box="[622,688,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[274,1299,214,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[230,1355,194,1928]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
AB), therefore this character would not be useful to diagnose all
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B3C3F972FE88F966" box="[151,285,1710,1734]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B3C3F972FE88F966" box="[151,285,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Chrosiothes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E52FF86B393F90EFC54F8AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF86B393F90EFC54F8AE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1386,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B393F90EFEF5F94B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1746,1771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainly in tropical areas. Occurs almost exclusively in the New World but the distribution includes countries like
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B2CDF92AFE4AF8AE" box="[409,479,1782,1806]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B2BEF92BFDA7F8AE" box="[490,562,1783,1806]" name="South Korea" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B169F92BFDE8F8AE" box="[573,637,1783,1806]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B1E7F92AFC90F8AE" box="[691,773,1782,1806]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Platnick 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E52FF87B393F8C6FDBBFA1F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836F11E52FF87B393F8C6FDBBFA1F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1386,2022]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,1471]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B393F8C6FD08F893" bold="true" box="[199,669,1818,1843]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">
Material examined.
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E52FF86B2EDF8C6FD08F893" box="[441,669,1818,1843]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chirica">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E52FF86B2EDF8C6FD08F893" bold="true" box="[441,669,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">Chrosiothes chirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B1F9F8C6FC8BF892" box="[685,798,1818,1842]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
, [Parque Nacional] Desierto de los Leones, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E52FF86B64EF8C6FF3BF8F6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" precision="15" value="19.253334">19° 15' 12&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E52FF86B3EEF8E2FEF4F8F6" box="[186,353,1854,1878]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" precision="15" value="-99.33083">99° 19' 51&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
], Distrito Federal,
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B161F8E2FD42F8F6" box="[565,727,1854,1878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1946-04-23">23 April 1946</date>
, J. C. &amp; D. L. Pallister, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E52FF86B7C1F8E3FB61F8F7" box="[1173,1268,1854,1879]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="185">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
, Utah, Hughes Canyon,
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B3A8F8BEFE01F8DA" box="[252,404,1890,1915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1934-05-20">20 May 1934</date>
, H. W. Levi, 4 3 and 12 immature (AMNH); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B76DF8BEFB47F8DA" box="[1081,1234,1890,1915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1934-05-20">20 May 1934</date>
, Wilton Ivie, 8 3, 4 Ƥ and 4 immature (AMNH); Utah, Hughes Canyon,
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B1ADF85AFC04F83E" box="[761,913,1926,1950]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1935-06-29">29 June 1935</date>
, H. W. Levi, 4 3, 2 Ƥ (AMNH); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B3C3F876FEA6F862" box="[151,307,1962,1986]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1935-06-29">29 June 1935</date>
, H. W. Levi, 1 3 y 6 immature (AMNH); Arizona, White Mountains,
<quantity id="4CDF9B141E52FF86B708F876FB34F862" box="[1116,1185,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7358848" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" unit="mi" value="17.0">17 mi</quantity>
. NE Whiteriver,
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B630F876FE92F846" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1940-07-08" valueMax="1940-07-10" valueMin="1940-07-08">810 July 1940</date>
, J. M. Gertsch, 1 Ƥ (AMNH); Arizona, Santa Rita Mountains, Madera Canyon,
<date id="FF9910311E52FF86B7DDF812FA88F846" box="[1161,1309,1998,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="185" value="1940-07-16">16 July 1940</date>
, Getrsch &amp; Hook, 1 Ƥ (AMNH); Utah, Mill Creek Canyon 1 to 2 min up,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E53FF87B0D5FF4BFC62FF0F" box="[897,1015,151,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" precision="925" value="40.666668">40° 40´N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350361E53FF87B756FF4BFB1EFF0F" box="[1026,1163,151,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" precision="925" value="-111.71667">111° 43´W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B7CDFF4BFAC3FF0F" box="[1177,1366,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1941-08-21">21 August 1941</date>
, J. C. Chamberlin, 1 Ƥ (AMNH); Arizona, Rustlers Cam, Chiricahua Mountains,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B0B8FF60FBE3FF74" box="[1004,1142,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1952-06-01">1 June 1952</date>
, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch &amp; R. Schrammel, 1 3 (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B2D1FF03FE7FFF57" box="[389,490,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (AMNH); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B04EFF03FC32FF57" box="[794,935,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1952-06-01">1 June 1952</date>
, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch &amp; R. Schrammel, 2 immature (AMNH); Colorado, Piedra, County of Archuleta,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B001FED8FC7AFEBC" box="[853,1007,260,284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1952-07-21">21 July 1952</date>
, L. R. &amp; H. W. Levi, 1 3 (AMNH).
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B3C3FEFBFE32FEE0" box="[151,423,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portalensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3FEFBFE32FEE0" bold="true" box="[151,423,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Chrosiothes portalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B2E2FEFBFDB2FE9F" box="[438,551,295,319]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
, Nayarit, a 15 min. al N de Tepic,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B0FBFEFBFBD1FE9F" box="[943,1092,295,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1954-07-25">25 July 1954</date>
, W. J. Gertsch, 1 3 (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B665FEFBFA00FE9F" box="[1329,1429,295,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) (MCZ); Jalisco, [Mpio. La Huerta, San Patricio], Estación de Biología Chamela, [Km 59 Carretera federal 200, Barra de Navidad-Puerto Vallarta],
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B164FEB3FD5DFE27" box="[560,712,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1989-07-12">12 July 1989</date>
, S. Guzmán, 1 Ƥ (CNAN); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B7E8FEB3FAE2FE27" box="[1212,1399,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1989-08-20">20 August 1989</date>
, S. Guzmán, 1 Ƥ (CNAN).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B2F6FE49FE6BFE0C" box="[418,510,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
, Arizona, County of Cochise, Chiricahua Mountains, S WRS, Cave Creck Canyon,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B3C3FE64FEBFFE6F" box="[151,298,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1856-08">August 1856</date>
, A. F. Archer, 1 Ƥ (AMNH); Arizona, Chiricahua Mountains, Rustler Camp, 0
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B7F1FE6BFAC2FE6F" box="[1189,1367,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-10-09">9 October 1950</date>
, W. J. Gertsch, 14 immature (AMNH); Arizona, County of Cochise, Southwestern Research Sta,
<quantity id="4CDF9B141E53FF87B7C0FE00FB5EFE54" box="[1172,1227,476,500]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
. of West of Portal,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B3C3FE23FEF9FDB7" box="[151,364,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1955-08-05" valueMax="1955-08-15" valueMin="1955-08-05">515 August 1955</date>
, M. J. Gertsch, 3 (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B11DFE23FD24FDB7" box="[585,689,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B056FE23FCF3FDB7" box="[770,870,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) (AMNH); same data but 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B785FE23FAA0FDB7" box="[1233,1333,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) (MCZ).
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B3C3FDFFFE01FD9C" box="[151,404,547,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvaticus">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B3C3FDFFFE01FD9C" bold="true" box="[151,404,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Chrosiothes silvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B2F7FDF8FDBBFD9C" box="[419,558,548,572]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
, Machala, Buenavista
<quantity id="4CDF9B141E53FF87B07FFDF8FCE7FD9C" box="[811,882,548,572]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
S.E.,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B0E2FDF8FB1AFD9C" box="[950,1167,548,572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1942-11-11">11 November 1942</date>
, Moore, E., 1 3 (MCZ- 83505).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B3A0FD9BFE0EFDFF" box="[244,411,583,607]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
, San José, San Antonio de Escazu,
<quantity id="4CDF9B141E53FF87B07EFD9BFC11FDFF" box="[810,900,583,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
., W. Eberhard, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83502); Provincia de Cartago, [Town of] Turrialba,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B2A2FDB0FC80FD24" box="[502,789,620,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1965-07-23" valueMax="1965-08-15" valueMin="1965-07-23">23 July15 August 1965</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83503).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B7B3FDB0FA0DFD24" box="[1255,1432,620,644]" name="Guatemala" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
, [Department Alta Verapaz], [Municipality] Cobán,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B1B1FD53FCCCFD07" box="[741,857,655,679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1947-07">July 1947</date>
, C. &amp; P. Vaurie, 1 3 (AMNH).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B787FD4CFAD8FD08" box="[1235,1357,656,680]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B1DBFD68FCC7FD6C" box="[655,850,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1934-06-23" valueMax="1934-06-30" valueMin="1934-06-23">2330 June 1934</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83880); Canal Zone,
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B3C3FD0BFF55FD4F" box="[151,192,727,751]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Isla</collectingCountry>
Barro Colorado,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B2D9FD0BFD1AFD4F" box="[397,655,727,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1934-06-16" valueMax="1934-07-15" valueMin="1934-06-16">16 June15 July 1934</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 3 Ƥ (MCZ-83881); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B2F1FD20FDFEFCB4" box="[421,619,764,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1936-06-25" valueMax="1936-06-28" valueMin="1936-06-25">2528 June 1936</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 3 Ƥ, 1 immature (MCZ-83890); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B626FD20FE92FC97" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1936-07-07" valueMax="1936-07-09" valueMin="1936-07-07">79 July 1936</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83889); Canal Zone,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B007FCC3FC73FC97" box="[851,998,799,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1936-07-28">28 July 1936</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 2 Ƥ (MCZ-83891); El Valle,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B3ABFC98FEE5FCFC" box="[255,368,836,860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1936-07">July 1936</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 3 (MCZ-83509); Barro Colorado Island, [Lago Gatún], Canal Zone,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B626FC98FEBCFCDF" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1936-08-06" valueMax="1936-08-09" valueMin="1936-08-06">69 August 1936</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 3 (MCZ-83884); Barro Colorado Island, [Lago Gatún], Canal Zone,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B648FCBBFF47FC04" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1939-06-23" valueMax="1939-06-30" valueMin="1939-06-23">2330 June 1939</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 3 (MCZ-83894); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B78DFC50FA0DFC04" box="[1241,1432,908,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1939-07-28" valueMax="1939-07-31" valueMin="1939-07-28">2831 July 1939</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83883); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B79EFC6CFAD1FC67" box="[1226,1348,943,967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-06">June 1950</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 2 Ƥ (MCZ-83886); same data but
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B1FCFC09FC8BFC4C" box="[680,798,980,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-06">June 1950</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83888); [Barro Colorado Island, Lago Gatún], Canal Zone, Summit,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B1D8FC2BFCD4FBAF" box="[652,833,1015,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-07-07" valueMax="1950-07-10" valueMin="1950-07-07">710 July 1950</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83882); Canal Zone, Sumit,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B3BFFBC0FE47FB94" box="[235,466,1052,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-08-16" valueMax="1950-08-17" valueMin="1950-08-16">1617 August 1950</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 3 (MCZ-83885); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B3BDFB9CFEE9FBF7" box="[233,380,1087,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1950-08">August 1950</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ, (MCZ-83893); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B6D4FBE3FE9FFBDC" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1954-07-22">22 July 1954</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83892); [Prov. Chiriquí], [Town] Boquete,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B724FBB8FAD2FBDC" box="[1136,1351,1124,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1954-08-04" valueMax="1954-08-11" valueMin="1954-08-04">411 August 1954</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ, (MCZ-83508); Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B7D6FB5BFAD6FB3F" box="[1154,1347,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1954-08-21">21 August 1954</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83887). Canal Zone, [Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B76FFB71FB25FB64" box="[1083,1200,1196,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1964-05">May 1964</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 3 Ƥ (MCZ-83895); Barro Colorado Island, [Lago Gatún], Canal Zone,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B0FAFB13FB1CFB47" box="[942,1161,1231,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1967-03-17" valueMax="1967-03-19" valueMin="1967-03-17">1719 March 1967</date>
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83507); [Canal Zone, Lago Gatún], Barro Colorado Island,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B0D8FB28FBB3FAAC" box="[908,1062,1268,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1973-06-21">21 June 1973</date>
, Y. Lubin, (MCZ-83504); [Barro Colorado Island, Lago Gatún, Canal Zone], A. M. Chickering, 1 3, 1 Ƥ (MCZ-83896).
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B732FAC4FB57FA90" box="[1126,1218,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
, Florida, County of Hernando, Brooksville,
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B2F9FAE0FDEAFAF4" box="[429,639,1340,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1935-02-25">25 February 1935</date>
, Barrows, 1 3 (
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B016FAE0FC32FAF4" box="[834,935,1340,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (AMNH).
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B760FAE7FA86FAF4" box="[1076,1299,1339,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonala">
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E53FF87B760FAE7FA86FAF4" bold="true" box="[1076,1299,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">Chrosiothes tonala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E53FF87B672FAE0FA02FAF4" box="[1318,1431,1340,1364]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="186">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
, Jalisco, [Mpio. La Huerta, San Patricio], Estación de Biología Chamela, [Km. 59 Carretera federal 200, Barra de Navidad-Puerto Vallarta],
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B298FA58FD19FA3C" box="[460,652,1412,1436]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1990-09">September 1990</date>
, W. Eberhard, 2 Ƥ (MCZ); Chiapas,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E53FF87B709FA58FB3EFA3C" box="[1117,1195,1412,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrosiothes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonala">Tonalá</taxonomicName>
, August
<date id="FF9910311E53FF87B649FA58FA09FA3C" box="[1309,1436,1412,1436]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" value="1909-01-03">1909, 1 3</date>
(
<typeStatus id="549C88531E53FF87B3CBFA7BFE92FA1F" box="[159,263,1447,1471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 1 Ƥ (allotype) (AMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>