187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="DE6F3701533989C2E73D23FA473BA772" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077005" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624770600" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="THANDAR, AHMED S." docDate="2007" docId="038E87BBFFB7FFADD0A18C08C41EBF0A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01414p062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1414 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chiridota durbanensis Thandar 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFB7FFC3FF8EFF94D0368D25C713B858" masterDocTitle="Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698992838850" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="15B8CADA9CFDCB2A1D7E56019B3FA18E">Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="057BAF32937C449EA041713C459E5FD8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3DEB0AF4E6460BC9FC0B3A8571B88CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FBF01D208EF9B9E706505C3198D50451">THANDAR, AHMED S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="14DA2E69F225BC560C483AA3DD614B38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="375AA023CE0FD276C1A9CAC0AB716A62">
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<mods:title id="327725FBE195A3779EA8ED1C8361E412">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B5A7879DFA55567F4ACFD713D1EB3996">
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<mods:date id="D7ED81D0666310BFC898E75F705729D2">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BC644E2F7F496F632E736CE8D6FE5EFD">2007-03-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="B4149A8FFBED005B14D8A4C4C129FF23" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ADA754D32B4E61F8C5BE0E25C198AD92">1414</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="16E58A76ACA0E54AC2BA5C46F1B9212E" type="issue">
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<mods:start id="C3B5CBFCD860ECA8C671C85A11C9ED24">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0F69B085F94A8E444CCBA1C94739DC20">62</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B8C2DA9365A33998EDB0F46444CF1317">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C4C80C06D66B0C000EF235424C24990C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8930EE010E26EAEDEEE3C2458DB8030F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="16002D831763592131DF7BE1AB99FBA3" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87BBFFB7FFADD0A18C08C41EBF0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5076952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5076952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFB7FFADD0A18C08C41EBF0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87BBFFB7FFADD0A18C08C41EBF0A" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFB7FFADD0A18C08C571B91F" box="[151,610,301,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18C08C571B91F" blockId="57.[151,610,301,327]" box="[151,610,301,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0D081C1FFB7FFADD0A18C08C571B91F" bold="true" box="[151,610,301,327]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD0A18C08C571B91F" ID-CoL="69TB2" authority="Thandar, 1996" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,610,301,327]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="durbanensis">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18C08C571B91F" bold="true" box="[151,610,301,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18C08C6B6B91F" bold="true" box="[151,421,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiridota durbanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB7FFADD19B8C08C571B91F" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[429,610,301,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="208 - 214" refId="ref31169" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1996) Chiridota durbanensis new species and a new record of Neothyonidium arthroprocessum from the east coast of South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 31, 208 - 214." type="journal article" year="1996">Thandar, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFB7FFADD0A18C5DC5C9B9D7" box="[151,730,376,399]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18C5DC5C9B9D7" blockId="57.[151,730,376,399]" box="[151,730,376,399]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FFB7FFADD0A18C5DC5C9B9D7" box="[151,730,376,399]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFB7FFADD0A18C5DC573B9D7" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[151,608,376,399]" page="208" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1996">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD0A18C5DC573B9D7" ID-CoL="69TB2" authority="Thandar, 1996: 208" authorityName="Thandar" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,608,376,399]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="durbanensis">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18C5DC694B9D7" box="[151,391,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiridota durbanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB7FFADD1B88C5DC573B9D7" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[398,608,376,399]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="208 - 214" refId="ref31169" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1996) Chiridota durbanensis new species and a new record of Neothyonidium arthroprocessum from the east coast of South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 31, 208 - 214." type="journal article" year="1996">Thandar, 1996: 208</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1 & 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFB7FFADD0A18CE5C41EBF0A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18CE5C678BA5A" blockId="57.[151,363,448,514]" box="[151,363,448,514]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFB7FFADD0A18CE5C674BA5A" box="[151,359,448,514]" collectionCode="SAM-A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="SAM-A27712" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18CE5C7DDB981" box="[151,206,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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||
<typeStatus id="549C880FFFB7FFADD0A18CE5C7DDB981" box="[151,206,448,473]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB819ED6FFB7FFADD08A8CCDC674BA5A" box="[188,359,488,514]" collectionCode="SAM-A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">SAM-A27712</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18F1DC441BA22" blockId="57.[151,850,568,634]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFB7FFADD0A18F1DC441BA22" collectionCode="KZN" country="South Africa" elevation="20" location="Cave Rock" municipality="Durban Bluff" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="20" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18F1DC63EBA09" box="[151,301,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="549C880FFFB7FFADD0A18F1DC7DDBA09" box="[151,206,568,593]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF86076FFB7FFADD08A8F45C653BA22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFB7FFADD0A18C08C41EBF0A:8EF86076FFB7FFADD08A8F45C653BA22" box="[188,320,608,634]" country="South Africa" municipality="Durban Bluff" name="Cave Rock" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cave Rock</location>
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, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCACD7FFB7FFADD1428F45C500BA22" box="[372,531,608,634]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Durban Bluff</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFB7FFADD2298F45C54DBA22" box="[543,606,608,634]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">KZN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFB7FFADD25C8F45C417BA22" box="[618,772,608,634]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFB7FFADD3398F45C441BA22" box="[783,850,608,634]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD3398F45C45DBA22" box="[783,846,608,634]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="20.0">
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||
<elevation id="000AD19EFFB7FFADD3398F45C45DBA22" box="[783,846,608,634]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18F95C685BAAA" blockId="57.[151,542,688,754]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18F95C50DBA91" box="[151,542,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Previous southern African record</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="549C880FFFB7FFADD08A8FFDC7E5BAAA" box="[188,246,728,754]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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locality only.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18E0DC666BB19" blockId="57.[151,1435,808,914]" box="[151,373,808,833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18E0DC666BB19" box="[151,373,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0F08E75C6BDBBCA" blockId="57.[151,1435,808,914]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFB7FFADD0F08E75C635BB32" box="[198,294,848,874]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">SAM-A</collectionCode>
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27952, south of South Pier, Durban Bay,
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFB7FFADD3778E75C46FBB32" box="[833,892,848,874]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">UCT</collectionCode>
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Ecological Survey, sieving-grid of dredge,
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<date id="FF99106DFFB7FFADD0A18E5DC61DBBCA" box="[151,270,888,914]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1951-12-01">12.1.1951</date>
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, 3 fragments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18EEDC632BBB9" blockId="57.[151,1436,968,1154]" box="[151,289,968,993]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18EEDC632BBB9" box="[151,289,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0F08ED5C30BBCDA" blockId="57.[151,1436,968,1154]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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All fragments badly contracted, lacking anterior and extreme posterior ends, longest fragment
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD5048ED5C28BBC52" box="[1330,1432,1008,1034]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD0D4893DC639BC6A" box="[226,298,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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, other fragments
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD1CE893DC558BC6A" box="[504,587,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD2B0893DC5CEBC6A" box="[646,733,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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. Colour greyish-brown, darker dorsally. Body wall covered with dense papillae, wheel papillae absent. Spicules of body wall as curved, terminally bifurcate rods,
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD5658965C7ACBCDA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="94.0" valueMin="26.0">26–94 µm</quantity>
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(mean
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD120894DC675BCDA" box="[278,358,1128,1154]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 µm</quantity>
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||
), without central thickening; no deposits in radial muscles.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A1899DC565BCA2" blockId="57.[151,630,1208,1274]" box="[151,630,1208,1274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A1899DC635BC89" box="[151,294,1208,1233]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
Southern
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFB7FFADD11389C5C677BCA2" box="[293,356,1248,1274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFB7FFADD14689C5C51ABCA2" box="[368,521,1248,1274]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
, shallow.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A18815C7E5BD2A" blockId="57.[151,246,1328,1394]" box="[151,246,1328,1394]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18815C7E2BD11" box="[151,241,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Habitat</emphasis>
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||
Sand.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0A1888DC7EDBD99" blockId="57.[151,1437,1448,1874]" box="[151,254,1448,1473]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A1888DC7EDBD99" box="[151,254,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFB7FFADD0F288F5C41EBF0A" blockId="57.[151,1437,1448,1874]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The material at hand was left unidentified by Dr Cherbonnier when he reported on the southern African collections. Although anterior and posterior ends are missing there is no doubt that the material represents
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD0A18B05C6B1BE61" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,418,1568,1593]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="durbanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD0A18B05C6B1BE61" box="[151,418,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiridota durbanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
because of its size, colouration, dense papillose skin, absence of wheel papillae and radial muscle deposits and the presence, in the body wall, of only curved rods without a central thickening. This is a second record of the species described as?
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFB7FFADD3138B55C49FBED2" box="[805,908,1648,1674]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. If the three fragments here recorded belonged together, the species length will far exceed its recorded size. The rods are slightly larger than those recorded for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C880FFFB7FFADD16D8BE5C683BE82" box="[347,400,1728,1754]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, perhaps due to the larger size of the present material.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB7FFADD4238BE5C3DFBE82" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1045,1228,1728,1754]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="208 - 214" refId="ref31169" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1996) Chiridota durbanensis new species and a new record of Neothyonidium arthroprocessum from the east coast of South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 31, 208 - 214." type="journal article" year="1996">Thandar (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked on two other congenerics, which either lack wheel papillae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD33B8BCDC3B2BF5A" authority="Ohshima, 1915" authorityName="Ohshima" authorityYear="1915" box="[781,1185,1768,1794]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Toxodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD33B8BCDC4F7BF59" box="[781,996,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Toxodora pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB7FFADD3DB8BCDC3B2BF5A" author="Ohshima, H." box="[1005,1185,1768,1794]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="213 - 291" refId="ref30233" refString="Ohshima, H. (1915) Report on the holothurians collected by the U. S. F. steamer ' Albatross' in N. W. Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48, 213 - 291." type="journal article" year="1915">Ohshima, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFB7FFADD4DB8BCDC222BF5A" box="[1261,1329,1768,1794]" name="Japan" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) or have poorly developed wheel papillae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD2158A35C446BF72" authority="Verrill, 1882" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" box="[547,853,1808,1834]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Toxodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD2158A35C5A8BF71" box="[547,699,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">T. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFB7FFADD2F48A35C446BF72" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[706,853,1808,1834]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="216 - 222" refId="ref31396" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1882) Notice of the remarkable marine fauna, occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England. 4. Echinodermata (continued). American Science, 23, 216 - 222." type="journal article" year="1882">Verrill, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFB7FFADD4B48A35C3ADBF72" box="[1154,1214,1808,1834]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and supported the relegation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD1058A1DC6B1BF09" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" box="[307,418,1848,1873]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Toxodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD1058A1DC6B1BF09" box="[307,418,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Toxodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFB7FFADD2A28A1DC415BF09" box="[660,774,1848,1873]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFB7FFADD2A28A1DC415BF09" box="[660,774,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiridota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |