170 lines
18 KiB
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170 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="87A27FED88931FEB9391480A777FD7E1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax arthuri Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0FF1F2CC-836D-46A6-A04E-4AF8256C032B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853587" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0FF1F2CC-836D-46A6-A04E-4AF8256C032B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87A27FED88931FEB9391480A777FD7E1" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="84" pageNumber="85" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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(031)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0FF1F2CC-836D-46A6-A04E-4AF8256C032B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="84" pageNumber="85">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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, 46C, 47C, 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 51
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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This species can be diagnosed by the narrow pronotum relative to the elytra, MEW/MPW = 1.64-1.67, and the irregularly anastomosing striae 2-7, resulting in massive convex warts that may or may not be bilaterally symmetrical (Fig. 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). These characters set this species apart from all others from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax medeirosi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medeirosi">Mecyclothorax medeirosi</taxonomicName>
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below. That species differs by a relatively broader pronotum (Fig. 49C); MEW/MPW = 1.47. A third species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax oppenheimeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppenheimeri">Mecyclothorax oppenheimeri</taxonomicName>
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Liebherr from West Maui, shares the warty elytral condition of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax medeirosi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medeirosi">Mecyclothorax medeirosi</taxonomicName>
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while exhibiting a pronotum of relative width intermediate to that of those two species; i.e. MEW/MPW = 1.52-1.57 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="15 - 76" title="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini) of West Maui, Hawaii: taxonomy, biogeography, and conservation." url="10.1002/mmnd.201100005" volume="58" year="2011">Liebherr 2011</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 36). Setal formula: 2 1 2 0(1-2)[sae]. The variation in the apical elytral setae is distributed as: 5 individuals with both setae absent; 1 individual with apical seta absent and subapical setae present; and 1 individual with both apical and subapical setae present. Standardized body length 4.0-4.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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Figure 49.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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group species, habitus view.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 2145m). A Female specimen B Male specimen
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax medeirosi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medeirosi">Mecyclothorax medeirosi</taxonomicName>
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(New Greensword Bog, 1850 m) C Dorsal view D Ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, straight, with external carina; dorsal surface of neck flat to convex; eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.43-1.47, covering
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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of slightly protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.72-0.80; labral anterior margin broadly, moderately deeply emarginate; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with sparse pelage of short setae; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum bisetose, lateral seta present, basal seta absent, basally constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.53; hind angle acute, apex acuminate, lateral margin broadly convergent anterad angle; median base depressed relative to disc, with sparsely distributed punctures near basal margin, longitudinal wrinkles at juncture with disc; basal margin straight between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression shallow, indistinct, to deep, distinct, always crossed by transverse wrinkles emanating onto disc; anterior transverse impression deeply incised, complete, short wrinkles extended from impression posteriorly onto disc; anterior callosity broadly convex, smooth; front angles slightly produced, tightly rounded; width between front angles greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.01-1.08; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge beaded; laterobasal depression broad, a depressed expansion of lateral depression. Proepisternum with 6 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process medially depressed, with broad marginal bead. Elytra broadly subquadrate, lateral margins convex from humerus to subapical sinuation; basal groove incrementally recurved, bordering 4 basal convexities mesad tightly rounded to subangulate humeral angle; humeri narrow relative to broadest portion of elytra behind midlength; MEW/HuW = 2.07-2.16; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole narrow, deep, directly connected to isolated basal portion of sutural stria; sutural interval as convex as interval 2, though less convex than warty protuberances associated with intervals 3-7; discal striae lined with sculpticells, smooth; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth in apical half of elytra; discal striae 2-6 joined irregularly at positions of dorsal elytral setae, larger convexities associated with striae 2-4, smaller more irregular convexities laterad; warty convexities vary among individuals, as well as bilaterally (Fig. 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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); 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length, setal impressions very small, shallow, not distinctly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">associated</pageBreakToken>
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with a depressed stria; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 5 setae, an isolated intermediate seta, and 4 posterior setae; elytral marginal depression broad laterally, narrow behind; subapical sinuation shallow, broad. Mesepisternum with 8 shallow punctures in 2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.72; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing an ovoid flap 3.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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long as broad, remnant R and M veins present, flap extended to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with indistinct lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-3; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci broad, shallow. Microsculpture of vertex a granulate isodiametric mesh; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh median base with isodiametric sculpticells and glossy portions; elytral disc and apex with very shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, antennomeres 2-11 rufopiceous; pronotal disc rufobrunneous, pronotal margins broadly paler, rufoflavous; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufous; elytral disc rufobrunneous, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufous apically; elytral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, apex concolorous with disc; elytral epipleuron rufoflavous, metepisternum rufous; abdomen rufobrunneous mediobasally, all ventrites flavous laterally, the apical ventrite with apex broadly flavous; metafemur flavous with piceous basal cloud; metatibia rufobrunneous, piceous cast medially.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 5.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 45H); apex extended 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its depth beyond ostial opening, gradually narrowed to narrowly rounded tip; median lobe constricted laterally toward apex in ventral view, right margin distinctly concave, left margin more gradually narrowed, tip blunt (Fig. 45J); internal sac with bulbous ventral lobe near midlength, apex broadly rounded with small sclerotized flagellar plate visible along dorsal surface of apical lobe (Fig. 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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), sac surface uniformly covered with microspicules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix very short, broad, little extended from broad vaginal base, length 0.23 m, breadth 0.40 mm (Fig. 46C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae in oblique series, 4-6 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex evenly narrowed, base broadly extended laterally, 2 narrow lateral ensiform setae and broad dorsal ensiform seta with rounded apex, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kuiki, below at 2134 m /
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="20.703833">N20°42.23'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-156.13333">W156°08.00'</geoCoordinate>
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, / 16-V-2001 lot 02 sift / litter under ohia lehua / J.K. Liebherr // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="arthuri" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="arthuri">arthuri</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">Paratypes</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Haleakala Crater, Paliku, 2134 m el., 23-vi-1975, Burkhart (BPBM, 1), Kipahulu Vy., sift litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 3), Kuiki, below, sift
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Patronyms used in this revision honor the contributions of colleagues to the work in hand. The immense contributions of Dr. Arthur Medeiros in teaching the author how to conduct operative science in the Hawaiian rainforest made this entire work possible. Thus this is the first of two patronyms to honor him.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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The known distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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straddles the head of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley, including Paliku in the eastern end of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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Crater, Kuiki high along the southwest valley rim, and the upper
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Camp sampled by Medeiros and Jessel, 2100 m elevation (Fig. 51). Specimens have been collected by sifting leaf litter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |