285 lines
38 KiB
XML
285 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="FDF61609F35179A459727736F646B68E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077005" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624770600" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="THANDAR, AHMED S." docDate="2007" docId="038E87BBFF94FF88D0A1893FC3DAB992" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01414p062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1414 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFB7FFC3FF8EFF94D0368D25C713B858" masterDocTitle="Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698992838850" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6897E0C305501521A9F48E05041743A0">Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75B17202DA2DC7FD526C8ED18B5393F5">THANDAR, AHMED S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F442538AA5BC6FD15802F196356DED35">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="470C037368A3EC0E8CB882077A0C5FF4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="24C4346DE5E9526A9DE6C6E6210DB15E">
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<mods:date id="25F22F87FD49D52159E02E881F75ACF6">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69F7D1BC0D39AD2F62767A8B1C6A49B5">2007-03-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A9DE7F807F67AA6031CD9E10ABC9BA9C">1414</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="08340095BE067C8757B7D07EE02725DC">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E8B1FF1D1890261DAB6C6654226FFCE4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="962A32D3BA39674DE8AC0D3CCED3D320" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E8482ACE3E48E90048F2719377CB6C1E" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87BBFF94FF88D0A1893FC3DAB992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFF94FF88D0A1893FC3DAB992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87BBFF94FF88D0A1893FC3DAB992" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FF94FF8ED0A1893FC5F1BC6C" box="[151,738,1050,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A1893FC5F1BC6C" blockId="26.[151,738,1050,1111]" box="[151,738,1050,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0D081C1FF94FF8ED0A1893FC5F1BC6C" bold="true" box="[151,738,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF94FF8ED0A1893FC5F1BC6C" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,738,1050,1076]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis" subGenus="Platyperona">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A1893FC5F1BC6C" bold="true" box="[151,738,1050,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A1893FC525BC6C" bold="true" box="[151,566,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF94FF8ED20A893FC5F1BC6C" author="Semper, C." box="[572,738,1050,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FF94FF8ED0A18918C614BC0F" box="[151,263,1085,1111]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A18918C614BC0F" blockId="26.[151,738,1050,1111]" box="[151,263,1085,1111]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED0A18918C614BC0F" box="[151,263,1085,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FF94FF8ED0A189A7C5D6BD1C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A189A7C5A5BCC1" blockId="26.[151,1436,1154,1241]" box="[151,694,1154,1177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FF94FF8ED0A189A7C5A5BCC1" box="[151,694,1154,1177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFF94FF8ED0A189A7C53ABCC1" author="Semper, C." box="[151,553,1154,1177]" page="92" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF94FF8ED0A189A7C53ABCC1" authority="Semper, 1868: 92" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,553,1154,1177]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A189A7C678BCC1" box="[151,363,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holothuria difficilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF94FF8ED14489A7C53ABCC1" author="Semper, C." box="[370,553,1154,1177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868:92</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, p1.30, fig.1.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A18987C5D2BC81" blockId="26.[151,1436,1154,1241]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FF94FF8ED0A18987C5D2BC81" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFF94FF8ED0A18987C5D3BCE1" author="Massin, C." box="[151,704,1186,1209]" page="38" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF94FF8ED0A18987C5D3BCE1" authority="Massin, 1999: 38" authorityName="Massin" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,704,1186,1209]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis" subGenus="Platyperona">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A18987C51BBCE1" box="[151,520,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF94FF8ED2398987C5D3BCE1" author="Massin, C." box="[527,704,1186,1209]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref30097" refString="Massin, C. (1999) Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoologische Verhandelingen 329, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1999">Massin, 1999:38</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(synonymy & records before 1999), figs. 28 & 29; Samyn, 2003:65 (synonymy & records after 1999), fig. 26, 54A.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A18826C5D6BD1C" blockId="26.[151,709,1283,1348]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A18826C50DBD44" box="[151,542,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Previous southern African record</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F330763DFF94FF8ED08A880FC645BD1C" box="[188,342,1322,1348]" name="Mozambique" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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and east coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F330763DFF94FF8ED211880FC5D1BD1C" box="[551,706,1322,1348]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6526FF94FF88D0A1885EC3DAB992" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A1885EC666BDCC" blockId="26.[151,1436,1403,1508]" box="[151,373,1403,1428]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A1885EC666BDCC" box="[151,373,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED08A8887C49DBDBC" blockId="26.[151,1436,1403,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FF94FF8ED08A8887C674BDE4" box="[188,359,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="SAM-A27934" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DB819ED6FF94FF8ED08A8887C674BDE4" box="[188,359,1442,1468]" collectionCode="SAM-A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SAM-A27934</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FF94FF8ED1458887C390BDE4" box="[371,1155,1442,1468]" collectingDate="1977-10-08" collectionCode="KZN" collectorName="Durban, G. C" location="North Pier" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FF94FF8ED1458887C6A1BDE4" box="[371,434,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">KZN</collectionCode>
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,
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||
<location id="8EF86076FF94FF8ED1888887C528BDE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFF94FF88D0A1893FC3DAB992:8EF86076FF94FF8ED1888887C528BDE4" box="[446,571,1442,1468]" name="North Pier" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">North Pier</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D2537BFF94FF8ED2718887C5CEBDE4" box="[583,733,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Durban, G.C</collectorName>
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. Naidu,
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<date id="FF99106DFF94FF8ED3098887C4BBBDE4" box="[831,936,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1977-10-08">
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<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FF94FF8ED3098887C4BBBDE4" box="[831,936,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1977-10-08">8 x 1977</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FF94FF8ED3838887C315BDE4" box="[949,1030,1442,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
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(juvenile)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FF94FF8ED4B98887C49DBDBC" collectingDate="1982-04-27" collectorName="Vetch's Pier & Durban, J" elevation="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="SAM-A27935" specimenCount="2">
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<specimenCode id="DB819ED6FF94FF8ED4B98887C229BDE4" box="[1167,1338,1442,1468]" collectionCode="SAM-A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SAM-A27935</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D2537BFF94FF8ED5708887C7DBBDBC" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Vetch’s Pier</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D2537BFF94FF8ED0E288EFC65BBDBC" box="[212,328,1482,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Durban, J</collectorName>
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. Maxwell,
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<date id="FF99106DFF94FF8ED1FD88EFC559BDBC" box="[459,586,1482,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1982-04-27">
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<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FF94FF8ED1FD88EFC559BDBC" box="[459,586,1482,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1982-04-27">27 iv 1982</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 1–
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<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED24588EFC5B0BDBC" box="[627,675,1482,1508]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2.0">
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<elevation id="000AD19EFF94FF8ED24588EFC5B0BDBC" box="[627,675,1482,1508]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, under rock,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FF94FF8ED30A88EFC49DBDBC" box="[828,910,1482,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED0A18B3EC632BE6C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1563,1908]" box="[151,289,1563,1588]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A18B3EC632BE6C" box="[151,289,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8ED08A8B67C6F9BF2C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1563,1908]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Specimens small, largest
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED1D08B67C52ABE04" box="[486,569,1602,1628]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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||
long. Colour in life olive green to brown with black papillae arising from yellowish green warts,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FF94FF8ED1918B4FC554BEDC" box="[423,583,1642,1668]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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||
with bright yellow patch on ventral surface near anus. Cuvierian tubules present. Table discs
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||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED1BD8BB7C515BEF4" box="[395,518,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="30.0">30–80 µm</quantity>
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||
and with eight marginal holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED3B08BB7C306BEF4" box="[902,1045,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12A</figureCitation>
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); spire height
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED4F48BB7C253BEF4" box="[1218,1344,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="66.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="48.0">48–85 µm</quantity>
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||
. Dorsal buttons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED0CA8B9FC697BE8C" box="[252,388,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
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) with 3–4 pairs of holes; ventral buttons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED35B8B9FC4E6BE8C" box="[877,1013,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
) larger, with 6–7 pairs of holes, and occasionally an incomplete third series outside main series, buttons
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED3888BC7C359BEA4" box="[958,1098,1762,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="110.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="80.0">80–140 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Rods and fenestrated plates of papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED11F8A2FC6A6BF7C" box="[297,437,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with uneven margins. Tubefeet with rods and plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A28FF94FF8ED4798A2FC3C9BF7C" box="[1103,1242,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-254@27.[168,1419,173,1162]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis Semper. SAM–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
), the latter with somewhat serrate margins and numerous small holes in 2–4 series. All podial spicules also with characteristic median optical discontinuity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF94FF8FD0A18A8EC3F1BDFC" blockId="26.[151,964,1963,2028]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1250,1378,1444]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF94FF8ED0A18A8EC679BF9C" box="[151,362,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Local distribution</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FF94FF8FD08A8AF7C3CDBDFC" collectionCode="KZN" country="Mozambique" elevation="3" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" location="Mozambique" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Known only from around Durban,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FF94FF8ED2628AF7C583BFB4" box="[596,656,2002,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFF94FF8ED2FF8AF7C475BFB4" box="[713,870,2002,2028]" name="Mozambique" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FF94FF8ED3448AF7C4ACBFB4" box="[882,959,2002,2028]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000AD19EFF94FF8ED3448AF7C4ACBFB4" box="[882,959,2002,2028]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="0.0">0–6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD0A18847C694BD23" box="[151,391,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">General distribution</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout tropical Indo-Pacific but not reported from the Arabian and Indian Peninsulas
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF586625FF95FF8FD0A18981C44BBD59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077037/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,255,1188,1212]" targetBox="[201,1404,189,1141]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF95FF8FD0A18981C44BBD59" blockId="27.[151,1436,1188,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD0A18981C63BBCE4" bold="true" box="[151,296,1188,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD1068980C457BCE4" authority="Semper. SAM" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[304,836,1189,1212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis" subGenus="Platyperona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD1068980C5B1BCE4" box="[304,674,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
Semper. SAM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–A27934. Durban. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. buttons from ventral body wall; D. papillae rod and plate; E. tubefeet plates; F. madreporite; G. part of calcareous ring. (A.–C. scale a; D. scale b)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF95FF8FD0A188FDC6ACBE42" blockId="27.[151,447,1496,1562]" box="[151,447,1496,1562]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD0A188FDC7E3BDA9" box="[151,240,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
Under stones, in sand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF95FF8FD0A18B6FC7EDBE3B" blockId="27.[151,1436,1610,2036]" box="[151,254,1610,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD0A18B6FC7EDBE3B" box="[151,254,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFF95FF88D0F48B57C3DAB992" blockId="27.[151,1436,1610,2036]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD1958B57C400BED4" authority="Delle Chiaje, 1828" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1828" box="[419,787,1650,1676]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanctori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD1958B57C53BBED3" box="[419,552,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. sanctori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD2068B57C400BED4" author="Delle Chiaje, S." box="[560,787,1650,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="31 - 49" refId="ref29423" refString="Delle Chiaje, S. (1828) Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del Regno di Napoli. 3: xx + 231 pp., pls. 31 - 49." type="book chapter" year="1828">Delle Chiaje, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD3168B57C347BED4" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[800,1108,1650,1676]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD3168B57C4B2BED3" box="[800,929,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD39F8B57C347BED4" author="Selenka, E." box="[937,1108,1650,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref30967" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Nachtrag zu den Beitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrifte fur wissenschaftliche, Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD4578B57C280BED4" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[1121,1427,1650,1676]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD4578B57C3F5BED3" box="[1121,1254,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD4D98B57C280BED4" author="Semper, C." box="[1263,1427,1650,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) originally included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD1AB8BBFC53EBEEB" box="[413,557,1690,1715]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platyperona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD1AB8BBFC53EBEEB" box="[413,557,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Platyperona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD26D8BBFC5EBBEEC" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[603,760,1690,1716]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref30718" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Zoology) 18 (4), 119 - 170." type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are well keyed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD3E98BBFC3AEBEEC" author="Deichmann, E." box="[991,1213,1690,1716]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="239 - 349" refId="ref29374" refString="Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the ' Velero III' and ' IV' during the years 1932 - 1954, part II, Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 11 (2), 239 - 349, pls 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1958">Deichmann (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who also provides information regarding the colouration, presence or absence of Cuvierian tubules and the synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD5098BE7C7DBBF5B" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD5098BE7C7DBBF5B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, she does not mention the occurrence of any green forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD4398BCFC380BF5B" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[1039,1171,1770,1795]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD4398BCFC380BF5B" box="[1039,1171,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but this colouration is recorded for the consubgeneric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD23A8A37C598BF73" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[524,651,1810,1835]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD23A8A37C598BF73" box="[524,651,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the West Atlantic region. Since then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD4B28A37C608BF0C" authority="Pawson & Gust, 1981" authorityName="Pawson & Gust" authorityYear="1981" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rowei" subGenus="Platyperona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD4B28A37C208BF73" box="[1156,1307,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. (P.) rowei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD5148A37C608BF0C" author="Pawson, D. L. & Gust, C. A." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="873 - 877" refId="ref30562" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Gust, C. A. (1981) Holothuria (Platyperona) rowei, a new sea cucumber from Florida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 873 - 877." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson & Gust, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD1118A1FC5C2BF0C" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[295,721,1850,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crossnieri" subGenus="Platyperona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD1118A1FC6FCBF0B" box="[295,495,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. (P.) crossnieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD1C08A1FC5C2BF0C" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[502,721,1850,1876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref28924" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD33C8A1FC476BF0B" box="[778,869,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. (?P.)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD35B8A1FC3B5BF0C" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[877,1190,1850,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD35B8A1FC4D6BF0B" box="[877,965,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">insolita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD3FA8A1FC3B5BF0C" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[972,1190,1850,1876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref28924" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD0FC8A47C51BBF24" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[202,520,1890,1916]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="samoana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD0FC8A47C64ABF23" box="[202,345,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. samoana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD1548A47C51BBF24" author="Ludwig, H." box="[354,520,1890,1916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref29920" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom. Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referred to this subgenus by Rowe (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF95FF8FD3EB8A47C3C6BF24" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[989,1237,1890,1916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref30851" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed), Zoological catalogue of Australia, Vol. 33, Melbourne, CSIRO Australia, xiii - 510 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Perhaps not all species are valid and must await a critical re-examination. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF95FF8FD3AE8AAFC30EBFFB" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[920,1053,1930,1955]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF95FF8FD3AE8AAFC30EBFFB" box="[920,1053,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so widely distributed, several variations, probably at subspecific level, must be expected between such geographically isolated populations as those of the East Pacific, West Pacific and West Indian Oceans. This is perhaps the chief reason for the application of so many names to a species which is otherwise well characterised.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D47B8DBDC239B8EA" author="Deichmann, E." box="[1101,1322,152,178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="239 - 349" refId="ref29374" refString="Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the ' Velero III' and ' IV' during the years 1932 - 1954, part II, Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 11 (2), 239 - 349, pls 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1958">Deichmann (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
relegated many names to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF92FF88D22E8DE5C588B881" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[536,667,192,217]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF92FF88D22E8DE5C588B881" box="[536,667,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this is partially supported by Rowe (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D4A18DE5C29CB882" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1175,1423,192,218]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30851" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed), Zoological catalogue of Australia, Vol. 33, Melbourne, CSIRO Australia, xiii - 510 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rowe & Gates, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, some of the names may have to be reinstated, as our knowledge of the intraspecific variations within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFF92FF88D0DC8C35C67DB971" authorityName="Semper. SAM" authorityYear="1868" box="[234,366,272,297]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFF92FF88D0DC8C35C67DB971" box="[234,366,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
increases. Colouration, presence or absence of warts and Cuvierian tubules, the maximum size at maturity, the relative dimensions of spicules and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C880FFF92FF88D37D8C1DC46EB90A" box="[843,893,312,338]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of podial deposits may offer satisfactory characters. H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D11C8C45C6CBB922" author="Clark H. L." box="[298,472,352,378]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref29162" refString="Clark H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark’s (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D1D08C45C59AB922" author="Kalk, M." box="[486,649,352,378]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref29728" refString="Kalk, M. (1959) A general ecological survey of some shores in northern Mozambique. Revista de Biologia, Lisbon, 2, 1 - 24, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1959">Kalk’s (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D2F38C45C318B922" author="Thandar, A. S. & Samyn, Y." box="[709,1035,352,378]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref31338" refString="Thandar, A. S. & Samyn, Y. (2004) Shallow-water holothuroid (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) biodiversity and biogeography of the subtropical east coast of South Africa. Echinoderms: Munchen - Heinzeller & Nebelsick (eds.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2004, 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="2004">Thandar & Samyn’s (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are the only published records of this species from southern Africa but the latter two include no taxonomic data while that of H.L. Clark (a record overlooked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFF92FF88D1918C95C5B9B992" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[423,682,432,458]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29046" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark & Rowe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFF92FF88D4118C95C3D6B992" box="[1063,1221,432,458]" name="Mozambique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |