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<document id="2AD1595883CF1972AB4D9E149A0B7608" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria funkae Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="29ACFD6E97C3784D4ACDDA7858468487" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7C2A098673BF5D94F6289F80BE5E8103">
<mods:title id="B0DFB09FAAC873AF43D838A9DF499314">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="975CDD763066C8E2B6CBAA0772AFD88C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C8F04DA7DBD7464CBC54301E6447631F">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0A9B02ACEDD413136A95285DCB74445" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1336-4730</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B28ECE6A2839AF4AE242969C049E9312" type="email">crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="1CBA40B4CAB998282E3917FAD3B07F5F">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AF8721D4EA4A196A5A505669CEE5460F">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8EAE28354DEC0249FA8C77F7E2BE829E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="57AD773C3A489AFAC197EECDC8A93794">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="246F2B81FCDE19E5DC6EC181E118EC9D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B33598078D510A09E0058D99CE783D96">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C38ADD8E53E1BBBD7AD215CF6F8CB9C">
<mods:date id="C6C63569F6F26B30B597A529A1D50005">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="387D65A05330E1152DE194B2417B9025">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68C105E653C6AC6B8C6D1F604CA70F73">4944</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D0B7834722E5580AEA759992EAADBD37" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683268" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB10750FF759294FCDCA78E" box="[151,853,1693,1720]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB10750FF759294FCDCA78E" blockId="95.[151,853,1693,1757]" box="[151,853,1693,1720]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="D0DE81B1FFB10750FF759294FCDCA78E" bold="true" box="[151,853,1693,1720]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF759294FCDCA78E" bold="true" box="[151,853,1693,1720]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB10750FF759294FC8FA78E" ID-CoL="8VM3W" authority="Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara" box="[151,774,1693,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF759294FEFDA78E" bold="true" box="[151,372,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Philodoria funkae</emphasis>
Kobayashi, Johns &amp; Kawahara
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFB10750FCF19297FCDCA78E" box="[787,853,1694,1720]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB10750FF7592CBFDC3A628" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB10750FF7592CBFEE8A7EB" blockId="95.[151,853,1693,1757]" box="[151,353,1730,1757]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB10750FF7592CBFEA0A7EA" box="[151,297,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 21A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB10750FED692CBFED4A7EB" box="[308,349,1730,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">59I</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB10750FF75930FFDC3A628" blockId="95.[151,586,1798,1822]" box="[151,586,1798,1822]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB10750FF75930FFE8CA628" box="[151,261,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF75930FFE8CA628" box="[151,261,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 12;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB10750FEB7930FFD8CA628" author="Johns, C. A. &amp; Toussaint, E. F. A. &amp; Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y." box="[341,517,1798,1822]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. &amp; Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
Johns
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FE77930EFE4BA628" box="[405,450,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB10750FF759344FE60A651" box="[151,489,1868,1895]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB10750FF759344FE60A651" blockId="95.[151,1437,1868,2039]" box="[151,489,1868,1895]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF759344FEBFA650" bold="true" box="[151,310,1868,1895]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB10750FF759344FF5BA651" box="[151,210,1869,1895]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Kokee (Kauai).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB10750FF259378FB0DA698" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB10750FF259378FB0DA698" blockId="95.[151,1437,1868,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF259378FEC7A6BD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1905,1931]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB10750FDDF9379FD01A6BC" box="[573,648,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FDDF9379FD01A6BC" box="[573,648,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">funkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is dedicated to the late Dr. Vicki Ann Funk, a Hawaiian aster systematist that contributed significantly to research on Hawaiian plants and island biogeography.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB1076FFF2593B0FC8BA0BF" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB1076FFF2593B0FC8BA0BF" blockId="95.[151,1437,1868,2039]" lastBlockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FF2593B0FEF1A6E4" bold="true" box="[199,376,1976,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB10750FE6093B1FD38A6C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273310" collectingDate="2015-06-26" collectingDateMax="2015-07-09" collectingDateMin="2015-06-26" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="762" specimenCount-female="762" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB10750FE6093B1FE63A6E4" box="[386,490,1976,2002]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB10750FE1693B0FD80A6E5" box="[500,521,1977,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB10750FDF893B1FDEFA6E4" box="[538,614,1976,2002]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kokee</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB10750FD9693B1FD54A6E5" box="[628,733,1976,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kauai Is.</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB10750FD0F93B1FCD7A6E5" box="[749,862,1976,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-07-09">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB10750FD0F93B1FCD7A6E5" box="[749,862,1976,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-07-09">9.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(stored),
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB10750FC3293B0FBC6A6E4" box="[976,1103,1976,2003]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
leg., host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB10750FB3193B1FF6CA6C0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoxiphium">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB10750FB3193B1FF6CA6C0" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Wilkesia gymnoxiphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB10750FF1693D5FEE7A6C1" box="[244,366,2012,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB10750FF1693D5FEE7A6C1" box="[244,366,2012,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-06-26">26.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, CJ470 / SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB10750FDE293D5FDB2A6C0" box="[512,571,2012,2038]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">761♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB10750FD8293D4FD38A6C1" box="[608,689,2013,2039]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB1076FFD5F93D4FE5FA1E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273371" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-07-09" collectingDateMin="2015-06-26" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="N. Tangalin" county="The" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" location="Kauai Is." municipality="What" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="CJ489, CJ523" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB10750FD5F93D4FC96A6C1" box="[701,799,2013,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB10750FCC493D4FCC4A6C1" box="[806,845,2013,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB10750FCBB93D4FCF5A6C1" box="[857,892,2013,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and data as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB10750FB4E93D5FA98A6C0" box="[1196,1297,2012,2038]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="FF97101DFFB10750FAFF93D5FA15A6C1" box="[1309,1436,2012,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB10750FAFF93D5FA15A6C1" box="[1309,1436,2012,2039]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2015-07-21">21.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(stored), CJ489, SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF8E076FFE9E949EFE33A187" box="[380,442,151,177]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">762♀</specimenCount>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF8E076FFE25949EFE63A187" box="[455,490,151,177]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF66006FF8E076FFE1B949EFDE8A187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B:8EF66006FF8E076FFE1B949EFDE8A187" box="[505,609,151,177]" name="Kauai Is." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Kauai Is.</location>
,
<collectorName id="26DC530BFF8E076FFD8D949EFD7DA187" box="[623,756,151,177]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">N. Tangalin</collectorName>
leg., host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFC90949EFB63A187" authority=", Summer. 2015" authorityName="Summer." authorityYear="2015" box="[882,1258,150,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoxiphium">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC90949EFBB2A187" box="[882,1083,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">W. gymnoxiphium</emphasis>
, Summer.2015
</taxonomicName>
, AYK-13-0075, CJ523 / SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF8E076FFEFC94B2FED3A1E3" box="[286,346,187,213]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">763♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF8E076FFE6394B2FE5BA1E3" box="[385,466,187,213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
<location id="8EF66006FF8E076FFE3C94B2FD83A1E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB1076FFF759294FF44A43B:8EF66006FF8E076FFE3C94B2FD83A1E3" box="[478,522,187,213]" county="The" municipality="What" name="The" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">The</location>
type material does not include a complete specimen, but the specimens retained enough characteristics to describe as a separate species.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FF8E076FFCF594D6FCDDA1CF" box="[791,852,223,249]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">What</collectingMunicipality>
remains of the types were mounted on a cover slip (wings) or preserved as a gentialia slide mount.
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FF8E076FFD55950AFD6AA02B" box="[695,739,259,285]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">The</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFD08950AFCC5A02B" box="[746,844,259,285]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is represented by two forewings and two hindwings (completed right wing and 3/4 of left wing) (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFD67952EFC83A077" box="[645,778,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
); a
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFCD3952EFC18A077" box="[817,913,295,321]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FF8E076FFC42952EFC63A077" box="[928,1002,295,321]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Other institutional type">CJ489</specimenCode>
) has four halves of wings; the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFADE952EFA15A077" box="[1340,1436,295,321]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FF8E076FFF7D9543FF60A053" box="[159,233,330,357]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Other institutional type">CJ523</specimenCode>
) is two forewings with 1/4 of the wing missing, and two hindwing halves (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFBAA9542FB38A053" box="[1096,1201,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="26DC530BFF8E076FFB249542FB7BA053" box="[1222,1266,331,357]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">The</collectorName>
head, antenna, thorax, and legs were sacrificed for molecular analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF25959BFBCAA32F" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF25959BFBCAA32F" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF25959BFECBA09A" bold="true" box="[199,322,402,428]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The forewing pattern is similar to that of other
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFCB9959AFC5FA09B" box="[859,982,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
feeders, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFB7A959AFB71A09B" box="[1176,1272,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keahii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFB7A959AFB71A09B" box="[1176,1272,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. keahii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFAE2959AFAC9A09B" bold="true" box="[1280,1344,403,429]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF8E076FFAE2959AFAC9A09B" box="[1280,1344,403,429]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFAAC959AFEEAA0E7" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFAAC959AFF78A0E7" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
(Swezey)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFE7895BEFD3EA0E7" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[410,695,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittosporella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFE7895BEFDCAA0E7" box="[410,579,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. pittosporella</emphasis>
(Swezey)
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFD0C95BEFCDCA0E7" box="[750,853,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFD0C95BEFCDCA0E7" box="[750,853,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. funkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from them by the broader
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFADB95BEFAE5A0E1" bold="true" box="[1337,1388,439,471]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFAB695C0FAE5A0E1" attach="left" box="[1364,1388,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">2, 3</subScript>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF7595D2FF33A0CD" bold="true" box="[151,186,475,507]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFF5095E4FF33A0CD" attach="left" box="[178,186,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
connecting basal patch of the forewing (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFD6995D2FC9CA0C3" box="[651,789,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21A–C</figureCitation>
); in the female, the narrowed posterior region of lamella antevaginalis and corpus bursae bear several weakly sclerotized wrinkles (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFC3A95F6FBBFA32F" box="[984,1078,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 59I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF25962BFB2FA293" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF25962BFA9FA3FB" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF25962BFE2FA30A" bold="true" box="[199,422,546,572]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Description: Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFE55962AFDCBA30B" box="[439,578,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21A–C</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFCFA962AFCF9A30B" box="[792,880,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFC74962AFC71A30B" box="[918,1016,547,573]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFBEB962AFBF9A30B" box="[1033,1136,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
). Head and thorax characters are unknown. Forewing bronze with white patches:
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFCEF964EFCA5A351" bold="true" box="[781,812,583,615]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFCC69650FCA5A351" attach="left" box="[804,812,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 4/5;
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC63964EFC2DA351" bold="true" box="[897,932,583,615]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFC7E9650FC2DA351" attach="left" box="[924,932,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
large and base broad from 1/4 to the middle, connecting with a basal patch (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFE179662FD91A3BD" bold="true" box="[501,536,619,651]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFDF29674FD91A3BD" attach="right" box="[528,536,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
); outwardly oblique large
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFCA69662FCEFA3BD" bold="true" box="[836,870,619,651]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFCBC9674FCEFA3BD" attach="left" box="[862,870,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
from 1/2 to 3/4; apical potion fuscous, costal area orangish brown with a blue
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFE2E9686FE6CA39F" bold="true" box="[460,485,655,681]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">as</emphasis>
; cilia fuscous with three to four white apical spots (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFBC19686FBEEA39F" bold="true" box="[1059,1127,655,681]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">a, b, c</emphasis>
); terminal cilia with orange
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF7596BAFF3EA3E5" bold="true" box="[151,183,691,723]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
bl
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFF4D96CCFF3EA3E5" attach="left" box="[175,183,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
and two white spots; tornal cilia two black fringe lines with an orange
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC3196BAFC7BA3E5" bold="true" box="[979,1010,691,723]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
bl
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFC0896CCFC7BA3E5" attach="left" box="[1002,1010,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
. Hindwing and cilia gray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2596DEFE66A3C7" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,495,726,753]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2596DEFEFBA3C6" bold="true" box="[199,370,726,753]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Male genitalia</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2596F2FB2FA293" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2596F2FE05A222" bold="true" box="[199,396,762,789]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFE7896F2FE7DA223" box="[410,500,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 59I</figureCitation>
) (n=3).
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFDAD96F2FD2FA223" box="[591,678,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="970.0">970 µm</quantity>
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum deeply cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFDCA9716FD0AA20F" box="[552,643,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 µm</quantity>
, weakly sclerotized, posterior part narrowing and slightly inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae short, middle part weakly sclerotized, round and flat; terminus of ductus bursae tubular and broad, biforked. Corpus bursae
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFBA1976FFB12A2B7" box="[1091,1179,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="530.0">530 µm</quantity>
, pyriform; anterior end of corpus bursae weakly sclerotized; paired rows longitudinal, partly sclerotized of wrinkles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF2597A7FE3BA2FF" box="[199,434,942,969]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2597A7FE3BA2FF" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,434,942,969]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2597A7FEE8A2FE" bold="true" box="[199,353,942,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</emphasis>
Kauai.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF2597DAFD3CA54B" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2597DAFCD9A2DB" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,848,979,1005]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2597DAFEDFA2DB" bold="true" box="[199,342,979,1005]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFEBF97DAFE55A2DB" box="[349,476,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFE0597DAFCD9A2DB" authority="A. Gray." authorityName="A. Gray." box="[487,848,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoxiphium">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFE0597DAFD7BA2DB" box="[487,754,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wilkesia gymnoxiphium</emphasis>
A.Gray.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2597FFFC7EA56F" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2597FFFEAEA526" bold="true" box="[199,295,1014,1040]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Biology.</emphasis>
Leaf mines begin as slender mines near leaf apex and usually enlarge into a blotch in later larval stages. Blotch mines are typically situated at the leaf tips. Many older leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFC5D9012FB40A503" box="[959,1225,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoxiphium">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC5D9012FB40A503" box="[959,1225,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wilkesia gymnoxiphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
naturally brown at the tips, which can make it difficult to find active mines of this moth species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF25906BFD3CA54B" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,693,1122,1149]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF25906BFEDDA54A" bold="true" box="[199,340,1122,1148]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFEB9906AFE5DA54B" box="[347,468,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFDE8906AFD20A54B" box="[522,681,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 105" captionStartId="167.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,186,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-20@167.[146,1441,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="167" captionText="FIGURE 105. Parasitoid wasps that emerged from Philodoria that mine Asteraceae, Kauai. A–H, M, N: Braconidae, I, J: unidentified species, M–O: Bethylidae. A–L: from P. alakaiensis? on Dubautia sp. [laxa?], Kauai. A, B CJ453, C, D CJ458-1, E, F CJ458-2, G, H CJ458-3, I, J CJ458-4, K, L CJ458-5, M–O CJ522 from P. funkae on Wilkesia gymnoxiphium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682041/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 105M–O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF25908EFF44A43B" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF25908EFF44A43B" blockId="96.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF25908EFEB2A597" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1185]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFEA3908EFE29A597" authorityName="A.Gray" authorityYear="1852" box="[321,416,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFEA3908EFE29A597" box="[321,416,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wilkesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises of only two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFCE3908EFC41A597" box="[769,968,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoxiphium">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFCE3908EFC41A597" box="[769,968,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">W. gymnoxiphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFC1E908EFBE3A597" authorityName="H.St.John" authorityYear="1971" box="[1020,1130,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hobdyi">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC1E908EFBE3A597" box="[1020,1130,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">W. hobdyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both are only known from Kauai.
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFF0B90A2FE15A5F3" authorityName="H.St.John" authorityYear="1971" box="[233,412,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hobdyi">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF0B90A2FE15A5F3" box="[233,412,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wilkesia hobdyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is critically endangered (IUCN). We were unable to visit natural populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFACE90A2FA15A5F3" authorityName="H.St.John" authorityYear="1971" box="[1324,1436,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wilkesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hobdyi">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFACE90A2FA15A5F3" box="[1324,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">W. hobdyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and survey for
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFEA790C6FE37A5DF" box="[325,446,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFEA790C6FE37A5DF" box="[325,446,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the remaining populations of this plant are located on a steep, dangerous cliff area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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