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<document id="4F1113A0C73DD1B7C0294C692F7EF996" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617217534528" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W." docDate="2004" docId="038687FCFF8EA74E3A0D05F0FE0070CD" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.38.805-861.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Oswaldella frigida Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="832" masterDocId="FFBFFF84FF94A75238720600FFFA7605" masterDocTitle="Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="861" masterPageNumber="805" pageNumber="830" updateTime="1698898405091" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F8D5A6ADB1E5EAE2B95CA485C9901EC5">Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="458B2BA6B49828300761DB57E45A0B54">Peña Cantero, A. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A756633BD8C7AD560DD50BBA14B8692E">Vervoort, W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B4DCA17D6B532D88B7C9F59068C97F90">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DAF87339B88B8F75384980C0E7D32643">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5DA41D7B76E9F5D441CC9156B4A55258">2004-04-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F2D02428A990DE219D640F0DC18B5E1F">38</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3356561FF8EA7483A0D05F0FC54720D" box="[639,942,1008,1032]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8EA7483A0D05F0FC54720D" blockId="26.[639,942,1008,1065]" box="[639,942,1008,1032]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">
<heading id="D0D88186FF8EA7483A0D05F0FC54720D" box="[639,942,1008,1032]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF8EA7483A0D05F0FCB0720D" ID-CoL="75CXR" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[639,842,1008,1032]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA7483A0D05F0FCB0720D" bold="true" box="[639,842,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">Oswaldella frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF8EA7483B2105F1FC54720D" box="[851,942,1009,1032]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356561FF8EA74E3AC70211FE0070CD" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="832" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8EA7483AC70211FC82722C" blockId="26.[639,942,1008,1065]" box="[693,888,1041,1065]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">
(
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483ACE0211FCE9722C" box="[700,787,1041,1065]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6AD0351FF8EA7483B500211FC95722C" box="[802,879,1041,1065]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="28.[463,520,177,199]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (in Mm)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8EA7483913024DFD9A72A0" blockId="26.[313,1269,1099,1736]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA7483913024DFDC87260" box="[353,562,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA7483A32024DFD767260" box="[576,652,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">691/26</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B473CB7FF8EA7483AEB024DFB0A7260" box="[665,1264,1100,1125]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="USNM 1003325" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
one stem
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA7483B76024DFCE77261" box="[772,797,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD79B0FFF8EA7483B51024CFC947261" box="[803,878,1100,1125]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
high (
<typeStatus id="54948848FF8EA7483BC7024DFBE47260" box="[949,1054,1101,1125]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DB899E91FF8EA7483C5B024DFB127260" box="[1065,1256,1100,1125]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="Museum">USNM 1003325</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B473CB7FF8EA748394B026DFDA772A0" collectionCode="USNM, MNCN" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="USNM 1003326, MNCN 2.03" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA748394B026DFE657280" box="[313,415,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">721/1063</emphasis>
, three stem fragments up to
<quantity id="4CD79B0FFF8EA7483A82026CFCC07281" box="[752,826,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
high (
<specimenCode id="DB899E91FF8EA7483BF8026DFBB27280" box="[906,1096,1133,1157]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="Museum">USNM 1003326</specimenCode>
; RMNH-Coel. 30212;
<specimenCode id="DB899E91FF8EA74839F9028DFDE672A0" box="[395,540,1165,1189]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" type="Museum">MNCN 2.03</specimenCode>
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA7483A6E028CFDDF72A0" box="[540,549,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">/</emphasis>
233)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8EA748391302AEFB967042" blockId="26.[313,1269,1099,1736]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA748391302AEFE1A72C0" box="[353,480,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies consisting of monosiphonic and unbranched stems up to
<quantity id="4CD79B0FFF8EA748394B02CDFE7E72E0" box="[313,388,1229,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="830" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
high. Hydrocaulus provided with apophyses alternately arranged in one plane and forming two longitudinal series. Cauline apophyses directed upwards, forming an angle of
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA74839B3030EFE207320" box="[449,474,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">ca</emphasis>
45
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8EA748398E030EFDFC7323" bold="true" box="[508,518,1294,1318]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">°</emphasis>
with long axis of stem. Stem divided into internodes with usually one or two apophyses per internode although up to four apophyses have been observed. Cauline apophyses with three (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483B6D034EFC737363" box="[799,905,1358,1382]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8C</figureCitation>
), occasionally four (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483CF1034EFB117363" box="[1155,1259,1358,1382]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8B</figureCitation>
) nematophores: two axillary nematophores, each one emerging through a simple perisarc hole, and one more emerging through a mamelon. Occasionally an extra nematophore is present, emerging through a second mamelon. Cauline apophyses supporting hydrocladia with asymmetrical branching (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483BD903CFFBE073E2" box="[939,1050,1487,1511]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8A</figureCitation>
). First hydocladial internode bifurcated, giving rise to two unequally developed prongs, this process being repeated at the next internodes; ramifications all in one plane. Cauline apophyses and hydrocladia separated by a distinct node (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483BBC002FFBA47042" box="[974,1118,1583,1607]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8EA7483913004FFB0E70CD" blockId="26.[313,1269,1099,1736]" pageId="26" pageNumber="830">
Hydrocladia homomerously divided into hydrothecate internodes, each provided with one hydrotheca and two nematophores (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF8EA7483B2E006FFC4B7082" box="[860,945,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="26" pageNumber="830">figure 8</figureCitation>
DK): one mesial superior nematophore, emerging through a simple perisarc hole situated behind free adcauline hydrothecal wall, and one mesial inferior nematophore emerging through a hole
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF506662FF8FA749394B0022FC8C70B9" pageId="27" pageNumber="831" startId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" targetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF8FA749394B0022FC8C70B9" blockId="27.[313,1269,1570,1725]" pageId="27" pageNumber="831">
FIG. 8.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF8FA74939E70022FDB67032" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,588,1570,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="831" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8FA74939E70022FDB67032" box="[405,588,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="831">Oswaldella frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF8FA7493A260022FD5D7032" box="[596,679,1570,1591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="831" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8FA7493C47008BFBC770A7" box="[1077,1085,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="831">/</emphasis>
26; F, J, K, Stn 721
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8FA74939D600A5FE5670B9" box="[420,428,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="831">/</emphasis>
1063). Scale bar: 1 mm (A), 250
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF8FA7493B7200A6FCF770B8" box="[768,781,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="831">M</emphasis>
m (BK).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF506662FF88A74E39BD06B1FBA476C2" box="[463,1118,177,200]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E39BD06B1FBA476C2" blockId="28.[463,1118,177,200]" box="[463,1118,177,200]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
Table 2. Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3A8006B1FC5376C3" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[754,937,177,198]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A8006B1FC5376C3" box="[754,937,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Oswaldella frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3BC306B2FBF976C2" box="[945,1027,178,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(in
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3C5F06B1FBC076CD" box="[1069,1082,177,200]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">M</emphasis>
m).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A6A06E7FD6676F8" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[536,668,231,253]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Hydrothecae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A420701FBEA7713" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[560,1040,257,279]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Length of abcauline wall 80120</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A42071CFBFE7734" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[560,1028,284,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Length of free part of adcauline wall 2030</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A420736FBEA7748" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[560,1040,310,333]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Diameter at rim 130150</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A6A0751FD867762" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[536,636,337,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Internode</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A42076CFBEB7784" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[560,1041,363,386]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Length 680730</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E3A420786FBEA7799" blockId="28.[536,1041,231,412]" box="[560,1040,389,412]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Diameter under hydrotheca 150170</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E394B07F4FBFB7429" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">situated on a strong elevation of the internode and deprived of any kind of nematotheca. Top of distal hydrocladial internodes truncated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E39130434FCB674AE" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
Hydrotheca shallow, placed on proximal half of internode or in the middle (
<figureCitation id="13142A6FFF88A74E39320454FE6F7469" box="[320,405,596,620]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[313,329,1570,1591]" captionTargetBox="[9,1260,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[321,1263,178,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 8. Oswaldella frigida sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and arrangement of hydrothecae; (B) cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons, as well as branched hydrocladium; (C) cauline apophysis with two axillary nematophores and a single mamelon; (DK) hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca and both mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (AE, GI, Stn 691/26; F, J, K, Stn 721/1063). Scale bar: 1mm (A), 250 Mm (BK)." pageId="28" pageNumber="832">figure 8</figureCitation>
DK). Hydrothecal aperture frontally depressed; rim uneven due to the presence of two strongly developed lateral lobes. Hydrotheca provided with a conspicuous free portion of its adcauline wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E391304B3FDBE74CE" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" box="[353,580,691,715]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Gonothecae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E391304D3FC76702D" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E391304D3FE3E74EE" box="[353,452,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E39A004D3FD6674EE" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[466,668,723,747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39A004D3FD6674EE" box="[466,668,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Oswaldella frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3AD104D4FD0674EE" box="[675,764,724,747]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3B0D04D4FC1574EE" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[895,1007,723,747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B0D04D4FC1574EE" box="[895,1007,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general appearance, but differs in many respects (cf.
<tableCitation id="C6AD0351FF88A74E3AB604F3FCEB750E" box="[708,785,755,779]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[912,968,395,418]" captionText="Table 1. Major features of the known species of" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">table 1</tableCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3B2404F3FC36750E" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[854,972,755,779]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B2404F3FC36750E" box="[854,972,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is usually a single nematophore on the cauline apophyses emerging through a simple axillary perisarc hole (occasionally two), in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3A1D0533FD26754E" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[623,732,819,843]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A1D0533FD26754E" box="[623,732,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3A960533FCC4754F" box="[740,830,819,842]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
there are typically four nematophores on the cauline apophyses, two axillary nematophores emerging each from a perisarc hole and two more emerging each from a mamelon (occasionally only a single mamelon). Also, though in both species the hydrotheca is frontally depressed, in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E394B05B3FE5F75CF" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[313,421,946,970]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E394B05B3FE5F75CF" box="[313,421,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E39DF05B3FDFD75CF" box="[429,519,947,970]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that frontal depression is much better developed; in fact, in many hydrothecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E398705D3FD9175EF" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[501,619,978,1002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E398705D3FD9175EF" box="[501,619,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the rim is even. Moreover, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3C3C05D3FB3F75EF" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1102,1221,978,1002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3C3C05D3FB3F75EF" box="[1102,1221,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the hydrotheca is adnate over the entire adcauline wall, that adcauline hydrothecal wall usually has a distinct free portion in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3AAC0212FCB1722F" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[734,843,1042,1066]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3AAC0212FCB1722F" box="[734,843,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3B260212FC54722C" box="[852,942,1042,1065]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3BA50212FBB3722F" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[983,1097,1042,1066]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3BA50212FBB3722F" box="[983,1097,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the top of the distal hydrocladial internodes is pointed, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3BEB0232FBFD724F" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[921,1031,1074,1098]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3BEB0232FBFD724F" box="[921,1031,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3C620232FB91724C" box="[1040,1131,1074,1097]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that part is truncated. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E39A70252FDBD726F" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[469,583,1106,1130]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39A70252FDBD726F" box="[469,583,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the hydrocladial arrangement is usually symmetrical, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E394B0272FE5E728F" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[313,420,1138,1162]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E394B0272FE5E728F" box="[313,420,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E39D80272FDF8728C" box="[426,514,1138,1161]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that disposition is asymmetrical. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3BE40272FBFC728F" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[918,1030,1138,1162]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3BE40272FBFC728F" box="[918,1030,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the first hydrocladial internode is distinctly bifurcated, giving rise to two secondary prongs of equal development, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3A3E02B2FD4572CC" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[588,703,1201,1225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A3E02B2FD4572CC" box="[588,703,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3ABF02B2FCD772CC" box="[717,813,1202,1225]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that first internode gives rise to two unequally developed prongs that could be seen as the first-order hydrocladium giving rise to several secondary hydrocladia. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3B6402F2FC73730C" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[790,905,1265,1289]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B6402F2FC73730C" box="[790,905,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the cauline apophyses form an angle of
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39D30312FE40732C" box="[417,442,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">ca</emphasis>
70
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39AC0311FE12732C" bold="true" box="[478,488,1297,1321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">°</emphasis>
with the long axis of the stem, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3B950312FBAC732C" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[999,1110,1297,1321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B950312FBAC732C" box="[999,1110,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3C120312FB47732C" box="[1120,1213,1298,1321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that angle is
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39EC0332FE4D734C" box="[414,439,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">ca</emphasis>
45
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39AF0331FE1D734C" bold="true" box="[477,487,1329,1353]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">°</emphasis>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3A6D0331FD6A734C" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[543,656,1329,1353]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A6D0331FD6A734C" box="[543,656,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3AEE0331FD00734D" box="[668,762,1329,1352]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
there is a distinct node separating cauline apophyses and hydrocladia; such a node is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3BE20351FBFB736C" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[912,1025,1361,1385]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3BE20351FBFB736C" box="[912,1025,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only in the youngest stems is it possible to find an indistinctly indicated node. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3B890371FB94738C" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1019,1134,1393,1417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B890371FB94738C" box="[1019,1134,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the stem is slightly geniculate, due to the arrangement and structure of the cauline apophyses, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E39CE03B1FDD373CD" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[444,553,1456,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39CE03B1FDD373CD" box="[444,553,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3A4003B1FD7473CD" box="[562,654,1457,1480]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the stem is straight. Finally, in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3C7203B1FB8973CD" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1024,1139,1456,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3C7203B1FB8973CD" box="[1024,1139,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the hydrocladia proximally follow the angle of
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B7A03D1FCDB73ED" box="[776,801,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">ca</emphasis>
70
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3B3B03D0FCA973ED" bold="true" box="[841,851,1488,1512]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">°</emphasis>
of the cauline apophyses, curving strongly upwards distally, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3A9A03F1FCAF700D" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[744,853,1520,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A9A03F1FCAF700D" box="[744,853,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">O. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3B2F03F1FC42700D" box="[861,952,1521,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the hydrocladia completely follow the angle of
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A690011FDCE702D" box="[539,564,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">ca</emphasis>
45
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3A250010FD9B702D" bold="true" box="[599,609,1552,1576]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">°</emphasis>
of the cauline apophyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E39130030FE6B708D" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39130030FD80704D" box="[353,634,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3AFD0030FCA4704D" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2004" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[655,862,1584,1608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3AFD0030FCA4704D" box="[655,862,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Oswaldella frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CB7FF88A74E3B1E0031FE77708D" county="Low Island" elevation="84" location="South" municipality="Nelson Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2685783FF88A74E3B1E0031FC31704D" box="[876,971,1585,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been collected from depths of
<quantity id="4CD79B0FFF88A74E39DF0050FDC97062" box="[429,563,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" unit="m" value="84.0" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="44.0">
<elevation id="0002D1D9FF88A74E39DF0050FDC97062" box="[429,563,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" unit="m" value="84.0" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="44.0">44 to 124 m</elevation>
</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="62F14E66FF88A74E3A110050FD1C706D" box="[611,742,1616,1640]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Low Island</collectingCounty>
and off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4AC90FF88A74E3B380050FC16706D" box="[842,1004,1616,1640]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Nelson Island</collectingMunicipality>
, in the
<location id="8EF06031FF88A74E3C360050FB7D706D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687FCFF8EA74E3A0D05F0FE0070CD:8EF06031FF88A74E3C360050FB7D706D" box="[1092,1159,1616,1640]" county="Low Island" municipality="Nelson Island" name="South" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">South</location>
<collectingRegion id="49EBF808FF88A74E3CE30050FE77708D" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036EAFF88A74E39130090FE0070CD" blockId="28.[313,1269,500,1736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E39130090FE2370AD" box="[353,473,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D69FF88A74E3ACF0090FCFC70AD" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[701,774,1680,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="832" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="B95BEAF8FF88A74E3ACF0090FCFC70AD" box="[701,774,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="832">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the frigid conditions under which this species lives.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>