treatments-xml/data/03/86/87/03868785FFDCFFAAFF76F888FBA57A6C.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<mods:title id="D265ED4636A1DA2053510D0A86E211F4">New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="13F9E96BFBEC75F4E71A7F14270484E4">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B451C04FB9F5E2EE473DCD0EC9C09E1">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA0559165A36A3F29D9217395A90EE06">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBF32ABED0A9E25002CE07029C415FB5">Buss, Eileen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD5EAEA731648FF64CB15EECA450C748">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B965F656A1A5C8EFCA97635F049F9BA9">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03868785FFDCFFAAFF76F888FBA57A6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191881044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5821714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFDCFFAAFF76F888FBA57A6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868785FFDCFFAAFF76F888FBA57A6C" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDCFFA9FF76F888FE787C8F" box="[151,414,1899,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDCFFA9FF76F888FE787C8F" blockId="85.[151,414,1899,1926]" box="[151,414,1899,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0D881FFFFDCFFA9FF76F888FE787C8F" bold="true" box="[151,414,1899,1926]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDCFFA9FF76F888FE787C8F" ID-CoL="5GX4" ID-ENA="2716790" authority="Mayr, 1881" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,414,1899,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDCFFA9FF76F888FE787C8F" bold="true" box="[151,414,1899,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDCFFA9FF76F888FEEF7C8F" bold="true" box="[151,265,1899,1926]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Loxaulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDCFFA9FEF0F88FFE787C8F" author="Mayr, G." box="[273,414,1900,1926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref66084" refString="Mayr, G. (1881) Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresberichte der Communal-Oberrealschule im I. Bezirke, Wien, 20, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1881">Mayr, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDCFFAAFF76F857FBA57A6C" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDCFFAAFF76F857FBA57A6C" blockId="85.[151,1436,1972,2034]" lastBlockId="86.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Currently 14 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDCFFA9FE4AF857FDF47CC7" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[427,530,1972,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDCFFA9FE4AF857FDF47CC7" box="[427,530,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from America north of
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDCFFA9FC46F857FC197CC7" box="[935,1023,1972,1998]" name="Mexico" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, which are associated with different
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDCFFA9FF76F83BFF137CFB" box="[151,245,2008,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDCFFA9FF76F83BFF137CFB" box="[151,245,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDCFFA9FE86F83BFE117CFB" author="Dailey, D. C." box="[359,503,2008,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="145 - 146" refId="ref64529" refString="Dailey, D. C. (1977) Elevation of Loxaulus brunneus variety atrior (Kinsey) to full species status (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 53 (2), 145 - 146." type="journal article" year="1977">Dailey 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDCFFA9FDE2F83BFD6F7CFB" author="Burks, B. D." box="[515,649,2008,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref64064" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDCFFA9FD74F83BFC497CFB" author="Dailey, D. C. &amp; Sprenger, C. M." box="[661,943,2008,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="42 - 49" refId="ref64687" refString="Dailey, D. C. &amp; Sprenger, C. M. (1983) Gall-inducing cynipid wasps from Quercus dunnii Kellogg (Hymenoptera). The Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 59 (1 - 4), 42 - 49." type="journal article" year="1983">Dailey &amp; Sprenger 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDCFFA9FC5AF83BFAE27CFB" author="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G." box="[955,1284,2008,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="198 - 211" refId="ref66455" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G. (2000) Review of the cynipid gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102 (1), 198 - 211." type="journal article" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDCFFA9FC5AF83BFBEC7CFB" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2021" box="[955,1034,2008,2034]" genus="Melika" pageId="85" pageNumber="130" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Melika</taxonomicName>
&amp; Abrahamson 2000
</bibRefCitation>
): five species gall section
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<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFEFEFF74FE9B7BB8" box="[287,381,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one species galls section
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<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFD46FF74FCE77BB9" box="[679,769,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virentes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one galls section
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFC32FF74FBC97BB8" authorityName="Loudon" authorityYear="1830" box="[979,1071,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lobatae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFC32FF74FBC97BB8" box="[979,1071,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Lobatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, three gall section
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFAE4FF74FA7A7BB8" box="[1285,1436,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" genus="Protobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFAE4FF74FA7A7BB8" box="[1285,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Protobalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and for the other four species the hosts are unknown. Four new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFC07FF58FBAB7BDC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[998,1101,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFC07FF58FBAB7BDC" box="[998,1101,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have recently been described from
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDFFFAAFF35FF3CFECB7BF0" box="[212,301,223,249]" name="Panama" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Panama</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDFFFAAFE82FF3CFE5F7BF0" box="[355,441,223,249]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDFFFAAFE26FF3CFD277BF0" author="Medianero, E. &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Melika, G." box="[455,705,223,249]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref66250" refString="Medianero, E., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Melika, G. (2011) Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama. Zootaxa, 2811, 37 - 46." type="journal article" year="2011">
Medianero
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFDA8FF3CFD9C7BF0" box="[585,634,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
, Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFC89FF3CFC467BF0" box="[872,928,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2014b), three from section
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB34FF3CFAD57BF0" box="[1237,1331,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB34FF3CFAD57BF0" box="[1237,1331,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oaks and one from a section
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFE8CFEE0FE2F7A14" authorityName="Loudon" authorityYear="1830" box="[365,457,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lobatae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFE8CFEE0FE2F7A14" box="[365,457,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Lobatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oak (although the latter record must be reviewed). As is the case with
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB3BFEE0FA807A15" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1242,1382,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB3BFEE0FA807A15" box="[1242,1382,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dryocosmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this variation in host section implies this genus may be polyphyletic. Herein we describe one new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFAE1FEC4FEA57A6C" authority="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFAE1FEC4FA7A7A49" box="[1280,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. virginianae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Buss
</taxonomicName>
, which is associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFD86FEA8FD1B7A6D" box="[615,765,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFD86FEA8FD1B7A6D" box="[615,765,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in the oak section
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFC38FEA8FBD57A6D" box="[985,1075,331,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Virentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFC38FEA8FBD57A6D" box="[985,1075,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virentes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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