229 lines
44 KiB
XML
229 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="B1B0C48BC46E2575AB1AB826222ED28E" ID-CLB-Dataset="26836" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e1df95-f553-4f99-af3c-c3c89fac1234" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2806891" ID-ZooBank="5169554E-9F20-4277-B718-DB752EDF8948" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1557812944428" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roldán, Carmen, Villalba, Antonio & Viéitez, José M." docDate="2019" docId="038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4604.2.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4604 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Loxosoma discoides Roldán & Villalba & Viéitez 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="2470BF85-F6E0-41C4-813B-CC712D2BB822" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="390" masterDocId="FFBFFF86FFCAFF8F0070FFBE595AE609" masterDocTitle="A new solitary, interstitial species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the coast of Galicia (NW Spain), Loxosoma discoides n. sp." masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="388" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1698728536188" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EEE7A9081CAF06BD9711DE3B9507A4F3">
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<mods:title id="97F3D0A8DA0802166D078DAF88A86FF4">A new solitary, interstitial species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the coast of Galicia (NW Spain), Loxosoma discoides n. sp.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E23DA10DBD3B580B9A71EC1B5611318E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D81034811987253CD5E69CD266C500D4">Roldán, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D54509A7888E87E850CF2215758DF1BB">Villalba, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5E50535DF65D4122DA479CBB00C969C8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="97BBE9EF83441999B9E84BB3A927F381">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2327BE945F8802C930993C533812CA1">Viéitez, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4C19BF2B298AFDC4DBA69ADE2AECDE92">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B6EA422FD0488079AED9A856491D8A82">
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<mods:date id="34D9956C0981374650DE1D1B08BAAF7A">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA04004660302AC94B55F013D7C0317E">2019-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1A60997700571457EB4836EEF846DDC5">4604</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="84EBE089D0796A79D443032C8FCA6473">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B9C1AB77D5C0194608178EF8AF35E9D4" type="CLB-Dataset">26836</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157137017" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2470BF85-F6E0-41C4-813B-CC712D2BB822" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<subSubSection id="C3356563FFC8FF8D00E7FF245889E6BD" box="[151,467,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00E7FF245889E6BD" blockId="2.[151,961,153,252]" box="[151,467,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<heading id="D0D88184FFC8FF8D00E7FF245889E6BD" bold="true" box="[151,467,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00E7FF245889E6BD" bold="true" box="[151,467,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6BFFC8FF8D00E7FF2458D3E6BD" authority="Roldán & Villalba & Viéitez, 2019" authorityName="Roldán & Villalba & Viéitez" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,393,153,180]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="discoides" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00E7FF2458D3E6BD" bold="true" box="[151,393,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Loxosoma discoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685781FFC8FF8D01E1FF245889E6BD" box="[401,467,154,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3356563FFC8FF8D00E7FF035A9BE6F5" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00E7FF035857E6D1" blockId="2.[151,961,153,252]" box="[151,269,189,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D00E7FF035857E6D1" box="[151,269,189,216]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." captionText-1="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2–15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00E7FF5F5A9BE6F5" blockId="2.[151,961,153,252]" box="[151,961,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<uri id="FFBE3AEAFFC8FF8D00E7FF5F5A9BE6F5" box="[151,961,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF890C3DFFC8FF8D01DAFF5F5A9BE6F5" box="[426,961,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">2470BF85-F6E0-41C4-813B-CC712D2BB822</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3356563FFC8FF8D00E7FE94598DE7A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00E7FE94598DE7A6" blockId="2.[151,1437,296,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00E7FE94581DE74D" bold="true" box="[151,327,297,324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B473CB5FFC8FF8D0120FE975864E76E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2397829655" collectingDate="1976-02" collectionCode="MNCN" latitude="42.433334" location="Ria of Pontevedra" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.7" municipality="Combarro Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" specimenCode="MNCN 26.01/10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5494884AFFC8FF8D0120FE9758E7E74A" box="[336,445,297,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB899E93FFC8FF8D01B9FE975BD3E74A" box="[457,649,297,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">MNCN 26.01/10</specimenCode>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4AC92FFC8FF8D02E2FE975A08E74A" box="[658,850,297,323]" county="Ria of Vigo" latitude="42.283333" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.716666" municipality="Meira Beach" name="Combarro Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Combarro Beach</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<location id="8EF06033FFC8FF8D0313FE975D6FE74D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2:8EF06033FFC8FF8D0313FE975D6FE74D" box="[867,1077,297,324]" county="Ria of Vigo" latitude="42.433334" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.7" municipality="Combarro Beach" name="Ria of Pontevedra" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Ria of Pontevedra</location>
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||
)
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D0435FE975DF4E74D" box="[1093,1198,296,324]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="42.433334">
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42
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<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D0411FE965D33E73F" attach="left" box="[1121,1129,296,310]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
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26’N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D04CCFE975C79E74D" box="[1212,1315,296,324]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="-8.7">
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8
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<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D04BFFE965D8DE73F" attach="none" box="[1231,1239,296,310]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
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42’ W
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</geoCoordinate>
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, intertidal,
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<collectingDate id="EFD5E9C0FFC8FF8D00E7FEF35864E76E" box="[151,318,333,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-02">
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<date id="FF911028FFC8FF8D00E7FEF35864E76E" box="[151,318,333,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B473CB5FFC8FF8D0139FEF35818E782" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2397829657" collectingDate="1976-02" collectionCode="MNCN" latitude="42.433334" location="Ria of Pontevedra" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.7" municipality="Combarro Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" specimenCode="MNCN 26.01" specimenCount="24" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="9D29FD61FFC8FF8D0139FEF3583FE76E" box="[329,357,333,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="generic">24</specimenCount>
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||
<typeStatus id="5494884AFFC8FF8D011BFEF05886E761" box="[363,476,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB899E93FFC8FF8D0197FEF35BD9E76E" box="[487,643,333,359]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="Museum">MNCN 26.01</specimenCode>
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/11
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4AC92FFC8FF8D02DAFEF35A32E76E" box="[682,872,333,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Combarro Beach</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(
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<location id="8EF06033FFC8FF8D0307FEF35D1EE761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2:8EF06033FFC8FF8D0307FEF35D1EE761" box="[887,1092,333,360]" county="Ria of Vigo" latitude="42.433334" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.7" municipality="Combarro Beach" name="Ria of Pontevedra" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Ria of Pontevedra</location>
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||
)
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D0422FEF35DE2E761" box="[1106,1208,332,360]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="42.433334">
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||
42
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||
<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D041EFEF25D2CE753" attach="left" box="[1134,1142,332,346]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
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||
26’N
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D04B3FEF35C7CE761" box="[1219,1318,332,360]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="-8.7">
|
||
8
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||
<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D04A5FEF25D87E753" attach="none" box="[1237,1245,332,346]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
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42’ W
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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, intertidal,
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<collectingDate id="EFD5E9C0FFC8FF8D00E7FECF5818E782" box="[151,322,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-02">
|
||
<date id="FF911028FFC8FF8D00E7FECF5818E782" box="[151,322,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B473CB5FFC8FF8D0120FECF598DE7A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2397829656" collectingDate="1976-06" collectionCode="MNCN" latitude="42.283333" location="Ria of Vigo" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.716666" municipality="Meira Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" specimenCode="MNCN 26.01/12" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D29FD61FFC8FF8D0120FECF5804E782" box="[336,350,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="generic">3</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494884AFFC8FF8D0118FECC5883E785" box="[360,473,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB899E93FFC8FF8D0197FECF5BF2E782" box="[487,680,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">MNCN 26.01/12</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4AC92FFC8FF8D02C3FECF5A1CE782" box="[691,838,369,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Meira Beach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
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<location id="8EF06033FFC8FF8D0328FECF5ABEE785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687FEFFC8FF8D00E7FF245C0DE2E2:8EF06033FFC8FF8D0328FECF5ABEE785" box="[856,996,369,396]" latitude="42.283333" longLatPrecision="1150" longitude="-8.716666" municipality="Meira Beach" name="Ria of Vigo" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Ria of Vigo</location>
|
||
)
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D0386FECF5D35E785" box="[1014,1135,368,396]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="42.283333">
|
||
42
|
||
<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D0468FECE5D7AE777" attach="left" box="[1048,1056,368,382]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
|
||
17’ N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502FFFC8FF8D040DFECF5DBEE782" box="[1149,1252,368,395]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" precision="925" value="-8.716666">
|
||
8
|
||
<superScript id="7C5A9BA0FFC8FF8D04E1FECE5DC3E777" attach="left" box="[1169,1177,368,382]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">o</superScript>
|
||
43’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9C0FFC8FF8D0519FECC5988E7A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-06">
|
||
<date id="FF911028FFC8FF8D0519FECC5988E7A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" value="1976-06">June 1976</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356563FFC8FF8D00B7FE045A97E7DA" box="[199,973,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00B7FE045A97E7DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,296,1260]" box="[199,973,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00B7FE045812E7DD" bold="true" box="[199,328,442,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet refers to the disc shape of the calyx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356563FFC8FF8D00B7FE635C0DE2E2" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00B7FE635C3AE532" blockId="2.[151,1437,296,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00B7FE63580BE7F1" bold="true" box="[199,337,477,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0DFFC8FF8D0262FE635BEAE7F1" box="[530,688,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="900.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1300 µm</quantity>
|
||
and stalk length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0DFFC8FF8D03E1FE635D7EE7F1" box="[913,1060,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.785" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="378.5" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="307.0">307–450 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Regarding the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494884AFFC8FF8D04A7FE635C63E7FE" box="[1239,1337,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0539FE635CD4E7FE" box="[1353,1422,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), its body length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0DFFC8FF8D0113FDBF5893E415" box="[355,457,513,540]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.264" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1264.0">1264 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and the stalk length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0DFFC8FF8D0281FDBF5A16E415" box="[753,844,513,540]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="441.0">441 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The calyx is large, with two wide wings conferring disc shape, thus giving the whole specimen a “table-tennis bat” appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D03AFFD9B5D10E436" box="[991,1098,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The wings arise as lateral expansions from the basal area of the stalk, totally surrounding the atrium. The calyx and the wings show an epidermis covered with a cuticle and an internal mesenchyme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D02ACFDD35A7AE481" box="[732,800,621,648]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The atrium is enclosed by a crown with 16–21 tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D00EFFD2F5856E4A5" box="[159,268,657,684]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The long stalk slightly enlarges at the end forming a sucking disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0463FD2F5DC1E4A5" box="[1043,1179,657,684]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2–4, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). A foot gland was not observed but small lappets with gland cells were seen in radial array at the stalk end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0431FD0B5DF0E4C6" box="[1089,1194,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The whole body has strong, mainly longitudinal musculature, but well-developed crossed diagonal musculature occurs in the transition between calyx and stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D01DBFD4358A6E51E" box="[427,508,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six rows of gland cells are found along the stalk, three of them frontal and the other three abfrontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0138FC9F58C3E532" box="[328,409,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stomach is a large sac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D02AFFC9F5A6AE532" box="[735,816,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), with two well-developed lateral pockets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D057EFC9F5C09E532" box="[1294,1363,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00B7FCFB581EE255" blockId="2.[151,1437,296,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Buds of different developmental stages are found in many specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0395FCFB5D35E556" box="[997,1135,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2, 4, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D040CFCFB5DC1E556" box="[1148,1179,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The buds arise in the anterolateral areas, at the level of the upper part of the stomach. No seasonal pattern of bud occurrence was observed. One or two pedunculated, elongate, drop-shaped structures are found at the frontal side near the basal end of the stomach of some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D025EFC0F5B25E5C2" box="[558,639,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,184,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 2. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the holotype specimen MNCN 26.01/10 showing the stalk (S), with a shucking disc (Sd) at the end, and the calyx with two wings (W), one bud (B) and two pedunculated, pointed structures resembling flasks organs (Fo). 3. Scanning electron micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen. 4. Light micrograph of the frontal view of another specimen in which the lateral pockets (Lp) of the stomach are shown. 5. Light micrograph of a histological transversal section showing the atrium (A) enclosed by a crown of tentacles (T) and a section of the rectum (R) containing faecal material. 6. Light micrograph of the frontal view of an area of the calyx showing two buds (B) and the atrium (A) enclosed by tentacles (T). 7. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the large stomach (St), containing ingested food, and tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D02FCFC0F5B8CE5C5" box="[652,726,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">14, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). They consist of a monolayer of epidermal cells covered with a cuticle, like that of the calyx. The epidermal layer is very thin in the distal part, but quite thick at the peduncle. Below the epidermal cells, the structures have a cavity divided in two chambers by a transverse wall; the cavity is filled with tightly packed, acidophilic granules. The mesenchyme of these organs is continuous with that of the calyx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D0093FBFF586DE255" box="[227,311,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1630,1655]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[209,1378,166,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Morphological features of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. 8. Light micrograph of a frontal view of the end of the stalk showing the sucking disc (Sd) with lappets (L) in radial array. 9. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section at the sucking disc (Sd) level showing abundant gland cells (Gc). 10. Light micrograph of a frontal view of a specimen at the stalk-calyx transition level showing crossed diagonal musculature (Cdm). 11. Light micrograph of the stalk showing two rows of gland cells (arrows) along the stalk. 12. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing the digestive tract, including the mouth (M) in the atrium (A), the oesophagus (O), the stomach (St) and the rectum (R) enclosing faecal material, which leads to the atrium through the anus. 13. Scanning electron micrograph showing a bud. 14. Scanning electron micrograph showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ. 15. Light micrograph of a histological longitudinal section showing a pedunculated, pointed structure resembling a flask organ; the arrows point out the continuity between calyx epidermis and that of the flask organ-like structure; note the continuity (arrowhead) between the calyx mesenchyme and the inside of the flask organ-like structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E8FFC8FF8D00B7FBDB5C0DE2E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,296,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFAFFC8FF8D00B7FBDB5870E289" bold="true" box="[199,298,1125,1152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens of this new species, which is interstitial, were collected in the intertidal zone of the beaches of Meira and Combarro (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EBF80AFFC8FF8D027DFB375B38E2AA" box="[525,610,1161,1187]" country="Spain" name="Galicia" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Galicia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3387678FFC8FF8D02D2FB375BB9E2AD" box="[674,739,1161,1188]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6DFFC8FF8D028AFB375A61E2AA" box="[762,827,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1676,1701]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,695,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,690,1636]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the locations, Combarro and Meira beaches, where the specimens of Loxosoma discoides n. sp. were collected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2806899/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
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) at tidal level between +0.5 and +
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0DFFC8FF8D04CAFB375DA6E2AD" box="[1210,1276,1161,1188]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="1.6">1.6 m</quantity>
|
||
. The substrate consisted of fine or medium sand with moderate selection coefficient; it showed an average organic content of 0.5%, and its porosity oscillated between 44% and 47%; the recorded salinity of interstitial water was around 34%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |