173 lines
17 KiB
XML
173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5531/sd.sp.55" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb1717dc-9526-481c-a859-7ca8fd036425" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730159" checkinTime="1678711572948" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A" docDate="2023" docId="038D8781FFCA2077FEE8FA64A431FBDB" docLanguage="en" docName="BAmMusNatHist.459.1-184.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.8:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Odonata Several D Tillyard 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="FFB4FFF9FFE42044FFFBFF9FA014F931" masterDocTitle="COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1678885751306" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Herhold, Hollister W</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Davis, Steven R</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Degrey, Samuel P</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grimaldi, David A</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>459</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>184</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5531/sd.sp.55</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">eb1717dc-9526-481c-a859-7ca8fd036425</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7730159</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7733218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209443381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7733218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8781FFCA2077FEE8FA64A431FBDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8781FFCA2077FEE8FA64A431FBDB" lastPageId="51" pageId="46">
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<subSubSection box="[275,469,1531,1555]" pageId="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[275,469,1531,1555]" box="[275,469,1531,1555]" pageId="46">
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<heading box="[275,469,1531,1555]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="46" reason="4">
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ORDER
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several D Tillyard" authorityYear="1914" box="[360,469,1531,1555]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Odonata" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">ODONATA</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="51" pageId="46" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[108,636,1580,1737]" lastBlockId="46.[684,1212,226,1738]" pageId="46">
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Respiration in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several D Tillyard" authorityYear="1914" box="[317,416,1580,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Odonata" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Odonata</taxonomicName>
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, especially aquatic naiad immatures, has been the subject of investigation for some time, although much of the morphological work was performed more than a century ago.
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<bibRefCitation author="Scott, G. G." box="[256,393,1712,1737]" pageId="46" pagination="341 - 354" refId="ref57639" refString="Scott, G. G. 1905. The distribution of tracheae in the nymph of Plathemis lydia. Biological Bulletin 9 (6): 341 - 354." type="journal article" year="1905">Scott (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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presented one of the earliest detailed studies on dragonfly tracheae using a libellulid immature, highlighting notable characteristics such as the crossover of longitudinal trunks leading from the thorax to the abdomen, a trait retained in the adult.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tillyard, R. J." pageId="46" refId="ref58551" refString="Tillyard, R. J. 1917. The biology of dragonflies (Odonata or Paraneuroptera). London: Cambridge University Press." type="book" year="1917">Tillyard (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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remains the standard for dragonfly morphology, and he carefully diagrammed the tracheal architecture via dissection, although also with an emphasis on immatures.
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<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, R. N." pageId="46" pagination="27 - 51" refId="ref53960" refString="Chapman, R. N. 1918. The basal connections of the tracheae of the wings of insects. In The Wings of insects: 27 - 51. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press." type="book chapter" year="1918">Chapman (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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included both
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<taxonomicName box="[943,1002,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Anax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[943,1002,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="46">Anax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1068,1132,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Lestidae" genus="Lestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1068,1132,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="46">Lestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in his comparative study of leg-wing tracheal morphology.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kennedy, C. H." box="[737,916,589,613]" pageId="46" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref55753" refString="Kennedy, C. H. 1922. The homologies of the tracheal branches in the respiratory system of insects. Ohio Journal of Science 22 (3): 84 - 90." type="journal article" year="1922">Kennedy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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built on Chapman’s work, extending it to abdominal tracheae; his extension to multiple orders insects using only odonate specimens is shown here to be insufficient. Recent studies have investigated physiological aspects, including active tracheal compression (likely related to respiration) in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several D Tillyard" authorityYear="1914" box="[1113,1212,788,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Odonata" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Odonata</taxonomicName>
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observed through synchrotron imaging by
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<bibRefCitation author="Westneat, M. W." pageId="46" pagination="558 - 560" refId="ref59240" refString="Westneat, M. W., et al. 2003. Tracheal respiration in insects visualized with synchrotron X-ray imaging. Science 299: 558 - 560." type="journal article" year="2003">Westneat et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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. For this study, three odonates were scanned, an aeshnid dragonfly larva at 30 µm resolution, an adult aeshnid at 21 µm resolution, and a calopterygid damselfly at 19 µm. As noted above, the wings of the adult aeshnid were removed and scanned separately; wing scans are not included here, though wing-base tracheae are retained and labeled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[684,1212,226,1738]" pageId="46">
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<bibRefCitation author="Tillyard, R. J." box="[716,880,1118,1143]" pageId="46" refId="ref58551" refString="Tillyard, R. J. 1917. The biology of dragonflies (Odonata or Paraneuroptera). London: Cambridge University Press." type="book" year="1917">Tillyard (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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identified three pairs of longitudinal trunks in his figure 75 (included here as
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<figureCitation box="[684,758,1185,1209]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="51.[107,195,1581,1602]" captionTargetBox="[147,596,224,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-10@51.[147,597,224,1554]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 28. Tillyard’s (1917) figure 75, showing three longitudinal trunks: dorsal trunk DT, visceral trunk VT, and ventral trunk VNT." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730225/files/figure.png" pageId="46">fig. 28</figureCitation>
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), whereas the aeshnid and calopterygid specimens here possess four, a condition not seen in any other order. A
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<emphasis box="[966,980,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="46">n</emphasis>
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-DLT is comprised of elongated and compartmentalized air-saclike tracheae connected segmentally or perhaps intermittently by regular tubular tracheae, and these were likely misidentified by Tillyard as air sacs rather than tracheae, which were discernible as such with micro-CT.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[684,1212,226,1738]" lastBlockId="51.[684,1212,226,746]" lastPageId="51" pageId="46">
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<bibRefCitation author="Scott, G. G." box="[716,852,1482,1506]" pageId="46" pagination="341 - 354" refId="ref57639" refString="Scott, G. G. 1905. The distribution of tracheae in the nymph of Plathemis lydia. Biological Bulletin 9 (6): 341 - 354." type="journal article" year="1905">Scott (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated several tracheae present in the mid and hind legs of immatures but absent in adults, also noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, R. N." box="[1021,1208,1548,1572]" pageId="46" pagination="27 - 51" refId="ref53960" refString="Chapman, R. N. 1918. The basal connections of the tracheae of the wings of insects. In The Wings of insects: 27 - 51. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press." type="book chapter" year="1918">Chapman (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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, although with his own terminology. It is possible that these extra tracheae develop into the air-sac tracheae, which seem to be largely absent overall in immatures (otherwise they would have difficulty swimming underwater). Future studies should investigate this proliferation of tracheae and their possible development into the numerous air-sac tracheae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730215" box="[107,971,1744,1769]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730215/files/figure.png" pageId="47" startId="47.[107,193,1746,1767]" targetBox="[308,1009,225,1710]" targetPageId="47">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[107,971,1744,1769]" box="[107,971,1744,1769]" pageId="47">
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FIGURE 24.
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<taxonomicName box="[237,458,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Neocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulifer">
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<emphasis box="[237,458,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="47">Neocloeon triangulifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several L D Landa" authorityYear="1948" box="[471,632,1744,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[642,731,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
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) subimago lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730217" box="[108,1213,1687,1711]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730217/files/figure.png" pageId="48" startId="48.[108,194,1689,1710]" targetBox="[216,1104,234,1663]" targetPageId="48">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[108,1213,1687,1711]" box="[108,1213,1687,1711]" pageId="48">
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FIGURE 25.
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<taxonomicName box="[235,453,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Neocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulifer">
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<emphasis box="[235,453,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="48">Neocloeon triangulifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several L D Landa" authorityYear="1948" box="[465,625,1687,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[634,722,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
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) subimago dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730219" box="[109,927,1703,1727]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730219/files/figure.png" pageId="49" startId="49.[109,195,1705,1726]" targetBox="[311,1010,226,1677]" targetPageId="49">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[109,927,1703,1727]" box="[109,927,1703,1727]" pageId="49">
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FIGURE 26.
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<taxonomicName box="[240,460,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Neocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulifer">
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<emphasis box="[240,460,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="49">Neocloeon triangulifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several L D Landa" authorityYear="1948" box="[474,635,1703,1727]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[645,734,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
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) adult lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730223" box="[108,1189,1674,1699]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730223/files/figure.png" pageId="50" startId="50.[108,194,1676,1697]" targetBox="[160,1155,224,1648]" targetPageId="50">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[108,1189,1674,1699]" box="[108,1189,1674,1699]" pageId="50">
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FIGURE 27.
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<taxonomicName box="[239,459,1674,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Neocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulifer">
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<emphasis box="[239,459,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="50">Neocloeon triangulifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Several L D Landa" authorityYear="1948" box="[472,633,1674,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[643,732,1674,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
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) adult dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="51.[684,1212,226,746]" pageId="51">
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The thorax of both specimens features a large number of air spaces. The flight musculature of odonates is thought to grow substantially during maturation of the adult (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marden, J. H." box="[1039,1207,424,448]" pageId="51" pagination="505 - 521" refId="ref56423" refString="Marden, J. H. 1989. Bodybuilding dragonflies: costs and benefits of maximizing flight muscle. Physiological Zoology 62 (2): 505 - 521." type="journal article" year="1989">Marden, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Anholt, B. R. & J. H. Marden & D. M. Jenkins" box="[684,896,457,481]" pageId="51" pagination="1156 - 1163" refId="ref53507" refString="Anholt, B. R., J. H. Marden, and D. M. Jenkins. 1991. Patterns of mass gain and sexual dimorphism in adult dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 (5): 1156 - 1163." type="journal article" year="1991">Anholt et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Marden, J. H." box="[909,1070,457,481]" pageId="51" pagination="157 - 178" refId="ref56453" refString="Marden, J. H. 2000. Variability in the size, composition, and function of insect flight muscles. Annual Review of Physiology 62: 157 - 178." type="journal article" year="2000">Marden, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). It could be that these air spaces allow expansion of flight muscle—as the adult exoskeleton is fixed in size, empty volume must be allocated in advance to allow for an increase in flight muscle mass. Interestingly, this would be the inverse of the “gas bag in the gut” phenomenon (see Discussion), where the alimentary canal is coopted into a large air space in the adult.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |