443 lines
96 KiB
XML
443 lines
96 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2021.012" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167211" approvalRequired="25" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="21" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1665258840258" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Štamberg, Stanislav & Steyer, Jean-Sébastien" docDate="2021" docId="03868781FF8FFFE61E997F28FB868419" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.77.1.145-165.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 77 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FFBFFFF9FF86FFE91D237A6CFFCF830F" masterDocTitle="New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1665272246498" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title>New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Štamberg, Stanislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Steyer, Jean-Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number>77</mods:number>
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<mods:start>145</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2021.012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167211</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868781FF8FFFE61E997F28FB868419" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868781FF8FFFE61E997F28FB868419" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[954,1324,1348,1373]" box="[954,1324,1348,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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<heading box="[954,1324,1348,1373]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="POPLIN, 1999" authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[954,1324,1348,1373]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1324,1348,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1176,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[1183,1258,1349,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">POPLIN</bibRefCitation>
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, 1999
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1062,1217,1381,1405]" box="[1062,1217,1381,1405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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<figureCitation box="[1062,1217,1381,1405]" captionStart-0="Text-fig" captionStart-1="Text-fig" captionStart-2="Text-fig" captionStart-3="Text-fig" captionStartId-0="10.[147,228,1573,1594]" captionStartId-1="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionStartId-2="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionStartId-3="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox-0="[147,1462,151,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetBox-2="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetBox-3="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetId-0="figure-211@10.[145,1465,149,1556]" captionTargetId-1="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetId-2="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="Text-fig. 7. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a, b: whitened photograph and drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, GMC 56, scale bars 5 mm; c, d: drawing and whitened photograph of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 84, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dsph – dermosphenotic, Dpt – dermopterotic, Fr – frontal, infs – interfrontal suture, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, Pa – parietal, pl – parietal pit line, soc – supraorbital sensory canal." captionText-1="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." captionText-2="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." captionText-3="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167225" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7167225/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Text-figs 7–10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[858,1258,1429,1455]" box="[858,1258,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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D i a g n o s i s. See
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<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1071,1254,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1460,1476,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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M a t e r i a l. Forty specimens are described here: GMC 1–11, 22, 25, 29, 38, 41–43, 54–57, 60–62, 74–75, 77, 81–84, 86, 92, 97, 101, 115–116, 125, 127, 130 and G 123. They correspond to body portions, isolated bones and disarticulated skull bones. They represent juvenile specimens of
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<quantity box="[966,1079,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 mm</quantity>
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of total body length (e.g., GMC 11, GMC 83) and adult specimens with a lower jaw length of
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<quantity box="[820,894,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
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(e.g., GMC 1, GMC 130, G 123).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1460,1751,2100]" lastBlockId="10.[843,1483,1753,2098]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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D e s c r i p t i o n.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1058,1174,1751,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Skull roof</emphasis>
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. The skull roof is clearly visible in GMC 56 which the frontal, parietal, dermopterotic and dermosphenotic bones are preserved (
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<figureCitation box="[1253,1401,1816,1840]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[147,228,1573,1594]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[145,1465,149,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 7. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a, b: whitened photograph and drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, GMC 56, scale bars 5 mm; c, d: drawing and whitened photograph of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 84, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dsph – dermosphenotic, Dpt – dermopterotic, Fr – frontal, infs – interfrontal suture, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, Pa – parietal, pl – parietal pit line, soc – supraorbital sensory canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167225/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Text-fig. 7a, b</figureCitation>
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). The frontal is very elongated, three times longer than it is wide. Its anterior edge is convex and rounded. Its lateral border has no processes. It makes contact with the dermosphenotic along most of its lateral edge and slightly with the dermopterotic in its posterior region. The interfrontal suture forms a significant process. Traces of the supraorbital canal are visible on both frontals. The supraorbital canal runs along the frontal, from its anterior border posteriorly to its lateral edge. It does not run close to the lateral edge of the frontal, as in many Palaeozoic actinopterygians, but extends to about one-third of the width of the bone from its lateral edge (
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<figureCitation box="[136,285,1849,1873]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[147,228,1573,1594]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[145,1465,149,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 7. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a, b: whitened photograph and drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, GMC 56, scale bars 5 mm; c, d: drawing and whitened photograph of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 84, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dsph – dermosphenotic, Dpt – dermopterotic, Fr – frontal, infs – interfrontal suture, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, Pa – parietal, pl – parietal pit line, soc – supraorbital sensory canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167225/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Text-fig. 7a, b</figureCitation>
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). The sculpture on the exposed surface of the frontal is very conspicuous, and consists of very short ridges anteroposteriorly oriented. The ossification centre of the bone lies at equal distance between its anterior and posterior borders where the supraorbital canal runs. The shape of the parietal cannot be determinate accurately because its contact with the dermopterotic is covered by ornamentation, and its posterior region is missing. The supraorbital canal runs from the frontal to the parietal on which its anterior pit line is preserved. The sculpture on the parietal is similar to that of the frontal. The dermosphenotic is narrow and triangular; pointing anteriorly and slightly widening posteriorly. It borders the frontal laterally and the dermopterotic posteriorly. The dermosphenotic-dermopterotic borderline is displaced posteriorly but it is slightly anterior to, and aligned with, the fronto-parietal borderline. The dermopterotic is slightly elongated with traces of the infraorbital canal laterally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167225/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" startId="10.[147,228,1573,1594]" targetBox="[147,1462,151,1552]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[147,1463,1573,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,255,1573,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Text-fig. 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="POPLIN, 1999" authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[259,591,1573,1594]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[259,530,1573,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[259,457,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[462,530,1573,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">POPLIN</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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, 1999
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</taxonomicName>
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. a, b: whitened photograph and drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, GMC 56, scale bars 5 mm; c, d: drawing and whitened photograph of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 84, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dsph – dermosphenotic, Dpt – dermopterotic, Fr – frontal, infs – interfrontal suture, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, Pa – parietal, pl – parietal pit line, soc – supraorbital sensory canal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[843,1483,1753,2098]" lastBlockId="11.[106,745,1587,2100]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
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An isolated right frontal is visible in dorsal view on GMC 81 (
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<figureCitation box="[946,1070,2073,2097]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Text-fig. 9d</figureCitation>
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), it is twice longer than wide but widens posteriorly. Its medial edge forms a smooth narrow strip on which the left frontal was overlapping. The interfrontal suture forms a small but conspicuous process which maintained both right and left frontals. The dorsal sculpture of the frontal consists of conspicuous short ridges posteriorly and tubercles anteriorly. The intersection of the ridges and tubercles marks the region of the radiation centre where the supraorbital sensory canal runs at the level of the interfrontal suture process. The supraorbital canal is not well preserved on the dorsal surface of the frontal but its posterior opening is visible at the level of a posterior notch of the bone.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" startId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" targetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[125,1441,1348,1516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,231,1348,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Text-fig. 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="POPLIN, 1999" authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[237,565,1348,1369]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,504,1348,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,431,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[437,504,1348,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">POPLIN</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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, 1999
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</taxonomicName>
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. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,745,1587,2100]" lastBlockId="11.[820,1459,1587,2102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
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The shape of the frontal, a curved interfrontal suture forming a large process, ornamentation composed of short anteroposterior ridges, and a dermopterotic-dermosphenotic borderline not extending beyond the frontal-parietal borderline are typical characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[514,738,2076,2100]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
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<emphasis box="[514,738,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also known from the Permian of Buxières-les-Mines (
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<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[827,995,1620,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[820,1459,1587,2102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1015,1652,1676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Parasphenoid</emphasis>
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. The bone is visible in dorsal view on GMC 84 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[923,1072,1685,1709]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[147,228,1573,1594]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[145,1465,149,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 7. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a, b: whitened photograph and drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, GMC 56, scale bars 5 mm; c, d: drawing and whitened photograph of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 84, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dsph – dermosphenotic, Dpt – dermopterotic, Fr – frontal, infs – interfrontal suture, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, Pa – parietal, pl – parietal pit line, soc – supraorbital sensory canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167225/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Text-fig. 7c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
), the corpus parasphenoidis stretches anteroposteriorly. It narrows anteriorly and terminates semicircularly posteriorly. Its ossification centre is located at the level of the bucco-hypophysial foramen, in the posterior third of the corpus parasphenoidis. A significant convex medial part extends from this ossification centre to the anterior edge of the bone, and along its medial part, passes grooves where the parabasal canal continues. The paired processus ascendens posterior extend laterally in the posterior third of the corpus parasphenoidis, at an angle of 60°. This angle of 60°, together with the shape of the parasphenoid, is similar to the angle of 68° detected in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[1175,1396,2043,2067]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1396,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Buxières-les-Mines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1043,1211,2076,2102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" startId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" targetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[147,1463,1510,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,257,1510,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="POPLIN, 1999" authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[264,602,1510,1531]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,539,1510,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,464,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[471,539,1510,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">POPLIN</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[128,768,1749,2093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,328,1749,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Preoperculum</emphasis>
|
||
. It is partly preserved on G 123 where it appears as an elongated bone, bent along the posterior and dorsal borders of the maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[516,647,1813,1837]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsally, its posterior region is smooth and narrow whereas its anterior region is widened and ornamented by elongated ridges. Its anterior branch is deep and concave anteriorly. Its anterodorsal corner is more pronounced anteriorly than its anteroventral corner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[128,768,1749,2093]" lastBlockId="13.[106,745,151,2095]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,253,2004,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
. This bone can be observed on both juvenile (e.g., GMC 60, GMC 83;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[397,520,2037,2061]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and adult (e.g., G 123;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[128,252,2069,2093]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
) specimens and has a length from
|
||
<quantity box="[624,764,2069,2093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60 to 80 mm</quantity>
|
||
. It consists of a narrow anterior suborbital region and a long deep maxillary plate. In juvenile and larger specimens (e.g., GMC 43;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[960,1088,1814,1838]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
), the length of the maxillary plate is about half that of the bone and its height twice that of the bone. This maxillary plate extends posteroventrally as a strong process. In GMC 83, the maxilla is visible in medial view with a distinct horizontal lamina forming a ventral maxillary edge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1041,1183,1977,2001]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Text-fig. 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
). This horizontal lamina extends from the anterior extremity of the maxilla to one third of the maxillary plate length. The maxillary plate of the adult specimen G 123 exhibits ornamentation composed of numerous tubercles along posterior margin of the plate. These long ridges turn into vermicular ridges towards the centre of the maxillary plate. Dorsally, the maxillary plate also bears long ridges arranged anteroposteriorly. The apices of the tubercles and ridges bear microsculpture consisting of ridges similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[432,655,311,335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,655,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">Poplin 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[180,353,344,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sculpture is missing on the dorsal part of the anterior suborbital region of the bone and on the anterior part of the maxillary plate because they were overlapped by the large jugal and the narrow lacrymal. The angle between the anterior margin of the maxillary plate and the denticulate ventral margin of the maxilla is about 35° in the juvenile specimens GMC 43 and GMC 75. It is extrapolated to between 45° and 50° in the adult specimen G 123 where the anterior margin of the maxillary is not well preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[106,745,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,268,663,688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Lower jaw</emphasis>
|
||
. This is a robust element of the skull. The dentalosplenial is preserved in the juvenile specimens GMC 43 and GMC 83 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[256,404,727,752]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 8a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the adults GMC 1 (Textfig. 9a, b) and GMC 130 together with a poorly preserved pars articularis posteriorly. In juveniles, the exposed lateral surface of the dentalosplenial bears sculpture composed of long ridges parallel to the ventral edge of the bone. In adults, short ridges and tubercles are visible along the ventral edge and anterior region of the bone, whereas its posterior region bears long ridges running parallel to the ventral edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[106,745,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,251,983,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
. On both the dentalosplenial and maxilla, the teeth are arranged in two rows; the outer row consisting of numerous small and sharply pointed teeth and the inner row of large conical teeth. The juvenile GMC 83 has 12–14 large conical teeth in its inner row. These large conical teeth are thinner than those of the adults and are sometimes (e.g., GMC 42) not regularly spaced. On the maxilla of the adult G 123 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[186,313,1207,1232]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
), the large conical teeth are
|
||
<quantity box="[616,744,1207,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="5.65" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="3.8">3.8–7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity box="[208,337,1240,1264]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.9">1.9–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (= height/width ratio of 2–2.3). The highest teeth are in the anterior region of the maxilla, their height then decreases posteriorly and the shortest ones are on the ventral edge of the maxillary plate. The maxilla carries large conical teeth along the ventral edge of the posterior region of the maxillary plate. On the lower jaw, the inner row is composed of the same large conical teeth which are regularly spaced (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[414,572,1463,1488]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). This dentition is consistent with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[408,633,1495,1519]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,633,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Bourbon-l’Archambault Basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[471,619,1527,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">Poplin 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarly the microsculpture formed by fine protuberances of elliptical shape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[471,636,1591,1615]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 10i, k</figureCitation>
|
||
) covering the whole surface of the tooth, in addition to the acrodin apex, is the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[373,595,1655,1679]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,595,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[106,286,1688,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 15d, e, g) and in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Štamberg & Steyer, 2021" authorityName="Štamberg & Steyer" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pygopteridae" genus="Briveichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chantepieorum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Briveichthys chantepieorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[274,438,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The elliptical protuberances are proximo-distally elongated, they have an outer sharp edge, and it is assumed that these fine edges facilitated the penetration of the tooth into the meat tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[106,745,151,2095]" lastBlockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,206,1848,1872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Jugal</emphasis>
|
||
. It is preserved in medial view on GMC 7 where it is oval, slightly elongated dorsoventrally, and it forms the posterior edge of the orbit (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[472,605,1911,1936]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 8e</figureCitation>
|
||
). It covered the anterior part of the maxillary plate during the animal’s lifetime. The infraorbital canal has an arcuate shape on the anterior half of the bone. On the lateral surface of the jugal its ornamented negative imprint is exposed. Ventrally, the ornamentation consists of a long ridge parallel to the ventral branch of the infraorbital canal. Posteriorly and dorsally, it consists of short ridges vermicularly arranged. This large jugal is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[1237,1459,215,239]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1237,1459,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bourbon-l’Archambault (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1149,1315,248,274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Schindler 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Schindler" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Elonichthyidae" genus="Elonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germari">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Elonichthys germari</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schindler, T." box="[934,1115,279,304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref14761" refString="Schindler, T. (2018): Neubeschreibung und erste Rekonstruktion von Elonichthys germari Giebel, 1848 (Pisces, Actinopterygii; Oberkarbon, Mitteldeutschland). - Hallesches Jahrbuch fur Geowissenschaften, 41: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2018">Schindler 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(FRITSCH, 1895) (Stamberg 2010)" authorityName="Stamberg" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="FRITSCH" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Actinopterygii" family="Elonichthyidae" genus="Elonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krejcii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1258,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">E. krejcii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fritsch, A." box="[1288,1452,279,303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="105 - 132" refId="ref12958" refString="Fritsch, A. (1895): Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Bohmens. Bd. III, H. 2. - F. Rivnac, Prag, pp. 105 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1895">FRITSCH, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[827,993,312,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref15292" refString="Stamberg, S. (2010): Taxonomic remarks on Rhabdolepis saarbrueckensis Gardiner, 1963 (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) and its relationships to some actinopterygians from the Late Carboniferous of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. - Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179 (15): 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="2010">Štamberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gardiner 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Gardiner" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1011,1459,311,336]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Moythomasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durgaringa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1282,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Moythomasia durgaringa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, B. G." box="[1295,1452,311,336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="173 - 428" refId="ref13208" refString="Gardiner, B. G. (1984): The relationships of the palaeoniscoid fishes, a review based on new specimens of Mimia and Moythomasia from the Upper Devonian of Western Australia. - Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History), Geology series, 3 (4): 173 - 428." type="journal article" year="1984">Gardiner 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Long 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Long" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[849,1225,343,368]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Elonichthyidae" genus="Mansfieldiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sweeti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[849,1081,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Mansfieldiscus sweeti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A." box="[1095,1216,344,368]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref13919" refString="Long, J. A. (1988): New palaeoniscoid fishes from the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous of Victoria. - Memoires of the Association of Australian Paleontologists, 7: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1988">Long 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,988,375,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Hyoid arch</emphasis>
|
||
. The hyomandibula and the ceratohyal are visible in G 123. The hyomandibula is a large, stout bone which consists of two clearly distinct arms forming an angle of 150° (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[980,1108,471,496]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterodorsal arm is widest anteriorly. In lateral view, the well-developed processus opercularis, visible at the level of the maximum curvature of the bone, faces backwards. In medial view, the right ceratohyal is robust, slightly curved and mediolaterally compressed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[961,1089,631,656]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape of the bone is exactly the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[989,1210,663,687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[989,1210,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1227,1397,664,690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: textfig. 16e, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1036,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Branchial arch</emphasis>
|
||
. Long and thin branchial bones are preserved in GMC 75, G 123 and other specimens, but not in their original positions. The ceratobranchials are recognizable by their slightly widened extremities (Textfig. 9c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,985,887,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Operculum</emphasis>
|
||
. It is preserved in G 123, GMC 9, GMC 10, GMC 11, GMC 75. It is rectangular, with rounded corners and very deep (about three times deeper than long). Its anterodorsal corner slightly protrudes anteriorly. Its outer surface is sculptured by closely arranged vermicular ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,958,1047,1072]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-fig. 9e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The suboperculum, sub-square in shape, is preserved in GMC 1 and GMC 116. Its anteroventral and anterodorsal corners protrude, the latter terminating as a pointed projection (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1041,1165,1143,1167]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,204,1474,1495]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,153,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-232@7.[593,960,722,1150]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. a, b: photograph and drawing of the left antoperculum and operculum in lateral view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bars 5 mm; c: left preoperculum in medial view, GMC 90, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: left lateral gular in dorsal view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; e: drawing of the right suboperculm of Progyrolepis heyleri in lateral view (after Štamberg 2018: text-fig. 19f), scale bar 5 mm; f: left suboperculum of Progyrolepis heyleri in medial view, GMC 116, scale bar 5 mm; g: left suboperculum of Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. in medial view, GMC 15, scale bar 5 mm; h, j: photograph and drawing of the scale from the midline on the back, GMC 126, whitened, scale bars 2 mm; k: scales on the back of the body and ridge scale in front of the dorsal fin, GMC 126, whitened, scale bar 2 mm. Abbreviations: Aop – antoperculum, Op – operculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167221/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Text-figs 5f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1176,1205,1143,1167]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="12.[147,228,1510,1531]" captionTargetBox="[149,1461,155,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-210@12.[149,1462,155,1494]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167229/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">9b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ossification centre lies in the ventral third of the bone, near its anterior border. Several branchiostegal rays are preserved in a number of specimens but their original location cannot be determinated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
The shape and vermicular sculpture of the operculum and suboperculum are identical to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This operculum differs significantly from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Stamberg 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Stamberg" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[820,1249,1367,1394]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,1065,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1078,1240,1368,1394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="25 - 104" refId="ref15215" refString="Stamberg, S. (1991): Actinopterygians of the Central Bohemian Carboniferous Basins. - Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B - Historia Naturalis, 47 (1 - 4): 25 - 104." type="journal article" year="1991">Štamberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Štamberg & Steyer, 2021" authorityName="Štamberg & Steyer" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pygopteridae" genus="Briveichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chantepieorum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Briveichthys chantepieorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[985,1141,1400,1424]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by its sculpture. However, the suboperculum shows significantly protruding anterodorsal and anteroventral corners in both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[1191,1411,1463,1487]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1191,1411,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stamberg" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[820,1066,1495,1519]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,1066,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Progyrolepis speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1080,1246,1496,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="25 - 104" refId="ref15215" refString="Stamberg, S. (1991): Actinopterygians of the Central Bohemian Carboniferous Basins. - Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B - Historia Naturalis, 47 (1 - 4): 25 - 104." type="journal article" year="1991">Štamberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[1257,1315,1496,1520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1254,1527,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Dermal bones of the pectoral girdle</emphasis>
|
||
. The posttemporal, preserved in dorsal view on GMC 74, is isolated: it is oval and wide. It shows a prominent process at about the middle of its anterior edge. It is ornamented, and the ornamentation consists of conspicuous ridges vermicularly arranged on most of its dorsal surface, and short ridges and tubercles in its medial region. The anterior margin of the posttemporal, including the process, is smooth and was probably overlapped by extrascapular bones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1460,151,2095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">The supracleithrum (GMC 38, GMC 115) is very high, with a large process on its dorsal edge. This bone narrows ventrally. Its posterior edge is slightly concave. It is ornamented on its lateral surface and partly on its ventral surface by prominent long ridges arranged in a dorsoventral direction. The lateral sensory canal traverses diagonally across the dorsal third of the bone and traverses from the supracleithrum to the scales one third of the way down its posterior margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" startId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" targetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[147,1463,1631,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,270,1631,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Text-fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="POPLIN, 1999" authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[276,614,1631,1652]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[276,551,1631,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[276,476,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poplin, C." box="[483,551,1631,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref14215" refString="Poplin, C. (1999): Un paleoniscoide (Pisces, Actinopterygii) de Buxieres-les-Mines, temoin des affinites fauniques entre Massif central et Boheme au passage Carbonifere-Permien. - Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">POPLIN</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[129,767,1995,2083]" lastBlockId="15.[106,746,151,2100]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">The cleithrum is laterally divided into dorsal and ventral branches (GMC 130, G 123). The dorsal branch is large and triangular. It narrows conspicuously, dorsally, and ends acutely. It is 2.5 times deeper than the ventral branch which is nearly horizontal. This dorsal branch is also subdivided by a prominent ridge which separates its anterior region, which forms part of the branchial cavity margin, from its posterior region, exposed posteriorly to the opercular bone series during the life of the animal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[106,746,151,2100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,299,247,272]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
. The axial skeleton is not fully preserved, in adult specimens, it is represented by arcuate ventral and dorsal elements. The ventral elements (GMC 25) are represented by dorsally forked haemal arches that continue ventrally as a pointed haemal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[369,525,376,400]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="11.[125,204,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[126,1436,152,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-274@11.[124,1440,151,1329]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167227/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 8c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Haemal arches are highly arched and firmly integrated into the unit surrounding the haemal canal. These haemal arches and spines are very similar in shape to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[409,626,472,496]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,626,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 21). The dorsal arcuate element (G 123) is represented by a basic neural arch element, and two slender spines, right and left, protrude from the neural arch (Textfig. 9c). It is not clear whether these arches were fused. Two slender spines, right and left, protrude from the neural arch. These spines are closely adjacent or lie together along their entire length. Some fragments are also visible; they were determined according to axial fragments also observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Aldinger 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Aldinger" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[106,494,761,785]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pygopteridae" genus="Pygopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nielseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[106,315,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Pygopterus nielseni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aldinger, H." box="[328,486,761,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref12210" refString="Aldinger, H. (1937): Permische Ganoidfische aus Ostgron- land. - Meddelelser om Gronland, 102 (3): 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1937">Aldinger 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Nielsen 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Nielsen" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Actinopterygii" family="Turseoidae" genus="Pteronisculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[505,649,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Pteronisculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, E." pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 403" refId="ref14042" refString="Nielsen, E. (1942): Studies on Triassic fishes from East Greenland. I. Glaucolepis and Boreosomus. - Meddelelser om Gronland, 138: 1 - 403." type="journal article" year="1942">Nielsen 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(CHOO, 2011) (Gardiner 1984)" authorityName="Gardiner" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="CHOO" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stegotrachelidae" genus="Mimipiscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toombsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,457,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Mimipiscis toombsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Choo, B." box="[482,617,793,817]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="77 - 104" refId="ref12689" refString="Choo, B. (2011): Revision of the actinopterygians genus Mimipiscis (= Mimia) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia and the interrelationships of the early Actinopterygii. - Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 102 (2): 77 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691011011029" type="journal article" year="2011">CHOO, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, B. G." pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 428" refId="ref13208" refString="Gardiner, B. G. (1984): The relationships of the palaeoniscoid fishes, a review based on new specimens of Mimia and Moythomasia from the Upper Devonian of Western Australia. - Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History), Geology series, 3 (4): 173 - 428." type="journal article" year="1984">Gardiner 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In posteroventral view, the ventral arcuate elements are V-shaped as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[317,519,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Pygopteus
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Aldinger" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[437,519,857,881]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pygopteridae" genus="Pygopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nielseni">nielseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aldinger, H." box="[535,697,857,881]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref12210" refString="Aldinger, H. (1937): Permische Ganoidfische aus Ostgron- land. - Meddelelser om Gronland, 102 (3): 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1937">Aldinger 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 43) but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gardiner" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="CHOO" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[272,482,889,913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stegotrachelidae" genus="Mimipiscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toombsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,482,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Mimipiscis toombsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nielsen" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[525,669,889,913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Turseoidae" genus="Pteronisculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,669,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Pteronisculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where they are semicircular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[106,746,151,2100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
The location of the ventral and dorsal arcuate elements is deduced from the description of the axial skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grande and Bemis 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Grande and Bemis" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Actinopterygii" family="Amiidae" genus="Amia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amiiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Amia calva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grande, L. & Bemis, W." box="[182,461,1017,1042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 690" refId="ref13356" refString="Grande, L., Bemis, W. (1998): A comprehensive phylogenetic study of amiid fishes (Amiidae) based on comparati- ve skeletal anatomy. An empirical search for interconnected patterns of natural history. - Memoir, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4: 1 - 690. (Supplement to Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 18, no. 1) https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1998.10011114" type="journal article" year="1998">Grande and Bemis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to its shape, the dorsal arch may originate from the axial skeleton in the transitional region between the abdomen and the caudal part. The tightly attached paired spines show the place on the axial skeleton where the transition between paired and median neural spines takes place. The ventral haemal arch with haemal spine probably had an initial location in the caudal region of the axial skeleton, as evidenced by the shape of the haemal arch and the opening of the haemal canal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grande, L. & Bemis, W." box="[176,440,1306,1330]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 690" refId="ref13356" refString="Grande, L., Bemis, W. (1998): A comprehensive phylogenetic study of amiid fishes (Amiidae) based on comparati- ve skeletal anatomy. An empirical search for interconnected patterns of natural history. - Memoir, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4: 1 - 690. (Supplement to Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 18, no. 1) https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1998.10011114" type="journal article" year="1998">Grande and Bemis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[106,746,151,2100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,192,1338,1362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Fins</emphasis>
|
||
. The pectoral fins of the juvenile specimens GMC 55 and GMC 61 consist of 17 lepidotricha. The leading pectoral fin lepidotrichium is unsegmented, with small fringed fulcra firmly connected to the anterior edge of the lepidotrichium. The following two or three lepidotrichia are not segmented in the proximal third of their length. The other lepidotrichia are articulated at their base. The dorsal fin consists of 30–35 segmented lepidotrichia (GMC 82), and the base of the dorsal fin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[266,405,1595,1619]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 10c</figureCitation>
|
||
) extends over 9–10 scale rows (GMC 11, GMC 82). The leading edge of the fin is protected by fulcral scales. The segments of the lepidotrichia are long and narrow because they belong to juvenile specimens (see below). The anal fin is triangular with the fulcral scales protecting the leading edge of the fin (GMC 55). The caudal fin of the juvenile specimen GMC 41 has a large ventral lobe and a relatively long dorsal lobe (1.4 times longer than the ventral lobe). These dorsal and ventral lobes form an angle of 16° (GMC 55) to 20° (GMC 41) with the horizontal. The dorsal edge of the dorsal lobe on GMC 55 is protected by numerous fulcral scales (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[373,514,1948,1972]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 10a</figureCitation>
|
||
). These fulcral scales are quite upright, narrow and densely set.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[106,746,151,2100]" lastBlockId="15.[820,1460,152,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
The segments of the lepidotrichia are narrow and long in juvenile specimens, whereas they are very stout, wide and short in adults where they are found only isolated. Their width may be one third greater than their length. These segments also have, in their anterior half, conspicuous ridges arranged slightly obliquely across the segment of the lepidotrichium. The posterior half of the segment, in lateral view, is smooth and concave. The resulting depression allows the segment to articulate with the following lepidotrichium. The basal segment of the lepidotrichium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1141,1277,345,369]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Text-fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1236,1277,345,369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="10.0">10g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) is not articulated (GMC 101). An unsegmented basal part of a lepidotrichium was also figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A." box="[1041,1171,409,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref13919" refString="Long, J. A. (1988): New palaeoniscoid fishes from the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous of Victoria. - Memoires of the Association of Australian Paleontologists, 7: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1988">Long (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 33D) in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LONG" authorityYear="1988" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Howqualepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostridens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Howqualepis rostridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here, the complete shape of the body is not visible. The best-preserved specimen, the juvenile GMC 11, displays most of its body with well positioned fins (Text fig. 10c). The base of the anal fin begins at the level of the dorsal fin mid-length. The tilt between the vertical scale row and the horizontal plane, just before the anal fin, is 52°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[820,1460,152,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
On the specimens examined, the scales are scattered on the mid-lateral side and abdominal region. They are rhombic, with conspicuous peg and socket articulation and thick diagonal ridges on their external side. The longest ridge passes diagonally from the anterodorsal to the posteroventral corner of the scale, and terminates in a denticle-shaped process on the posterior margin of the scale (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1303,1447,827,851]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 10d</figureCitation>
|
||
). This denticle-shaped process is the third on the posterior border of the scale. The long ridge divides the lateral surface of the scale into anteroventral and posterodorsal halves. The posterodorsal ridges are short, they may join together posteriorly and protrude from the posterior edge as toothlike projections. The entire posterior edge of the scale carries tooth-like projections, 2/3 of them are on the posterodorsal half of the scale. The ridges of the anteroventral half of the scale are longer, they join together and terminate in two or three tooth-like projections posteriorly. The anterior 20–25 % of the surface of the scale is smooth and was covered by the preceding scales. The dorsal margin of the scales also has a smooth narrow strip. On G 123, the ridges of the scales bear a microsculpture which consists of microtubercles arranged in the same direction as the ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,1018,1341,1365]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 10d, e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base of the microtubercles is either circular or anteroposteriorly elliptical. These microtubercles are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="POPLIN" authorityYear="1999" box="[1067,1287,1405,1429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Palaeoniscidae" genus="Progyrolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeonisciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1287,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Progyrolepis heyleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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from Buxièresles-Mines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stamberg, S." box="[939,1107,1437,1464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="245 - 291" refId="ref15354" refString="Stamberg, S. (2018): Actinopterygians of the Permian locality Buxieres-les-Mines (Bourbon-L'Archambault Basin, France) and their relationship to other early Actinopterygians. - Fossil Imprint, 74 (3 - 4): 245 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2018 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2018">Štamberg 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[820,1460,152,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Some specialised scales have also been observed on GMC 55, such as a single large scale with a conspicuous ventral ridge that forms a keel lying in front of the anal fin. On G 123, isolated large basal fulcra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1238,1380,1566,1590]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[147,228,1631,1652]" captionTargetBox="[148,1461,153,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167233/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Text-fig. 10b</figureCitation>
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||
) lie on the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle. They extend in an anteroposterior direction and are 4.5 times longer than wide. Their medial part shows a deep anteroposterior groove in which the preceding basal fulcrum fits. This groove is smooth but the conspicuous ridges are visible laterally to the groove. These ridges run postertolaterally from the medial line and they anastomose.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document> |