211 lines
29 KiB
XML
211 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2BC994FACDBBEC1FA46706B720E8FD72">De novo root transcriptome of a medicinally important rare tree Oroxylum indicum for characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="689C6384B848F94B60014A803D311052">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8864293D6672E1E8A1A83C2DDD792A47">Deshmukh, Aaditi B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B10D34E485BA2B7DD0D3E1D4C598564A">∗ & Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1F0BAC0FB60A9060346A057DAB5D15AE">Datir, Sagar S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81F1FA13A4A9599534FDA02A571DBC33">Bhonde, Yogesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F59E19684A8E2F30726BD164D8D5E82B">Kelkar, Natasha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC4DF6E0D6EB013AA16627517E27372E">Samdani, Pawan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5FE35C5BDA7CD9B3F7B42F60E753922">Tamhane, Vaijayanti A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="84DDACFB8ADA4712141FC5791BFA5458">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="58697CD87ADA533AA96284917EBAC7BB">
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<mods:date id="485EDE507B5033EB7B00DC9D091D6451">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0EB11D24FB44DD25FEB50662E9E41A94">2018-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="90BC4FED83603D087C797DB9DEAD9842">156</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E8A64D22DA0D47CE4E7EAF8FB36C31AC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.013</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0FC94F4C21F4A3CBFA317605BFFADDFA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CB165CE6CA72DD113807E9359B3C7C1A" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1C75C0070725DE68123AAF6B4545B6EB" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A16A16F8ABA169C120D29CC86098CDBE" type="Zenodo-Dep">10484692</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03881B7683597F01FCCDECEE8315F98B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03881B7683597F01FCCDECEE8315F98B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03881B7683597F01FCCDECEE8315F98B" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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<subSubSection id="C33BF9EB83597F01FCCDECEE8445FF44" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9EAA6083597F01FCCDECEE8445FF44" blockId="5.[818,1412,159,178]" lastBlockId="5.[818,1487,187,234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FCCDECEE85EFFF1C" bold="true" box="[818,1412,159,178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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2.8. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome
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<collectionCode id="ED3032A583597F01FAB3ECEE8531FF1C" box="[1356,1370,159,178]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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450s
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FCCDECCA8445FF44" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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(CYP450s) putatively involved in biosynthesis of specialized flavonoids like baicalein in
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FC5FECA68468FF44" authority="(L.) Kurz" box="[928,1027,215,234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="root">O. indicum</taxonomicName>
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root
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33BF9EB83597F01FCACED7E8315F98B" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9EAA6083597F01FCACED7E8304FCB6" blockId="5.[818,1488,271,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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Command line
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<collectionCode id="ED3032A583597F01FC0FED7E8445FE8C" box="[1008,1070,271,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">BLAST</collectionCode>
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was performed on the
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FAD3ED7E83E5FE90" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="transcriptome">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FAD3ED7E85FEFE8C" bold="true" box="[1324,1429,271,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
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transcriptome
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</taxonomicName>
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using flavone synthase II, flavone-6-hydroxylase, glucuronidase and transferase genes reported from
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FB1FED3685CEFEF4" box="[1248,1445,327,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Scutellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baicalensis">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB1FED3685CEFEF4" bold="true" box="[1248,1445,327,346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Scutellaria baicalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of specialized flavonoids. This led to the identification of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FBA2ED0E84AAFE3C" box="[1117,1217,383,402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FBA2ED0E84AAFE3C" bold="true" box="[1117,1217,383,402]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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homologs of those genes as listed (Table 7). Additionally, 164 transcripts annotated as
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FA83EDEB85C4FE03" bold="true" box="[1404,1455,410,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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CYP
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</emphasis>
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50s from
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FC9BEDC78425FE67" box="[868,1102,438,457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="transcriptome">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FC9BEDC783ADFE67" bold="true" box="[868,966,438,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
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transcriptome
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</taxonomicName>
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were analyzed (Supplementary
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<tableCitation id="C6A39FDB83597F01FA84EDC785AAFE67" box="[1403,1473,438,457]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="2.[818,868,161,178]" captionTargetBox="[834,1472,226,490]" captionText="Table 4 Protein domain analysis of the O. indicum transcriptome." pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Table 4</tableCitation>
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.) Of these, the ones with high
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<collectionCode id="ED3032A583597F01FB97EDA384CBFE4B" box="[1128,1184,466,485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">FPKM</collectionCode>
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value (more than 5.5), were screened for identification of full length CYP450 ORFs from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FA64ED9F83FDFDB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="root">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FA64ED9F8303FDB3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
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root
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</taxonomicName>
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transcriptome.
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<collectionCode id="ED3032A583597F01FBD1EE7B8457FDB3" box="[1070,1084,522,541]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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total of 31 genes (
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB0BEE7B8530FDB3" bold="true" box="[1268,1371,522,541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">OinCyp450</emphasis>
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) were identified (
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<tableCitation id="C6A39FDB83597F01FC8DEE5783D3FD97" box="[882,952,550,569]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="8.[100,150,383,400]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 8 O. indicum Cytochrome P450 (OinCyp) full length genes identified from the transcriptome. No. New name Transcript FPKM Protein name and References for reported functions Predicted First hit of BLAST [organism] (Accession Activities reported (KEGG enzyme data base) protein (Amino number) acids) 1 OinCyp34 TR39327| c0_g2_i1 5.58 Abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 2 (ABA 8′-hydroxylase 2) (EC 415 hypothetical protein CDL12_11573 Catalyses the first step in the oxidative degradation of 1.14.13.93) (Cytochrome P450 707A6) (OsABA8ox2) [Handroanthus impetiginosus] PIN15764.1 abscisic acid. PMID:9808729 2 OinCyp33 TR37750| c0_g1_i8 5.93 Geraniol 8-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.152) (Cytochrome P450 500 Cytochrome P450 CYP2 subfamily [H. 3′-hydroxylation of naringenin (cf. EC 1.14.13.21, flavonoid 76B6) (Geraniol 10-hydroxylase) (CrG10H) impetiginosus] PIM97815.1 3′-monooxygenase) 1.14.13.152 transferred to 1.14.14.83 PMID:11718718 PMID:21504162 PMID:20699579 3 OinCyp32 TR28501| c0_g1_i2 6.05 Cytochrome P450 704C1 (EC 1.14.-.-) 500 Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN26646.1) incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen. 4 OinCyp21 TR44876|c0_g2_i1 12.43 Probable inactive linolenatehydroperoxidelyase (Cytochrome 143 Cytochrome P450 [H. impetiginosus] P450 74B2) (Hydroperoxidelyase 1) (PIN22161.1) 5 OinCyp19 TR31362| c0_g1_i4 12.96 Cytokinin hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.-) (Cytochrome P450 517 – 35A1) 6 OinCyp16 TR31653| c0_g2_i1 16.39 Protein CYPRO4 641 PREDICTED: protein CYPRO4 [Erythranthe guttata] (XP_012836945.1) 7 OinCyp15 TR21276| c0_g1_i1 16.42 Cytochrome P450 81E8 (EC 1.14.13.-) 496 Cytochrome P450 81D11-like [Sesamum indicum] (XP_011078365.1) 8 OinCyp9 TR45834| c0_g1_i1 48.09 Cytochrome P450 704C1 (EC 1.14.-.-) (Cytochrome P450 497 Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 CYPD) subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN00373.1) 9 OinCyp31 TR10190|c0_g1_i12 6.06 Cytochrome P450 4V2 (EC 1.14.13.-) (Docosahexaenoic acid 460 Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 Defects in the enzyme are associated with Bietti crystalline omega-hydroxylase CYP4V2) (EC 1.14.13.199) subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN06076.1) corneoretinal dystrophy. The enzyme also produces some 21- 1.14.13.199 Transferred to 1.14.14.79 hydroxydocosahexaenoate. Acts in a similar way on eicosapentaenoic acid. 10 OinCyp30 TR5995|c0_g2_i3 6.34 Psoralen synthase (EC 1.14.13.102) (Cytochrome P450 510 Cytochrome P450 71A21-like [S. indicum] This microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme is CYP71AJ2) (Fragment) (XP_011085047.1) specific for (+)-marmesin, and to a much lesser extent 5- PMID:17068340 hydroxymarmesin, as substrate. 11 OinCyp29 TR29646| c0_g1_i1 6.43 Cytochrome P450 704C1 (EC 1.14.-.-) (Cytochrome P450 504 Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 Acts on a number of flavonoids, including naringenin and CYPD) subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN06076.1) dihydrokaempferol. 12 OinCyp28 TR40383| c0_g1_i1 6.99 Cytochrome P450 704C1 (EC 1.14.-.-) (Cytochrome P450 293 Cytochrome P450 704C1 [S. indicum] (XP_ CYPD) 011076303.1) 13 OinCyp22 TR25900| c0_g1_i1 11.77 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.21) 526 Cytochrome P450 734A1 [S. indicum] (XP_01109186) 14 OinCyp18 TR3312| c0_g1_i1 15.51 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.88) 516 Cytochrome P450 CYP2 subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN04379.1) 15 OinCyp14 TR39103| c0_g2_i1 30.21 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.21) 536 Cytochrome P450 CYP2 subfamily [H. \ impetiginosus] (PIN06001.1) The EC no 1.14.13.21 has been changed to 1.14.14.82 (flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase; CYP75B1 (gene name)) PMID:10504566 PMID:11030432 16 OinCyp4 TR45085| c0_g1_i1 152.57 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.21) 511 Cytochrome P450 CYP2 subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN10800.1) 17 OinCyp12 TR492| c0_g1_i1 33.03 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.21) 528 Cytochrome P450 89A2 [S. indicum] (XP_ 011085115.1) 18 OinCyp11 TR34154| c0_g1_i1 44.58 Cytochrome P450, putative (EC 1.14.13.21) 199 Cytochrome P450 CYP2 subfamily [H. impetiginosus] (PIN04070.1) 19 OinCyp8 TR35703| c1_g1_i2 53.85 Peptidyl-prolylcis-trans isomerase CYP23 (PPIase CYP23) (EC 229 peptidylprolylisomerase [H. impetiginosus] 5.2.1.8) (PIN24972.1) 20 OinCyp27 TR25360| c0_g1_i1 7.12 305" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Table 8</tableCitation>
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). The phylogenetic tree of these
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB0EEE57852BFD97" bold="true" box="[1265,1344,550,569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
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OinCyp
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15CCA783597F01FACBEE57852BFD97" box="[1332,1344,550,569]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" precision="925" value="-4.8333335">4</geoCoordinate>
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||
</emphasis>
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50s indicated a high diversity of CYP450s in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FB8FEE338569FDFB" box="[1136,1282,578,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="root">
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB8FEE3384BFFDFB" bold="true" box="[1136,1236,578,597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
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root
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131AB6E583597F01FAEEEE33852CFDFB" box="[1297,1351,578,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1231,1248]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,154,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[263,1325,152,1208]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis of full length O. indicum Cytochrome P450 using maximum likelihood method. Phylogenetic tree of the newly identified, full length OinCyps (Tables 7 and 8) was performed using MEGA7 by maximum likelihood method." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). At least five
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<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FCCDEE2F8317FDDF" bold="true" box="[818,892,606,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">OinCyps</emphasis>
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showed a high degree of similarity to biochemically well characterized enzymes from
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<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FBBEEE0B84D3FD23" box="[1089,1208,634,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Scutellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baicalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FBBEEE0B84D3FD23" bold="true" box="[1089,1208,634,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. baicalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
namely, flavones synthase II, baicalin-ss-D-glucuronidase, flavone-6-hydroxylase, baicalin-7-O-glucuronosyltransferase (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FBFCEEC084FEFD6A" author="Liu, J. & Hou, J. & Jiang, C. & Li, G. & Lu, H. & Meng, F." box="[1027,1173,689,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="0136397" refId="ref12494" refString="Liu, J., Hou, J., Jiang, C., Li, G., Lu, H., Meng, F., et al., 2015. Deep sequencing of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi transcriptome reveals flavonoid biosynthetic profiling and organ-specific gene expression. PloS One 10 (8), e 0136397. https: // doi. org / 10. 1371 / journal. pone. 0136397." type="journal article" year="2015">Liu et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zhao et al., 2016, 2018). These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of specialized flavonoids like baicalin and wogonin through a root specific alternative pathway (Zhao et al., 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EAA6083597F01FCACEF5085C6FB2D" blockId="5.[818,1488,271,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FC83EF5083A0FC9A" bold="true" box="[892,971,801,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">OinCyp3</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FC06EF508423FC9A" bold="true" box="[1017,1096,801,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">OinCyp4</emphasis>
|
||
were abundant in roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FABAEF5085CCFC9A" box="[1349,1447,801,820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FABAEF5085CCFC9A" bold="true" box="[1349,1447,801,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and showed a high degree of similarity with flavone synthase II (CYP93B; Zhao et al., 2016) along with five more
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB3CEF288566FCC2" bold="true" box="[1219,1293,857,876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">OinCyps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AB6E583597F01FAE0EF288533FCC2" box="[1311,1368,857,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1231,1248]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,154,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[263,1325,152,1208]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis of full length O. indicum Cytochrome P450 using maximum likelihood method. Phylogenetic tree of the newly identified, full length OinCyps (Tables 7 and 8) was performed using MEGA7 by maximum likelihood method." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, OinCyp2 (with similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FBB8EF0484ABFC26" box="[1095,1216,885,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Scutellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baicalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FBB8EF0484ABFC26" bold="true" box="[1095,1216,885,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. baicalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
baicalin-ss-D-glucuronidase) clustered close to OinCyp27. OinCyp2 and OinCyp35 (both flavone-6- hydroxylase) clustered away from each other forming two different OinCyp clades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AB6E583597F01FC34EFB98469FC75" box="[971,1026,968,987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[100,130,1231,1248]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,154,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[263,1325,152,1208]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis of full length O. indicum Cytochrome P450 using maximum likelihood method. Phylogenetic tree of the newly identified, full length OinCyps (Tables 7 and 8) was performed using MEGA7 by maximum likelihood method." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). OinCyp5 (with similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FAD4EFB985C8FC75" box="[1323,1443,968,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Scutellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baicalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FAD4EFB985C8FC75" bold="true" box="[1323,1443,968,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. baicalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
baicalin-7-O-glucuronosyl transferase) was highly abundant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FA93EF9585A4FC59" box="[1388,1487,996,1015]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FA93EF9585A4FC59" bold="true" box="[1388,1487,996,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots and formed a cluster with at least five more OinCyps. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the OinCyps, it can be hypothesized that they are involved in the specialized flavonoid biosynthesis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FA96E84985A4FBE5" box="[1385,1487,1080,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FA96E84985A4FBE5" bold="true" box="[1385,1487,1080,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots. Further, the functional validation of OinCyps may highlight their specific biochemical roles in metabolite biosynthesis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FABAE80185C3FB2D" box="[1349,1448,1136,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FABAE80185C3FB2D" bold="true" box="[1349,1448,1136,1155]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EAA6083597F01FCACE8FD8315F98B" blockId="5.[818,1488,271,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
Phylogenetic variations in
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FB9FE8FD84CCFB31" bold="true" box="[1120,1191,1164,1183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Cyp450</emphasis>
|
||
genes play a central role in evolution of metabolic complexity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FB74E8D9854DFB15" author="Bak, S. & Beisson, F. & Bishop, G. & Hamberger, B. & Hofer, R. & Paquette, S. & Werck-Reichhart, D." box="[1163,1318,1192,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="0144" refId="ref10413" refString="Bak, S., Beisson, F., Bishop, G., Hamberger, B., Hofer, R., Paquette, S., Werck-Reichhart, D., 2011. Cytochromes P 450, vol. 9 The Arabidopsis Book / American Society of Plant Biologists, e 0144. http: // doi. org / 10.1199 / tab. 0144." type="book chapter" year="2011">Bak et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FAC2E8D98500FB15" bold="true" box="[1341,1387,1192,1211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Cyp9</emphasis>
|
||
8
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3032A583597F01FA8BE8D985EEFB15" box="[1396,1413,1192,1211]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
and its duplicated sister genes evolved functional diversification in phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FB5EE8AE855EFB5C" author="Liu, Z. & Tavares, R. & Forsythe, E. S. & Andre, F. & Lugan, R. & Jonasson, G. & Mercey, S. B. & Tohge, T. & Beilstein, M. A. & Daniele Werck-Reichhart, D. W. & Renault, H." box="[1185,1333,1247,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="13026" refId="ref12394" refString="Liu, Z., Tavares, R., Forsythe, E. S., Andre, F., Lugan, R., Jonasson, G., Mercey, S. B., Tohge, T., Beilstein, M. A., Daniele Werck-Reichhart, D. W., Renault, H., 2016. Evolutionary interplay between sister cytochrome P 450 genes shapes plasticity in plant metabolism. Nat. Commun. 7, 13026. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / ncomms 13026." type="journal article" year="2016">Liu et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is known to involve the formation of metabolons or protein complexes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FBF5E96684A3FA84" author="Bassard, J. E. & Moller, L. B. & Laursen, T." box="[1034,1224,1303,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="37 - 51" refId="ref10483" refString="Bassard, J. E., Moller, L. B., Laursen, T., 2017. Assembly of dynamic P 450 - mediated metabolons - order versus chaos. Curr. Mol. Biol. Rep. 3, 37 - 51." type="journal article" year="2017">Bassard et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been demonstrated that Cyp450s like flavone synthase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase are ER membrane anchored enzymes and provide a nucleation platform for the assembly of other soluble enzymes like chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and reductase. Together, these complexes drive the flavonoid metabolism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FC50E9D284E4FA18" author="Dastmalchi, M. & Mark, A. & Bernards, M. A. & Dhaubhadel, S." box="[943,1167,1443,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="689 - 706" refId="ref10860" refString="Dastmalchi, M., Mark, A., Bernards, M. A., Dhaubhadel, S., 2016. Twin anchors of the soybean isoflavonoid metabolon: evidence for tethering of the complex to the endoplasmic reticulum by IFS and C 4 H. Plant J. 85, 689 - 706." type="journal article" year="2016">Dastmalchi et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and plant specific diversity in a flavonoid metabolon organization (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0D79183597F01FB7CE9CE855FFA7C" author="Fujino, N. & Tenma, N. & Waki, T. & Ito, K. & Komatsuzaki, Y. & Sugiyama, K. & Yamazaki, T. & Yoshida, S. & Hatayama, M. & Yamashita, S. & Tanaka, Y. & Motohashi, R. & Denessiouk, K. & Takahashi, S. & Nakayama, T." box="[1155,1332,1471,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="372 - 392" refId="ref11291" refString="Fujino, N., Tenma, N., Waki, T., Ito, K., Komatsuzaki, Y., Sugiyama, K., Yamazaki, T., Yoshida, S., Hatayama, M., Yamashita, S., Tanaka, Y., Motohashi, R., Denessiouk, K., Takahashi, S., Nakayama, T., 2018. Physical interactions among flavonoid enzymes in snapdragon and torenia reveal the diversity in the flavonoid metabolon organization of different plant species. Plant J. 94, 372 - 392." type="journal article" year="2018">Fujino et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Detailed functional validation of OinCyp diversity will open up their precise biochemical roles and novelty in specialized flavonoid metabolism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21D1E383597F01FA45E9878312F98B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Oroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955767283597F01FA45E9878312F98B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">O. indicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |