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<mods:title id="8761C0E615EF9D20C2BE8F8133BB1E40">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A610F94D471C9DCD984282DA9C559E3D">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="982196CBA99CD33A7F1319A8506BB1B4">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF61F533FC8EFAB2" blockId="33.[136,864,1311,1336]" box="[136,864,1311,1336]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="D0CC6051FFBB2F41FF61F533FC8EFAB2" box="[136,864,1311,1336]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BF013FFBB2F41FF61F533FC8EFAB2" box="[136,864,1311,1336]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFFBB2F41FF61F533FD04FAB2" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[136,746,1311,1336]" page=")" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" year="1843">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FF61F533FD04FAB2" authority="(Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg (1843: 388)" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1843" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[136,746,1311,1336]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F533FEB8FAB2" bold="true" box="[136,342,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Surirella fastuosa</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg)
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FE02F533FD04FAB2" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[491,746,1311,1336]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="291 - 445" refId="ref23296" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1843) Verbreitung und Einflufs des mikroskopischen Lebens in Sud-und Nord-Amerika. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1841: 291 - 445." type="journal article" year="1843">Ehrenberg (1843: 388)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FFBB2F41FD10F533FCB6FAB2" box="[761,856,1311,1336]" captionStart="FIGURES 103110" captionStartId="31.[136,243,1975,1996]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,227,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-14@31.[189,1399,190,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 103110. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 103. Campylodiscus bicostatus, Fig. 104. Campylodiscus crebrecostatus, Fig. 105. Campylodiscus daemelianus, Fig. 106. Campylodiscus decorus, Fig. 107. Campylodicus imperialis, Fig. 108. Petrodictyon gemma, Fig. 109. Surirella fastuosa, Fig. 110. Campylodiscus neofastuosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728842/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32184B6FFBB2F41FF61F56AFC2BFA42" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF61F56AFEB4FAF5" blockId="33.[136,1452,1350,1407]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F56AFF1EFAD1" box="[136,240,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">References</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FF17F56AFE6FFAD1" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[254,385,1350,1371]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" refId="ref24568" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters, Part V: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey 1964</bibRefCitation>
, p. 288, pl. 40, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FDBEF56AFCC1FAD1" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[599,815,1350,1371]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FD2FF56AFD19FAD1" box="[710,759,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 414, pl. 215, figs 13, pl. 216, fig.?4¸
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FB21F56AFA66FAD1" author="Stidolph, S. R. &amp; Sterrenburg, F. A. S. &amp; Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A." box="[1224,1416,1350,1371]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" refId="ref27343" refString="Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A. (2012) Diatom Atlas. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012." type="book" year="2012">
Stidolph
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FAF6F56AFABFFAD1" box="[1311,1361,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 6, figs 122126.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF61F583FF04FA42" box="[136,234,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Features</emphasis>
: Length 68110 μm, width 3855 μm, marginal alae
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FFBB2F41FCAAF583FC80FA42" box="[835,878,1455,1480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32184B6FFBB2F41FF54F5FFFE4FF962" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F5FFFCA8F99A" blockId="33.[136,1452,1455,1768]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F5FFFEAFFA66" box="[189,321,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Description</emphasis>
: Valves broadly ovate. Costae well-spaced,
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FFBB2F41FCD4F5FFFC69FA66" box="[829,903,1491,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 in</quantity>
10 μm, narrowed towards valve center. Central area lanceolate. Striae very fine and confined to marginal area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F637FE2CF9F6" blockId="33.[136,1452,1455,1768]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F637FEF1F9BE" box="[189,287,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Remarks</emphasis>
: Valve outline is rather variable in this species; central area may take different shapes and structure. The image given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FEABF613FE08F9D2" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[322,486,1599,1624]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="101 - 168" refId="ref24607" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 101 - 168" type="journal article" year="1970">Hendey (1970</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 5, fig. 45) from coastal water of
<collectingCountry id="F32C97ADFFBB2F41FC7AF613FC0BF9D2" box="[915,997,1599,1624]" name="Kuwait" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FBE7F613FA7EF9D2" authority="A. Schmidt (1875: 19)" authorityName="A. Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1875" box="[1038,1424,1599,1624]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="recedens">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FBE7F613FB61F9D2" box="[1038,1167,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">S. recedens</emphasis>
A.Schmidt (1875: 19)
</taxonomicName>
is rather similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFFBB2F41FEABF64FFE55F9F6" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1843" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[322,443,1635,1660]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Surirellales" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FEABF64FFE55F9F6" box="[322,443,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">S. fastuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFFBB2F41FF54F6ABFE4FF962" blockId="33.[136,1452,1455,1768]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFFBB2F41FF54F6ABFE0BF92A" box="[189,485,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
A widespread marine species, but can also be found in brackish water as in Shatt Al-Arab estuary, Southern
<collectingCountry id="F32C97ADFFBB2F41FE73F687FE29F94E" box="[410,455,1707,1732]" name="Iraq" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFFBB2F41FE30F687FD76F94E" author="Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[473,664,1707,1732]" pageId="33" pageNumber="144" pagination="153 - 183" refId="ref22301" refString="Al-Handal, A. Y. (2009) Littoral diatoms from the Shatt Al-Arab estuary, North-West Arabian Gulf. Cryptogamie Algologie 30: 153 - 183." type="journal article" year="2009">Al-Handal 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in
<collectingRegion id="49FF19DFFFBB2F41FEE6F6E3FEA1F962" box="[271,335,1743,1768]" country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah" pageId="33" pageNumber="144">Basra</collectingRegion>
corals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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