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<document id="39FC27480B47B17218DC46B1E3419BAB" ID-CLB-Dataset="6520" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dabef90-bc57-460b-9221-e290cfd837d2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736738" ID-ZooBank="4159E660-EA53-48E2-9724-DDB48DB6FC43" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620121349818" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molfini, Marco, Giulio, Andrea Di, Mancini, Emiliano &amp; Bologna, Marco A." docDate="2021" docId="038587AACA5F906BFF4A418EFAF77C23" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pyrochroa serraticornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="345" masterDocId="FFBCFFD2CA5B9063FFDD4748FFFF7F61" masterDocTitle="Larval features illuminating adult taxonomy? Case study in the European cardinal beetle species of the genus Pyrochroa (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae)" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="337" pageNumber="341" updateTime="1698938321382" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7D965539B243DB9F8E150155A8D9F850">Larval features illuminating adult taxonomy? Case study in the European cardinal beetle species of the genus Pyrochroa (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CCAAC99A8BDE6C7F0BEB33941E6B4D7">Molfini, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78D1ECFA7853FE66D21A418809AC90A8">Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy. &amp; andrea. digiulio @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 0751 &amp; marcoalberto. bologna @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2498 - 8917</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FA4F0F0A9A92062D3BEAA15EF715A571">Giulio, Andrea Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5FF905828972B35D0826C28E445893A8">Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy. &amp; andrea. digiulio @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 0751 &amp; marcoalberto. bologna @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2498 - 8917</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="845AD893EC82A20A82E583DA89276F2A">Mancini, Emiliano</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8416D7368B0AAEFE37E20A76179C42B">Department of Biology and Biotechnology “ Charles Darwin ”, Sapienza University, Viale dellUniversità 32, 00185 Roma, Italy. &amp; emiliano. mancini @ uniroma 1. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7D3CE7539EC3911F3E7C59C26A629C6A">Bologna, Marco A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="46FB6B5206C9C8AE28FDA081D8C0A369">Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy. &amp; andrea. digiulio @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 0751 &amp; marcoalberto. bologna @ uniroma 3. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2498 - 8917</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="038587AACA5F906BFF4A418EFAF77C23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4784096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587AACA5F906BFF4A418EFAF77C23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587AACA5F906BFF4A418EFAF77C23" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<subSubSection id="C3366537CA5F9067FF4A418EFC0B7981" box="[151,1012,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5F9067FF4A418EFC0B7981" blockId="4.[151,1012,1734,1761]" box="[151,1012,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<heading id="D0DB81D0CA5F9067FF4A418EFC0B7981" bold="true" box="[151,1012,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FF4A418EFC0B7981" bold="true" box="[151,1012,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5F9067FF4A418EFDD27981" authority="(Scopoli)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[151,557,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FF4A418EFE487980" bold="true" box="[151,439,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Pyrochroa serraticornis</emphasis>
(Scopoli)
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(
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FDE1418EFD637980" box="[572,668,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FD77418EFCEF7980" box="[682,784,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FCC0418EFC997981" box="[797,870,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,577,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[189,1398,561,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mandibles of Pyrochroa coccinea (AD) and Pyrochroa serraticornis (EH): A, E—right mandible, ventral view; B, F—left mandible, ventral view; C, G—left mandible, inner view; D, H—right mandible, inner view. Scale bars: AH: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">3EH</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FCAE418EFC457980" box="[883,954,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">4B, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FC15418FFC147980" box="[968,1003,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,593,617]" captionTargetBox="[181,1396,181,569]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[177,1411,181,569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of urogomphal plate: A—urogomphal plate of Pyrochroa coccinea, posterior view; B—urogomphal plate of P. serraticornis, posterior view. Scale bars: AB = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736765/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">5B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3366537CA5F9067FF4A4046FE0E78F4" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5F9067FF4A4046FE0E78F4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1806,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FF4A4046FEED7849" bold="true" box="[151,274,1806,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The most diagnostic characters are structures associated with the highly sclerotized urogomphal plate: lateral lobes acute rounded; sclerotized conical teeth between lateral lobes and the straight parallel urogomphi; urogomphal lip flat, ventrally to the single urogomphal pit with parallel rugulae. Other diagnostic characters
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FABF401FFA867811" box="[1378,1401,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">vs</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5F9067FA55401FFF0478F5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FA55401FFF0478F5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">P. coccinea</emphasis>
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are shown in
<tableCitation id="C6AE0307CA5F9067FE4A4033FE1478F4" box="[407,491,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetId="graphics-40@3.[151,1436,325,1737]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative table of the diagnostic characters of Pyrochroa coccinea and Pyrochroa serraticornis based on Italian samples of both species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF536634CA589060FF4A47DFFE197FB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" tableUuid="DF536634CA589060FF4A47DFFE197FB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3366537CA5F906BFF1A40D6FAF77C23" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5F9066FF1A40D6FCAA7E20" blockId="4.[151,1437,1806,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5F9067FF1A40D6FDDB78D8" bold="true" box="[199,548,1950,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
Body length about
<quantity id="4CD49B59CA5F9067FCD340D7FCA278D8" box="[782,861,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
(from mesal labral apex to apices of urogomphi) and maximum width about
<quantity id="4CD49B59CA5F9067FE0F408BFDD678BC" box="[466,553,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
(across widest portion of urite VIII) (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5F9067FC07408BFBCD78BC" box="[986,1074,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="341">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Body orthosomatic with sides subparallel, moderately sclerotized except much of cephalic capsule, mandibles, and urogomphal plate more heavily sclerotized; body vestiture consisting of short to moderately elongate, scattered setae. Thoracic and abdominal tergites IIVII and IX lacking parabasal ridges; abdominal tergites I and VIII with weakly formed parabasal ridge (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FAE14797FA687F98" box="[1340,1431,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FF4A464BFF447E7C" box="[151,187,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">4B</figureCitation>
). Head and body from light yellowish to darker, melanisation much darker in areas of heavy sclerotization such as mandibles, urogomphi, urogomphal lip and urogomphal pit.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FF4A416FFEEC795E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1575,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Details of cranium: A—cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FD5D4160FCB4795E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[640,843,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FD5D4160FCB4795E" box="[640,843,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Pyrochroa coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; B—cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FBA54160FAEB795E" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[1144,1300,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FBA54160FAEB795E" box="[1144,1300,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; C—cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FEE84104FE587902" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[309,423,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FEE84104FE587902" box="[309,423,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">P. coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; D—cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FD014104FC887902" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[732,887,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FD014104FC887902" box="[732,887,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; E—right maxilla of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FB054104FAB57902" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[1240,1354,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FB054104FAB57902" box="[1240,1354,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">P. coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; F—right maxilla of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5E9066FE7C4138FDC279E6" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[417,573,1648,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FE7C4138FDC279E6" box="[417,573,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5E9065FF1A41FEFAAE7D78" blockId="5.[151,1436,1718,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5E9066FF1A41FEFEF179B1" bold="true" box="[199,270,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Head.</emphasis>
Prognathous, flattened, exserted from prothorax, about
<quantity id="4CD49B59CA5E9066FC4D41FEFC1779B1" box="[912,1000,1718,1744]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
width (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FB9F41FEFB3979B1" box="[1090,1222,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Figs 2B, D</figureCitation>
). Epicranial suture lyriform with stem short, frontal arms complete nearly to antennal insertions, endocarinae absent (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FB294192FAB17995" box="[1268,1358,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Free, symmetrical trilobate labrum with scattered slender setae (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FCE641B6FC697879" box="[827,918,1790,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Two pair of stemmata on each lateral side, parallel with antennal insertions. Antennal insertions fully exposed; antennae moderately long, stout, 3-segmented; antennomere I quite straight, narrower in the middle area, wider apically; sensorium of II small, drop-shaped; antennomere III narrower than III, about 2/3 the length of II, acutely rounded apically; setae well distributed on all the surface of antennomers. Mouthparts retracted (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5E9066FCF240C6FC4A78C9" box="[815,949,1934,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="342">Figs 2B, D</figureCitation>
). Mandibles heavily sclerotized, movable, asymmetrical, molar area of mandibles well developed; left mandible bigger, bearing a prominent, hooked inwards, molar tooth, apex sub-securiforme with one small subapical expansion; inner surface bearing two longitudinal depressions so as to make it appear tridentate from a ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FC5C47DFFC087FD0" box="[897,1015,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,577,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[189,1398,561,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mandibles of Pyrochroa coccinea (AD) and Pyrochroa serraticornis (EH): A, E—right mandible, ventral view; B, F—left mandible, ventral view; C, G—left mandible, inner view; D, H—right mandible, inner view. Scale bars: AH: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
); apex of right mandible securiforme, inner surface concave so as to make it appear bidentate from a ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FC2047F3FB827FB4" box="[1021,1149,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,577,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[189,1398,561,1556]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mandibles of Pyrochroa coccinea (AD) and Pyrochroa serraticornis (EH): A, E—right mandible, ventral view; B, F—left mandible, ventral view; C, G—left mandible, inner view; D, H—right mandible, inner view. Scale bars: AH: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Figs 3E, H</figureCitation>
). Maxillae (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FAD847F3FAA67FB4" box="[1285,1369,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) each with 1-segmented cardo which is diagonally folded upward upon itself toward the stipes and thus appearing 2- segmented; a well-developed, undivided, pad-like maxillary articulating area; ventral surface of stipes bearing few scattered spiniform setae; galea and lacinia fused to form maxillary mala; mala bearing stout apical and adoral spiniform setae and a well-developed pointed uncus at apico-adoral margin; 3-segmented, filiform maxillary palpus, palpomere II about 1.2 times as long as I, palpomere III subequal in length to II, tapering distally, acutely rounded apically. Labium with mentum trapezoidal (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FD5446DBFD1A7ECC" box="[649,741,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); submentum glabrous, shape elongate with sides shallowing sinuate basally, apical margin slightly more heavily sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FCAD46FFFC347EB0" box="[880,971,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); ligula well developed, elongate, almost glabrous, bearing few setae hardly characterized from our samples; each labial palpus short, 2-segmented, palpomere I twice as long as II. Hypostomal rods (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FD8C46B7FD577D78" box="[593,680,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) well developed, divergent; gular sutures separate (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FB3746B7FABB7D78" box="[1258,1348,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF536634CA5D9065FF4A4163FF3979EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" startId="6.[151,250,1579,1603]" targetBox="[189,1398,577,1556]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5D9065FF4A4163FF3979EA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1579,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5D9065FF4A4163FEEC7922" bold="true" box="[151,275,1579,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Mandibles of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5D9065FE7B4163FD8F7922" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[422,624,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5D9065FE7B4163FD8F7922" box="[422,624,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Pyrochroa coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AD) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5D9065FD374163FC227922" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[746,989,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5D9065FD374163FC227922" box="[746,989,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Pyrochroa serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(EH): A, E—right mandible, ventral view; B, F—left mandible, ventral view; C, G—left mandible, inner view; D, H—right mandible, inner view. Scale bars: AH: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5D9064FF1A41F2FE8E7D00" blockId="6.[151,1436,1721,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5D9065FF1A41F2FE2979B2" bold="true" box="[199,470,1721,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Thorax and Abdomen.</emphasis>
Thorax flattened, segmentation well developed, sides of prothorax subparallel, meso- and metathorax rounded (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FE1A4196FDDC7999" box="[455,547,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); cervicosternum divided into three plates (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FBF74196FB757999" box="[1066,1162,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-91@5.[189,1398,345,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of cranium: A—cranium of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—cranium of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—cranium of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—cranium of P. serraticornis, ventral view; E—right maxilla of P. coccinea, ventral view; F—right maxilla of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1.5 mm; EF = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736749/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Legs well developed, moderately short, 5-segmented including tarsungulus, vestiture consisting of sparse, short setae.Abdomen flattened, sides slightly converging forward, moderately sclerotized, tergites IVII subequal in length and width; tergite VIII approximately 2.8 as long as each other (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FD864002FD4E7805" box="[603,689,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Sternite VIII emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FB9C4002FB657805" box="[1089,1178,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Ventrolateral margins of abdominal laterotergite VIII emarginate, with lanceolate shape, ending with more sclerotized acute apex forming a lateral tooth visible even from dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FD4240DAFD0478CD" box="[671,763,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FCD440DAFCCF78CD" box="[777,816,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">4D</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX divided into four plates (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FB0740DAFACC78CD" box="[1242,1331,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), hinged, capable of considerable dorso-longitudinal movement, extending ventrally, thus forming the urogomphal plate, widest basally where it forms well developed acute rounded lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5D9065FC0D4092FBB17895" box="[976,1102,2010,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
); surface of urogomphal plate bearing numerous, well-developed, callosities and several setigerous calli, in particular, long setae are associated with three pair of calli on the dorsolateral surfaces and one pair of calli at the base of urogomphi (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FB4047F3FB0A7FB4" box="[1181,1269,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); a pair of well developed, highly sclerotized conical teeth between urogomphi and lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FBEC4797FB4E7F98" box="[1073,1201,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
); urogomphi heavily sclerotized, long, slender, straight, parallel, tapering and acuminate apically; ventral surface of urogomphal plate sharply excavate basally at articulation with sternites IXX, excavation narrowing distally to bases of urogomphi and urogomphal lip forming a thin slot (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FD8D4603FD567E04" box="[592,681,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Urogomphal plate possessing a heavily sclerotized urogomphal lip ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FED74627FE757EE8" box="[266,394,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FE484626FE467EE8" box="[405,441,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,593,617]" captionTargetBox="[181,1396,181,569]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[177,1411,181,569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of urogomphal plate: A—urogomphal plate of Pyrochroa coccinea, posterior view; B—urogomphal plate of P. serraticornis, posterior view. Scale bars: AB = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736765/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">5B</figureCitation>
), forming the ventral surface of the wide heavily sclerotized single urogomphal pit (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FAB24627FF447ECC" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,593,617]" captionTargetBox="[181,1396,181,569]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[177,1411,181,569]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of urogomphal plate: A—urogomphal plate of Pyrochroa coccinea, posterior view; B—urogomphal plate of P. serraticornis, posterior view. Scale bars: AB = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736765/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), which fills the space between the heavily sclerotized fixed urogomphi, and bear characteristic parallel rugulae. Sternite IX broadly transversely U-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FD5E46FFFD217EB0" box="[643,734,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), partially recessed into shallow emargination of sternite VIII, possessing continuous semicircular arch of approximately 32 well-developed asperities along anterior margin; ventrolateral margin heavily sclerotized forming an acute tooth slightly visible even in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FADC46B7FAA37D78" box="[1281,1372,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FAB746B7FA6F7D78" box="[1386,1424,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">4D</figureCitation>
). Segment X reduced, transversely ovate, basal margin rounded, recessed into emarginations of sternite IX, visible ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA5C9064FED7450FFE9A7D00" box="[266,357,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF536634CA5C9064FF4A40CCFD1A7885" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" startId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" targetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA5C9064FF4A40CCFD1A7885" blockId="7.[151,1436,1924,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5C9064FF4A40CCFEE978FD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1924,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5C9064FC8140CCFBD478FD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[860,1067,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5C9064FC8140CCFBD478FD" box="[860,1067,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Pyrochroa coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5C9064FED740E1FE5B78A1" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[266,420,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5C9064FED740E1FE5B78A1" box="[266,420,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5C9064FCAF40E1FC1B78A1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[882,996,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5C9064FCAF40E1FC1B78A1" box="[882,996,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">P. coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA5C9064FF6E4085FEB17885" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[179,334,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA5C9064FF6E4085FEB17885" box="[179,334,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF536634CA53906BFF4A4519FD077DEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736765/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" startId="8.[151,250,593,617]" targetBox="[181,1396,181,569]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA53906BFF4A4519FD077DEC" blockId="8.[151,1436,593,654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA53906BFF4A4519FEEC7D0B" bold="true" box="[151,275,593,618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Details of urogomphal plate: A—urogomphal plate of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA53906BFC9B4519FBED7D08" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[838,1042,593,617]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA53906BFC9B4519FBED7D08" box="[838,1042,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Pyrochroa coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, posterior view; B—urogomphal plate of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3FCA53906BFF6E453EFEB17DEC" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[179,334,630,653]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrochroidae" genus="Pyrochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA53906BFF6E453EFEB17DEC" box="[179,334,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">P. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, posterior view. Scale bars: AB = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9336BCCA53906BFF1A45F3FAF77C23" blockId="8.[151,1436,699,834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B958EAAECA53906BFF1A45F3FEC47DB4" bold="true" box="[199,315,699,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Spiracles.</emphasis>
One pair of well-developed, ovate, thoracic spiracles situated ventrolaterally on laterotergite along anterior end of mesothorax. Paired, sub-ovate abdominal spiracles, subequal in size, located on dorsolateral margin of abdominal tergite I (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA53906BFE7F444CFE067C7F" box="[418,505,772,798]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[196,1392,687,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval habitus: A—habitus of mature larva of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—habitus of pre-mature instar larva of P. serraticornis, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) and ventrolateral margins of abdominal laterotergites IIVII; paired spiracles of abdominal laterotergite VIII annular-ovate, located ventrolaterally at distal 1/3 of its length (
<figureCitation id="13172A39CA53906BFB7C4460FB037C23" box="[1185,1276,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-214@7.[236,1352,633,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Details of abdomen: A—abdominal urites XIIIIX of Pyrochroa coccinea, dorsal view; B—abdominal urites XIIIIX of P. serraticornis, dorsal view; C—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. coccinea, ventral view; D—abdominal urites XIIIX of P. serraticornis, ventral view. Scale bars: AD = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736761/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>