290 lines
34 KiB
XML
290 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D0A5B11895DB3A386B643E4ABE46AA46" ID-CLB-Dataset="9574" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4272127" ID-GBIF-Dataset="724cb358-6f18-4816-afc7-bb42cb9b6942" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272127" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1605298182318" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lackner, Tomáš" docDate="2010" docId="0385915EFF2F0990608BFDBDCFB8FD6D" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.50.suppl.1-254.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1.3:ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleId="CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pholioxenus Reichardt 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="FFBCE926FF9709296157FFE7CE2AFFFE" masterDocTitle="Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1698846217483" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="09A0F3BEEB3548D249AF94C2EC7ECBC5">Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9179C8EFCAAFD3F9D44FE310287A92EA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4FD1B6F4CD6BFA0A262637BAF9D1F31E">Lackner, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FCDB73CBBB1F859D2C8E5F225324727E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84B956864FA3142AB02AC0CB56BA1060">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="71512D58A458B4A4305A707DBC629719">
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<mods:date id="B076A309028116B51E303F3B62D99294">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="43028170A573E401B5C68B8358E23506">suppl.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="BA71EB0DF5B559DF89B350158BDB025C">2010-10-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="45AC7E2B48E21164DB9E4A39FBAB8825" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BBF2BFD3602F764E9CE37482B5165DC3">50</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3D772E469918DBC1B9B470F190AFFFF9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4272127</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB28D566ED77338D70630990E005AA85" type="ISSN">0374-1036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385915EFF2F0990608BFDBDCFB8FD6D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="169092625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385915EFF2F0990608BFDBDCFB8FD6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385915EFF2F0990608BFDBDCFB8FD6D" lastPageId="185" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F0991608BFDBDCD0BFD8D" box="[476,801,602,627]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F0991608BFDBDCD0BFD8D" blockId="184.[476,801,602,627]" box="[476,801,602,627]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<heading id="D0DB9724FF2F0991608BFDBDCD0BFD8D" bold="true" box="[476,801,602,627]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F0991608BFDBDCD0BFD8D" ID-CoL="6NY7" authority="Reichardt, 1932" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[476,801,602,627]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F0991608BFDBDCD0BFD8D" bold="true" box="[476,801,602,627]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F0991608BFDBDCC4CFD8D" bold="true" box="[476,614,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F0991633AFDBCCD0BFD8D" author="REICHARDT A." box="[621,801,603,627]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F099161C0FD65CA74FD6A" blockId="184.[151,1128,641,741]" box="[151,1118,641,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C0766FF2F099161C0FD65CA74FD6A" box="[151,1118,641,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F099161C0FD65CFFFFD6A" box="[151,469,641,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F099161C0FD65CF9BFD6A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[151,433,641,661]" page="16" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099161C0FD65CF9BFD6A" ID-CoL="6NY7" authority="Reichardt, 1932: 16" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,433,641,661]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FD65CF2AFD6A" box="[151,256,642,660]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F09916051FD66CF9BFD6A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[262,433,641,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 26.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F0991608DFD65CA74FD6A" box="[474,1118,641,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="type_taxon">
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<typeStatus id="54979EEAFF2F0991608DFD65CC2CFD6B" box="[474,518,642,661]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F09916303FD65CD8FFD6B" ID-CoL="9TMBZ" authority="Reichardt, 1929" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1929" box="[596,933,641,661]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenix">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F09916303FD65CD3CFD6A" box="[596,790,642,660]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Hypocacculus phoenix</emphasis>
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Reichardt, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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, original designation.
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F099161C0FD7ACC44FD1A" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F099161C0FD7ACC44FD1A" blockId="184.[151,1128,641,741]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C0766FF2F099161C0FD7ACC44FD1A" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F099161C0FD7ACFFBFD51" author="REICHARDT A." box="[151,465,668,687]" page="156" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1941">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099161C0FD7ACF8DFD51" ID-CoL="6NY7" authority=": REICHARDT (1941)" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,423,668,687]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FD7ACF2AFD51" box="[151,256,669,687]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F0991605BFD7BCF8DFD51" author="REICHARDT A." box="[268,423,668,687]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 156
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 275;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F09916353FD7BCC8EFD51" author="PORTA A." box="[516,676,668,687]" page="151" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F09916353FD7BCC50FD51" author="PORTA A." box="[516,634,668,687]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref119989" refString="PORTA A. 1939: Histeridae. Pp. 150 - 154. In: Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. Piacenza, Supplementum 1: 1 - 208." type="journal article" year="1939">PORTA (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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: 151
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 152;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F09916380FD7BCA12FD51" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[727,1080,668,687]" page="111" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F09916380FD7BCA24FD51" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[727,1038,668,687]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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: 111
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 197; OLEXA (1984): 113;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F09916009FD50CC6CFD34" author="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z." box="[350,582,695,714]" page="7" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F09916009FD50CC18FD34" author="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z." box="[350,562,695,714]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref118755" refString="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z. 1980: Sutabogarak - Histeridae. 14. Fuzet. Fauna Hungariae. 138. VII Kotet. Academic Press, Budapest, 123 pp (In Hungarian)" type="book" year="1980">MAZUR & KASZAB (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 51;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F0991633AFD50CD3EFD34" author="VIENNA P." box="[621,788,695,714]" page="116" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F0991633AFD50CCC1FD34" author="VIENNA P." box="[621,747,695,714]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref122194" refString="VIENNA P. 1980: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Bologna, Calderini Press, ix + 386 pp." type="book" year="1980">
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<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFF2F0991633AFD50CC81FD37" box="[621,683,695,714]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
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(1980)
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 116
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 168;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F09916211FD50CDCAFD34" author="MAZUR S." box="[838,992,695,714]" page="83" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F09916211FD50CDEBFD34" author="MAZUR S." box="[838,961,695,714]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref118519" refString="MAZUR S. 1984: A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54 (3 - 4): 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1984">MAZUR (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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: 83
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F099162BFFD50CEF2FD1A" author="MAZUR S." page="245" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F099162BFFD50CA4EFD34" author="MAZUR S." box="[1000,1124,695,714]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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: 245
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F099161B6FD35CFB3FD1A" author="YELAMOS T." box="[225,409,721,741]" page="245" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F099161B6FD35CF45FD1A" author="YELAMOS T." box="[225,367,721,741]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref122718" refString="YELAMOS T. 2002: Coleoptera, Histeridae. In: RAMOS M. A., TERCEDOR J. A, BELLES-ROS X., GOSAL- BEZ-NOGUERA J., SIERRA A. G., MAYOL E. M., PIERA F. M., MARINO J. S. & GONZALEZ J. T. (eds.): Fauna Iberica. Vol. 17. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSCI, Madrid, 411 pp." type="book" year="2002">YÉLAMOS (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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: 245
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 305;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FF2F0991609AFD35CC40FD1A" author="MAZUR S." box="[461,618,721,741]" page="96" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F0991609AFD35CC60FD1A" author="MAZUR S." box="[461,586,721,741]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="68 - 102" refId="ref118682" refString="MAZUR S. 2004: Family Histeridae. Pp. 68 - 102. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 942 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">MAZUR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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: 96
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F099161C0FD1ACCECFAAA" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F099161C0FD1ACF95FB6B" blockId="184.[151,1127,765,1589]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FD1ACF21FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,267,765,789]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body rather flattened dorsally, cuticle light to dark brown, occasionally with greenish or bronze metallic tinge, surface often imbricate-punctate; eyes moderately to strongly convex; anterior margin of clypeus not elevated; frontal stria weakly impressed, at times weakened or even interrupted; pronotum only slightly convex so that both lateral margins are visible along their entire length (seen from dorsal view), lateral pronotal margins evenly arcuate; pronotal foveae absent; pronotal hypomeron usually glabrous. Sutural elytral stria especially on apical half often strongly carinate, in large round punctures; inner subhumeral stria often long, basally sometimes connected with humeral elytral stria forming an additional fifth dorsal elytral stria. Pre-apical foveae small and inconspicuous (occasionally absent); meso-metaventral sutural stria occasionally sinuate, distanced from meso-metaventral suture; protibia rather dilated, outer margin with up to six low teeth topped with tiny thin denticle; protarsal groove shallow; meso- and metatibiae slender, long, tarsal claws long, usually longer than apical tarsomere itself.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F099161C0FB7ACCECFAAA" blockId="184.[151,1127,765,1589]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FB7ACFBBFB4B" bold="true" box="[151,401,1181,1205]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F0991635FFB79CCA6FB4B" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[520,652,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F0991635FFB79CCA6FB4B" box="[520,652,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are most similar to the members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099161C0FB59CF04FB2B" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,302,1214,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FB59CF04FB2B" box="[151,302,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, chiefly differing from them by the more dilated protibiae, more flattened pronotum, more convex (often almost semi-spherical) eyes, and usually imbricate-punctate dorsal and ventral body surface. Also, the meso- and metatibiae are longer and slenderer with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F0991619AFAF9CF7BFACB" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[205,337,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F0991619AFAF9CF7BFACB" box="[205,337,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F09916096FAF9CC72FACB" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[449,600,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F09916096FAF9CC72FACB" box="[449,600,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and sutural elytral stria is often strongly carinate (especially on its apical half) and in large punctures.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2F099161C0FABACD14F9CB" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B932048FF2F099161C0FABACD14F9CB" blockId="184.[151,1127,765,1589]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161C0FABACEDEFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,244,1373,1397]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Biology.</emphasis>
|
|
All species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099160C5FAB9CC3CFA8B" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[402,534,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099160C5FAB9CC3CFA8B" box="[402,534,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
live as inquilines of various mammals (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099162BDFAB9CEFFFA6B" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099162BDFAB9CEFFFA6B" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Spermophilopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099161B5FA99CF19FA6B" box="[226,307,1406,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099161B5FA99CF19FA6B" box="[226,307,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Jaculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F09916017FA99CFE8FA6B" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" box="[320,450,1406,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F09916017FA99CFE8FA6B" box="[320,450,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Rhombomys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, etc.) and birds.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F09916326FA99CA2EFA6B" authority="Mazur, 1987" authorityName="Mazur" authorityYear="1987" box="[625,1028,1405,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schawalleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F09916326FA99CD5DFA6B" box="[625,887,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus schawalleri</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F0991622AFA9ACA2EFA6B" author="MAZUR S." box="[893,1028,1405,1429]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" pagination="28 - 32" refId="ref118544" refString="MAZUR S. 1987: Description of a new Pholioxenus from Morocco with additional histerid notes (Col., Histeridae). Entomologische Blatter 83: 28 - 32." type="journal article" year="1987">Mazur, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been recorded near the colony of Northern Bald Ibis (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099163FFFA79CA6EFA4B" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[680,1092,1437,1461]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" genus="Geronticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremita">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099163FFFA79CD52FA4B" box="[680,888,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Geronticus eremita</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2F099162DFFA7ACA18FA4B" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[904,1074,1437,1461]" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" refId="ref117794" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
|
))
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, or even in burrows of tortoises (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099160ABFA59CD1FFA2B" authority="Gray, 1844" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[508,821,1469,1493]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfeldi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099160ABFA59CC9CFA2B" box="[508,694,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Testudo horsfeldi</emphasis>
|
|
Gray, 1844
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (OLEXA 1984).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2F099162B4FA59CA4DFA2B" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[995,1127,1470,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2F099162B4FA59CA4DFA2B" box="[995,1127,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="181">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species occur especially in the arid, semidesert or desert biotopes. They are occasionally also collected on dung, carrion, etc., but can be primarily collected in the nests of animals, where they most probably prey upon dipteran or siphonapteran larvae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2E09906126FF3CCF91FE6A" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B932048FF2E09906126FF3CCD1CFEEA" blockId="185.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906126FF3CCF2EFF0D" bold="true" box="[113,260,219,243]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
Twenty-five species, distributed in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFF2E099062B4FF3CCA17FF0D" box="[995,1085,219,243]" country="Iraq" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Regions</collectingRegion>
|
|
, have been hitherto described (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E099060E6FF1BCC16FEEA" author="MAZUR S." box="[433,572,252,276]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E09906310FF1CCCAAFEED" author="MAZUR S." box="[583,640,251,275]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="65 - 69" refId="ref118729" refString="MAZUR S. 2006: On some new and little known African Histeridae (Coleoptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 53: 65 - 69." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E099063DDFF1BCD01FEEA" author="YELAMOS T." box="[650,811,252,276]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="91 - 94" refId="ref122672" refString="YELAMOS T. 2001: Descripcio d'una nova especie de Pholioxenus Reichardt, 1932 (Coleoptera, Histeridae) de la peninsula Iberica. Butlleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural 69: 91 - 94 (in Catalan, Spanish and English summaries)." type="journal article" year="2001">YÉLAMOS 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B932048FF2E09906126FEFCCF91FE6A" blockId="185.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906126FEFCCF16FECD" bold="true" box="[113,316,283,307]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Species examined.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E09906016FEFACCABFECA" authority="Olexa, 1984" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1984" box="[321,641,283,308]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krali">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906016FEFACFD0FECA" box="[321,506,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Pholioxenus krali</emphasis>
|
|
Olexa, 1984
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099063DDFEFACD52FECA" authority="Olexa, 1984" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1984" box="[650,888,283,308]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodymi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099063DDFEFACCD8FECA" box="[650,754,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. kodymi</emphasis>
|
|
Olexa, 1984
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099062D5FEFACED8FEAA" authority="Olexa, 1984" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesopotamicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099062D5FEFACA6AFECA" box="[898,1088,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. mesopotamicus</emphasis>
|
|
Olexa, 1984
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099061ACFEDACC29FEAA" authority="Olexa, 1984" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1984" box="[251,515,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normandi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099061ACFEDACF57FEAA" box="[251,381,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. normandi</emphasis>
|
|
Olexa, 1984
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E0990635BFEDACD65FEAA" authority="Reichardt, 1941" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1941" box="[524,847,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orichalceus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E0990635BFEDACC88FEAA" box="[524,674,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. orichalceus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E099063F1FEDCCD65FEAA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[678,847,315,340]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">Reichardt, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E0990620FFEDACE98FE8A" authority="(Reichardt, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Reichardt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E0990620FFEDACDECFEAA" box="[856,966,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. phoenix</emphasis>
|
|
(Reichardt, 1929)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099061E9FEBACF80FE8A" authority="Olexa, 1984" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1984" box="[190,426,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pickai">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099061E9FEBACF37FE8A" box="[190,285,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. pickai</emphasis>
|
|
Olexa, 1984
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099060E2FEBACD25FE8A" authority="(Schmidt, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[437,783,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quedenfeldti">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099060E2FEBACC72FE8A" box="[437,600,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. quedenfeldti</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E09906331FEBCCD22FE8A" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[614,776,347,372]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="353 - 356" refId="ref120992" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1887: Verzeichniss der von Herrn Premierleutenant M. Quedenfeldt in Marokko 1885 - 86 gesammelten Histeriden. Entomologische Nachrichten 13: 353 - 356." type="journal article" year="1887">Schmidt, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E0990624CFEBACA16FE8A" authority="(Erichson, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[795,1084,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E0990624CFEBACD55FE8A" box="[795,895,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. rutilus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E099062DAFEBCCA1FFE8A" author="ERICHSON W. F." box="[909,1077,347,372]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="83 - 208" refId="ref114365" refString="ERICHSON W. F. 1834: Uebersich der Histeroides der Sammlung. Pp. 83 - 208. In: KLUG J. C. F.: Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Sammlung in Konigl. Museum in Berlin. Erster Band. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 296 pp." type="book chapter" year="1834">Erichson, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E09906126FE9ACF9DFE6A" authority="(Muller, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[113,439,379,404]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schatzmayri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906126FE9ACF3AFE6A" box="[113,272,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">P. schatzmayri</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FF2E09906049FE9CCF85FE6A" author="MULLER J." box="[286,431,379,404]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" pagination="129 - 131" refId="ref119299" refString="MULLER J. 1910: Zwei neue, von Herrn Artur Schatzmayr in Mazedonien gesammelte Koleopteren. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 29: 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1910">Müller, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FF2E09906126FE7CCFB8FD6D" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B932048FF2E09906126FE7CCFB8FD6D" blockId="185.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906126FE7CCEDBFE4D" bold="true" box="[113,241,411,435]" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E099061A1FE7ACF50FE4A" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[246,378,413,436]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E099061A1FE7ACF50FE4A" box="[246,378,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is probably a monophyletic taxon that is supported by few synapomorphies, e.g. imbricate-punctate surface of body, long and slender metatibiae, very small (occasionally even absent) pre-apical foveae and carinate sutural elytral stria. It can be regarded as an evolutionary branch of its presumably related sister taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFF2E09906276FE1ACD92FDEA" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[801,952,509,532]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFF2E09906276FE1ACD92FDEA" box="[801,952,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="178">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that became adapted to nidicolous way of life, speciated there and its members have probably been a part of this niche for a long time. Large convex eyes and a rather small vesicle of the sensory structures of antennal club could be listed among the possible morphological adaptations to the inquilinous way of life.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |