treatments-xml/data/03/EB/DD/03EBDD51FFF21A5BFF74FA6127F9896D.xml

<document id="FCA19F99C8739067D03B9F345F7D96D2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9f2df1a-672f-4b15-9954-222b8df3adf2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285126" ID-ZooBank="29514430-A494-406F-AB33-9F593B22EE9A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460690401296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. &amp; White, William T." docDate="2013" docId="03EBDD51FFF21A5BFF74FA6127F9896D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Himantura javaensis Last &amp; White, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFD2A529FFF81A49FFE3FFB9252D8B76" masterDocTitle="Two new stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) from the eastern Indonesian Archipelago" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698351773622" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="2A692B7976949C2B6CD301BACA506308" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="60DA34312C6706CD87460591468B39B2">
<mods:title id="6B8A7CD018B7512B38F938803427FD48">Two new stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) from the eastern Indonesian Archipelago</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D5DD1AA19449A3144FAD68DD122DF15B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="53CFE8561E0BEB79E4C069135AFF927D">
<mods:roleTerm id="034BA2ED2C34D2F2E23D55E14D87F891">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A73E58CF5DB5B1E22185CDF04A6E7811">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1D08A1E8E892D3DAA2D5FB90917692DB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="140D6DC55B03320057FDCBDDB87AED97">
<mods:roleTerm id="7E6412EEE6687692200830952ADCEACD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4909B0FD74838BD4DCA9D4475D46C135">White, William T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A8FDE547B8763104FDAD3ACA27005EDB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B23348024671101979C7E207DF612F1E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="FC5126327E2C9764EF70998E72FDE5AF">
<mods:title id="D08772E8BD716A6C93B9F18AA1A0C505">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BB0CF887E173958AA84853FCFB467300">
<mods:date id="6207691E96A5D0266CD7155FFF8A529A">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="32FC0B0A584C0198E3EE8C11F84685F3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CEEB65754A12ED094DBE082BC561300B">3722</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1CCA7E5E473C60E4EF4057A7D50749FB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="910EF2429C5C86A7970F5CF7F0B76384">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="88586B97E195F825549A20655CF9F33D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8A8CC6A454D50F9101A1AEF2069A6EBB">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EADC7C77E48E7FDF91220B821DC43F7D">21</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8094C5F4D4DFA34C922771868C54CD79">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="23AB464C8A2E161FF80E2A792A374489" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2F6DF2518DA42403055041DF6FC06E28" type="GBIF-Dataset">c9f2df1a-672f-4b15-9954-222b8df3adf2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8CBB5871510F466D28D4759AAB3DF52A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ACB56356911E7306B951DACA6C2FAD6A" type="Zenodo-Dep">285126</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6BD62F7375F1410BBD56D182EBF9059C" type="ZooBank">29514430-A494-406F-AB33-9F593B22EE9A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EBDD51FFF21A5BFF74FA6127F9896D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615441" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127666162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5615441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EBDD51FFF21A5BFF74FA6127F9896D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EBDD51FFF21A5BFF74FA6127F9896D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFF21A43FF74FA6121F78D0E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF21A43FF74FA6124D48E84" blockId="10.[151,505,1496,1556]" box="[151,505,1496,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0B5DB2BFFF21A43FF74FA6124D48E84" bold="true" box="[151,505,1496,1522]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF74FA6124D48E84" bold="true" box="[151,505,1496,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF21A43FF74FA6124B98E84" ID-CoL="3LY3M" box="[151,404,1496,1522]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF74FA6124B98E84" bold="true" box="[151,404,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF21A43FE78FA6124D48E84" box="[411,505,1496,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF21A43FF74FA4224458D65" blockId="10.[151,505,1496,1556]" box="[151,360,1531,1556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="137970C2FFF21A43FF74FA4224248D65" box="[151,265,1531,1556]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1275,1297]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionStartId-4="17.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionStartId-5="18.[151,250,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox-0="[263,1309,210,1925]" captionTargetBox-1="[172,1416,216,1227]" captionTargetBox-2="[415,1171,1377,1889]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,201,1483]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,594,1261]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[259,1328,193,1947]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[415,1171,1377,1889]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetId-5="figure@18.[151,1436,594,1261]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-5="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Himantura javaensis sp. nov., female holotype, MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002): A. dorsal surface, fresh colour; B. ventral surface, preserved." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Dorsal surface of a late adolescent male paratype of Himantura javaensis sp. nov., CSIRO H 6129 - 01 (173 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002)." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Oronasal region of the female holotype of Himantura javaensis sp. nov. MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002)." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Squamation on the central disc of the female holotype of Himantura javaensis sp. nov. MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002): A. dorsal view of secondary denticle band; B. close up of denticles in the suprascapular region." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Neighbour-joining tree of nucleotide sequence divergence at the barcoding region of the COI gene following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) for Himantura javaensis and its closest congeners. Scale bar represents 2 % K 2 P distance. GenBank accession numbers are listed." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Map of the Indo – Australian region showing the collection localities for the types of Dasyatis longicauda (black circle) and Himantura javaensis (black star)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/285132/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/285133/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/285134/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/285135/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/285136/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 8–13</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6C059FCFFF21A43FEF6FA4224458D65" box="[277,360,1531,1556]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric data for the female holotype of Himantura javaensis sp. nov. (MZB 21461), with ranges provided for 5 measured paratypes. Measurements expressed as a percentage of disc width (mm)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF21A43FF74F9FD21F78D0E" blockId="10.[151,1400,1603,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF21A43FF74F9FD242B8D2F" box="[151,262,1604,1625]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF74F9FD242B8D2F" box="[151,262,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF21A43FEC5F9FA27738D2F" authority="White et al., 2006: 260" authorityName="White et al." authorityPageNumber="260" authorityYear="2006" box="[294,606,1603,1625]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FEC5F9FA24498D2F" box="[294,356,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">walga</emphasis>
: White 
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FE56F9FD24C48D2F" box="[437,489,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006: 260
</taxonomicName>
, figs (images are of the nominated 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF21A43FC22F9FA21338D2F" box="[961,1054,1603,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); White &amp; Dharmadi, 2007: 1811. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF21A43FF74F9DA242B8D0E" box="[151,262,1635,1656]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF74F9DA242B8D0E" box="[151,262,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1: Ward 
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FE65F9DA24948D0E" box="[390,441,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: accessory publication 1 (page 1 of tree; 4 of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF21A43FC0EF9DA21478D0E" box="[1005,1130,1635,1656]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FC0EF9DA21478D0E" box="[1005,1130,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF21A43FB93F9DA21FE8D0E" box="[1136,1235,1635,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFF21A44FF74F91D24C48DB9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF21A43FF74F91D201F8DCB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1700,2013]" box="[151,1330,1700,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF74F91D24268DCB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1700,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF21A43FF74F91D242B8DCB" box="[151,262,1700,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
MZB 21461, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FE1EF91D27748DCA" box="[509,601,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="164.0">164 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF21A43FBC3F91D21BD8DCB" box="[1056,1168,1700,1725]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF21A43FB78F91C20038DCB" box="[1179,1326,1701,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2002-06-10">10 Jun. 2002</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF21A43FF24F97121B68CAB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1700,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF21A43FF24F971246B8D97" bold="true" box="[199,326,1736,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF21A43FF24F971246C8D97" box="[199,321,1736,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D44A7CEFFF21A43FEB4F97024DC8D97" box="[343,497,1736,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
) CSIRO H 5859-01, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FCDAF97026B58D96" box="[825,920,1737,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
DW, CSIRO H 5859-03, adult male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FADDF97020B18D96" box="[1342,1436,1737,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="212.0">212 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF21A43FD65F95527DB8C73" box="[646,758,1772,1797]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF21A43FCEAF95426828C73" box="[777,943,1773,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-04-17">17 Apr. 2001</date>
; CSIRO H 5860-08 (Genbank accession 
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFF21A43FF74F8A924398C5F" box="[151,276,1808,1833]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398861" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EU398861</accessionNumber>
), female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FE66F8A824CA8C5E" box="[389,487,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="197.0">197 mm</quantity>
DW, CSIRO H 5860-11 (Genbank accession 
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFF21A43FBEFF8A921A78C5F" box="[1036,1162,1808,1833]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398860" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EU398860</accessionNumber>
), female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FB18F8A820708C5E" box="[1275,1373,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="234.0">234 mm</quantity>
DW, CSIRO H 5860-12, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FE30F88C271F8C3A" box="[467,562,1845,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="198.0">198 mm</quantity>
DW, CSIRO H 5860-14, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FC50F88C213F8C3A" box="[947,1042,1845,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF21A43FF39F8E124678C07" box="[218,330,1880,1905]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF21A43FEB4F8E024DB8C07" box="[343,502,1881,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2002-03-22">22 Mar. 2002</date>
; CSIRO H 6129-01, adolescent male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FC4DF8E021238C06" box="[942,1038,1881,1905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="173.0">173 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF21A43FF35F8C5246B8CE3" box="[214,326,1916,1941]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF21A43FEB2F8C424C78CE3" box="[337,490,1917,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2002-03-23">23 Mar. 2002</date>
; AMS I 46280-001, juvenile male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FC8DF8C426E68CE2" box="[878,971,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
DW, NMV A 30997-001, adult male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FA91F8C425EE8CCE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
DW, MZB 15053 (Genbank accession 
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFF21A43FD6CF81926208CCF" box="[655,781,1952,1977]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398859" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EU398859</accessionNumber>
), female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FC99F81826F78CCE" box="[890,986,1953,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="171.0">171 mm</quantity>
DW, MZB 15060 (Genbank accession 
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFF21A43FF74F87D24388CAB" box="[151,277,1988,2013]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398858" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EU398858</accessionNumber>
), male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF21A43FE86F87D24EF8CAA" box="[357,450,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="169.0">169 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF21A43FC6BF87D26D58CAB" box="[904,1016,1988,2013]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF21A43FBE0F87C21BA8CAB" box="[1027,1175,1989,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2002-06-10">10 Jun. 2002</date>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFF31A42FF74F809212A8C93" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285132/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[263,1309,210,1925]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF31A42FF74F809212A8C93" blockId="11.[151,1436,1968,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF31A42FF74F809243C8CB0" bold="true" box="[151,273,1968,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF31A42FEC1F80824D78CB0" box="[290,506,1969,1990]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF31A42FEC1F80824D78CB0" box="[290,506,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF31A42FDE5F80927778CB0" bold="true" box="[518,602,1968,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF31A42FDE5F80927778CB0" box="[518,602,1968,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female holotype, MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002): A. dorsal surface, fresh colour; B. ventral surface, preserved.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFF41A45FF74FB42265A8E46" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285133/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[172,1416,216,1227]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF41A45FF74FB42265A8E46" blockId="12.[151,1435,1275,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FF74FB4224208E67" bold="true" box="[151,269,1275,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Dorsal surface of a late adolescent male paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF41A45FCDAFB4521238E67" box="[825,1038,1276,1297]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FCDAFB4521238E67" box="[825,1038,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FBF5FB4221458E67" bold="true" box="[1046,1128,1275,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF41A45FBF5FB4221458E67" box="[1046,1128,1275,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, CSIRO H 6129-01 (173 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFF41A45FF74F8CE27F98CDD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285134/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[415,1171,1377,1889]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF41A45FF74F8CE27F98CDD" blockId="12.[151,1436,1911,1963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FF74F8CE24378CFB" bold="true" box="[151,282,1911,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Oronasal region of the female holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF41A45FD3DF8C1269E8CFB" box="[734,947,1912,1933]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FD3DF8C1269E8CFB" box="[734,947,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF41A45FC58F8CE21218CFB" box="[955,1036,1911,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF41A45FC58F8CE21218CFB" bold="true" box="[955,1036,1911,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFF51A44FF74FA5627068D34" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285135/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1436,201,1483]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF51A44FF74FA5627068D34" blockId="13.[151,1436,1519,1602]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FF74FA5624348D73" bold="true" box="[151,281,1519,1541]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. Squamation on the central disc of the female holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF51A44FC9CFA4921798D73" box="[895,1108,1520,1541]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FC9CFA4921798D73" box="[895,1108,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FBBFFA5621828D73" bold="true" box="[1116,1199,1519,1541]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF51A44FBBFFA5621828D73" box="[1116,1199,1519,1541]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MZB 21461 (164 mm DW, preserved, Cilacap, southern central Java, Indonesia, 10 Jun. 2002): A. dorsal view of secondary denticle band; B. close up of denticles in the suprascapular region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF51A44FF24F9D724C48DB9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1646,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FF24F9D724AF8DF1" bold="true" box="[199,386,1646,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Other material.</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D44A7CEFFF51A44FE71F9D627338DF1" box="[402,542,1646,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
) MZB 15055, male 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF51A44FCE0F9D6264D8DF1" box="[771,864,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="144.0">144 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF51A44FACBF9D720B58DF1" box="[1320,1432,1646,1671]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF51A44FF74F92A241F8DDD" box="[151,306,1683,1707]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2002-03-23">23 Mar. 2002</date>
; MZB 15057, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF51A44FDCFF92A27A78DDD" box="[556,650,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="231.0">231 mm</quantity>
DW, MZB 15061, female 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF51A44FC59F92A21358DDD" box="[954,1048,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="173.0">173 mm</quantity>
DW, Cilacap landing site, Central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFF51A44FF35F90F246B8DB9" box="[214,326,1718,1743]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFFC4A87FFF51A44FEB2F90E24C88DB9" box="[337,485,1719,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2002-06-10">10 Jun. 2002</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFF51A47FF24F96226A08A6B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF51A47FF24F96226A08A6B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1646,2032]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FF24F962246C8D82" bold="true" box="[199,321,1755,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A very small species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF51A44FD9EF96527D58D85" box="[637,760,1756,1779]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF51A44FD9EF96527D58D85" box="[637,760,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(to at least 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF51A44FC77F96226CD8D85" box="[916,992,1755,1779]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
DW) distinguished by the following combination of features: disc suboval with a long, and broadly pointed snout, angle 104–111°, its length equal to or slightly longer than its width; pectoral-fin apices very broadly rounded, angle 101–104°; orbits small, weakly protrusible, 5–6% DW; short nostrils 3–4% DW; narrow internasal width, 9–10% DW; undamaged tail long, 2.1– 2.2 times DW; sting situated relatively posteriorly on tail, distance from cloaca origin to sting 38–42% DW; pelvic fins relatively small, length 17–20% DW; relatively short claspers, 18–19% DW in adult males; 1–3 (usually 1) small, seed- or heart-shaped suprascapular denticles, no large scute-like thorns or spines on dorsal surface; secondary denticle band well formed and sharply demarcated in adults, very narrow over branchial region, broadest over abdomen, then converging posteriorly near pectoral-fin insertions; tail usually entirely naked; dorsal surface mainly uniformly brownish when skin undamaged, disc margin slightly paler brown; ventral disc and tail white with dark margins on pectoral and pelvic fins, and dark blotches over first four gill slits; pectoral-fin radials 103– 108; total vertebral count (excluding first synarcual centra) 96–100.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFF61A58FF24FE9E21768BA2" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF61A47FF24FE9E27AF88B1" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF61A47FF24FE9E24748A36" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
Disc variably suboval and pointed anteriorly, width 0.99 times length in female 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FB09FE9E20618A36" box="[1258,1356,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(0.95– 1.00 in the 5 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FEC4FEF424B88A13" box="[295,405,333,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,&gt; 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF61A47FE55FEF5273F8A12" box="[438,530,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="173.0">173 mm</quantity>
disc width, DW); depressed, not greatly raised at mid-scapular region, maximum thickness 9% (7–9%) of DW; preorbital snout long, forming broad lobe at the snout tip, angle 109° (104–111°); disc width 2.07 (2.04–2.14) and distance from snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion 1.88 (1.89–1.98) times distance from snout tip to point of maximum width respectively; anterior margin of disc strongly concave, apex very broadly rounded, posterior margin broadly and evenly convex, free rear tip rounded, angle of pectoral-fin apex 101° (101–104°). Pelvic fins subtriangular, short, length 19.1% (17.3–19.7%) DW; lateral margin almost straight, apex narrowly pointed; free rear tip broadly rounded, combined with inner and posterior margins to form strongly convex edge; width across base 16.2% (15.1–17.9%) DW, 1.17 (1.06–1.19) in pelvic-fin length. Clasper of adult male relatively short, stout basally, tapering strongly, depressed slightly, its postcloacal length 18.4–18.9% DW in adult and late adolescent males; lining of pseudopera smooth; hypopyle short, about 40% of length of clasper outer margin; without prominent anterior notch. Tail very slender, semi-rigid, long, its length 2.09 (2.10–2.21) times DW, 2.42 (2.35–2.49) times precloacal length; tapering gradually and evenly toward sting, then with very weak taper beyond sting to finely pointed tail tip; base relatively narrow, moderately depressed, its width 1.84 (1.41–1.66) times its height; slightly less depressed below sting base, its width 1.38 (1.32–1.46) times its height; sting not positioned well forward on tail, distance from cloaca origin to sting 2.16 (2.09–2.33) in precloacal length, 40% (37–40%) disc length; dorsal groove housing stinging spine tapering gradually and persistent for about snout length behind sting base; in adults posterior tail subrectangular, its dorsal surface almost flat, ventral surface with shallow median furrow, lateral edge weakly convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF61A47FF24FC6D26A58E23" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Snout elongate, bluntly pointed, very depressed; preoral snout length 3.48 (3.23–3.80) times mouth width, 3.11 (2.85–3.26) times internarial distance, 1.32 (1.34–1.43) times distance between first gill slits; direct preorbital snout length 2.49 (2.28–2.62) times interorbital length; distance from snout tip to maximum disc width 48% (47– 49%) DW; interorbital space almost flat, weakly concave across preorbit; eye small, length 1.94 (1.54–1.78) in spiracle length; orbits not greatly protrusible, diameter 1.22 (0.95–1.19) in spiracle length, interorbital distance 2.15 (1.91–2.45) times orbit, intereye distance 2.92 (2.51–3.15) times orbit. Spiracles large 6.6 (5.6–6.5)% DW, suboval, situated dorsolaterally. Nostrils short, narrow, slightly oblique, outer margin raised slightly with a weak double concavity; internasal distance 2.63 (2.35–2.77) in prenasal length, 2.43 (2.44–2.80) times nostril length. Nasal curtain relatively broad compared to its length, width 2.05 (1.85–2.16) times length; lateral margins straight to weakly concave, smooth edged, barely to weakly diverging posteriorly; apices narrowly rounded, situated within broad groove; posterior margin very finely fringed, almost straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF61A47FF24FAE6267E8C72" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Mouth narrow, width 8.4% (7.5–9.1%) DW, 1.12 (1.07–1.23) in internasal width; profile moderately arched but variably, not obviously more so in adult male 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FD0CFA3D267C8EEB" box="[751,849,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
than in large females; upper jaw strongly double concave, dorsal to lower jaw; lower jaw concave near symphysis, largely concealing and slotting into expanded symphysial knob of upper jaw; oronasal groove prominent, deep; skin along margin of lower jaw barely corrugated, confined to narrow strip around lips. Teeth of adult male 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FC5BFA4821348D7F" box="[952,1049,1521,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMV A 30997-001) with larger cusps in upper jaw than in lower jaw; upper jaw teeth suboval to rhomboidal, largest near symphysis and on lateral knobs, more strongly cuspid near jaw angle; lower jaw teeth in strong quincunx, suboval near symphysis, more cuspid near jaw angle. In female 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FDEBF9E427458D03" box="[520,616,1629,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 5860-11) teeth more broadly oval, in strong quincunx, largely acuspid. Tooth rows (in 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FE4BF938273E8DEF" box="[424,531,1665,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
NMV A 30997-001and CSIRO H 5860-11) about 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFF61A47FBB3F93921998DEE" box="[1104,1204,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.0668" metricValueMin="0.9652" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="40.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="38.0">38–42 in</quantity>
upper jaw; 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FAD9F9C620B18DEE" box="[1338,1436,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
not dissected. Floor or mouth with 4 well-developed, simple, slender, elongate papillae (in 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF61A47FB26F91C201D8DCB" box="[1221,1328,1701,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
NMV A 30997-001 and CSIRO H 5860-11); a pair situated close together centrally, and one on either side of mouth near its corners; medial papillae slightly longer than those near corner.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF61A47FF24F8B6277E8CE3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gill opening margins moderately S-shaped, smooth-edged; length of first gill slit 1.27 (1.15–1.65) times length of fifth, 3.06 (2.28–2.97) in mouth width; distance between first gill slits 2.35(2.09–2.43) times internasal distance, 0.42 (0.39–0.41) of ventral head length; distance between fifth gill slits 1.43 (1.30–1.55) times internasal distance, 0.25 (0.24–0.26) in ventral head length.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFF71A46FF74FF21218B8BB9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF74FF21218B8BB9" blockId="15.[151,1435,152,207]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF71A46FF74FF2124208BD9" bold="true" box="[151,269,152,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for the female holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFF71A46FCC7FF21212A8BD9" box="[804,1031,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF71A46FCC7FF21212A8BD9" box="[804,1031,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2050D2EFFF71A46FBF1FF2121458BD9" box="[1042,1128,152,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MZB 21461), with ranges provided for 5 measured paratypes. Measurements expressed as a percentage of disc width (mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FD9AFF5321078A76" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" box="[633,1066,234,256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF71A46FD9AFF5327FA8A76" box="[633,727,234,256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFF71A46FC6AFF5226C68A76" box="[905,1003,235,256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(n=5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FC6AFEAD219F886C" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Min. Max. Disc width (mm) 164 173 234 Total length 296.3 299.5 309.2 Disc length 101 99.8 105.5 Snout to pectoral-fin insertion 90.9 90.9 96.6 Disc thickness 11.4 11 13.5 Snout (preorbital) length 28.8 28.3 30.2 Snout (preorbital) horizontal length 27.3 26.2 29.1 Pelvic-fin (embedded) length 19.1 17.3 19.7 Width across pelvic-fin base 16.2 15.1 17.9 Greatest width across pelvic fins 42.2 33.7 41.6 Cloaca origin to tail tip 209.8 210 220.7 Tail width at axil of pelvic fins 9.6 8.3 10</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF7CFC94218C8F64" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tail height at axil of pelvic fins 5.2 5.4 6.7 Pectoral-fin insertion to sting origin 39.1 33.9 36.1 Cloaca origin to sting 40.1 38.1 42.1 Tail width at base of sting 4.3 3.8 4.6 Tail height at base of sting 3.1 2.9 3.2 Sting 1 length - - -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF7CFB9C219F8E7C" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Snout preoral (to lower jaw) length 29.3 28.6 30.7 Mouth width 8.4 7.5 9.1 Distance between nostrils 9.4 9 10.3 Interorbital width 11.5 11.4 12.9 Inter-eye width 15.6 15.1 16.7 Snout to maximum width 48.3 46.8 49</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF7CFAA7218B8E2A" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eye length 3.4 3.2 3.8 Orbit diameter 5.4 5.1 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF7CFAC9219F8D5D" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spiracle length 6.6 5.6 6.5 Interspiracular width 17.9 17 18.4 Orbit and spiracle length 9.6 9.3 9.9 Nostril length 3.9 3.3 3.9 Snout prenasal length 24.8 24.1 26</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A46FF7CF98721E88CE9" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nasal curtain length 10 10 11.9 Nasal curtain width 4.9 4.8 5.7 Orbit to pectoral-fin insertion 57.2 57.4 61.5 Snout to origin of cloaca 86.5 83.8 89.5 Width 1st gill slit 2.8 2.8 3.4 Width 3rd gill slit 2.8 3 3.3 Width 5th gill slit 2.2 2 2.8 Head length 53.1 52.1 55.5 Distance between 1st gill slits 22.1 20.5 22.3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFF71A59FB81F80B25F6883C" blockId="15.[159,1432,234,1992]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFF71A46FB81F80B20B58CBE" box="[1122,1432,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24FE5424728970" bold="true" box="[199,351,493,518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Squamation.</emphasis>
Ontogenetic stages (definitions following Manjaji, 2004) 2 and 4, evident from 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FAFAFE5720648970" box="[1305,1353,494,518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
series; stages 3, 5 and 6 appear to be inapplicable; denticle development relatively rapid, no obvious sexual dimorphism. Secondary denticle band well defined in adults, expanded over abdomen, constricted over branchial region, poorly developed on tail, and with sharply-defined margins; no enlarged spines or scutes on tail or disc; suprascapular denticles 1–3 (mainly 1), seed- or heart-shaped, length 1.1–2.1% DW, their distance from edge of spiracle 18.9– 19.9% DW; distance of denticle band from snout tip 24.8–27.5% DW; width of band across interorbit 10.2–11.1% DW; narrowest width of band preceding scapular region 6.8–9.3% DW; width of band at scapulocoracoid 20.3– 25.0% DW; width of band over abdomen 25.1–30.6% DW; width of band at pectoral-fin insertion 0.9–5.8% DW. Stinging spines missing from all 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FDF2FCB727628850" box="[529,591,782,806]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
, except CSIRO H 5860-08 which has two spines, both broken off at their bases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF7CFF1921948AD8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="F9429EE7FFE8E5B6FF7CFF1921E28AD8" box="[159,1231,160,430]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFF1921E28BC0" box="[159,1231,160,182]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FF7CFF1924F78BC0" box="[159,474,160,182]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF7CFF1924218BC0" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFF7021E28BA9" box="[159,1231,201,223]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FD9AFF7027FA8BA9" box="[633,727,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Holotype</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFF7021078BA9" box="[905,1066,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paratypes (n=5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFF4B21E28A7E" box="[159,1231,242,264]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFF4B21078A7E" box="[905,1066,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Min.</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FB7AFF4B21E28A7E" box="[1177,1231,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Max.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFEA521E28A44" box="[159,1231,284,306]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FF7CFEA524F78A44" box="[159,474,284,306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distance between 5th gill slits</th>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FD9AFEA527FA8A44" box="[633,727,284,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">13.5</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFEA521078A44" box="[905,1066,284,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">13.2</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FB7AFEA521E28A44" box="[1177,1231,284,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">14.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFEFC21E28A2D" box="[159,1231,325,347]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FF7CFEFC24F78A2D" box="[159,474,325,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cloaca length</th>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FD9AFEFC27FA8A2D" box="[633,727,325,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.8</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFEFC21078A2D" box="[905,1066,325,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.5</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FB7AFEFC21E28A2D" box="[1177,1231,325,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFED721E28AF2" box="[159,1231,366,388]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FF7CFED724F78AF2" box="[159,474,366,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clasper postcloacal length</th>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FD9AFED727FA8AF2" box="[633,727,366,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFED721078AF2" box="[905,1066,366,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">18.4</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FB7AFED721E28AF2" box="[1177,1231,366,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">18.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35726E05FFE8E5B6FF7CFE2121E28AD8" box="[159,1231,408,430]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FF7CFE2124F78AD8" box="[159,474,408,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clasper length from pelvic axil</th>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FD9AFE2127FA8AD8" box="[633,727,408,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">-</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FC6AFE2121078AD8" box="[905,1066,408,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.1</td>
<td id="76A30779FFE8E5B6FB7AFE2121E28AD8" box="[1177,1231,408,430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24FCEC26268818" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" box="[199,779,853,878]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24FCEC24DD881B" box="[199,496,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Developmental Stages 0–1</emphasis>
: no specimens available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24FCC326DF8F30" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24FCC3243088E7" box="[199,285,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stage 2</emphasis>
(based on single 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FE10FCC3277A88E4" box="[499,599,890,914]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FD86FCC327EA88E7" box="[613,711,890,914]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
DW, AMS I 46280-001): squamation consisting of 2 slightly enlarged, seed-shaped, suprascapular denticles surrounded by narrow band of primary denticles; primary denticles small, flattened, heart-shaped; a smaller patch of denticles either side of suprascapular denticles. Small median patch of interspiracular denticles anteriorly, forming loose connection with scapular band. Posterior-most denticles of scapular band about an orbit diameter behind suprascapular denticles. Remainder of body naked, apart from small, widely spaced, upright denticles on dorsal surface of tail behind sting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24FBEB278D8EFC" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24FBEB24348F1F" box="[199,281,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stage 4</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FEC4FBE824908F1F" box="[295,445,1105,1130]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.64" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="199.0" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="164.0">164–234 mm</quantity>
DW): Secondary denticle band well developed, but its extension of band onto tail (as for Stage 3) variable; tail patches weak or absent. Secondary denticle band relatively consistent in shape in adults, with most variability in width across branchial region; its margin sharply defined; band semi-truncate just forward or orbit, covering most of interorbit, usually narrowing slightly at interspiracular space, then constricting over branchial region; usually broadest over abdominal region with its lateral margins converging posteriorly to merge at about level of pectoral-fin insertion; 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FDB5FABC27958E68" box="[598,696,1285,1310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
lacking secondary denticles on pre-sting tail (in some 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FAC9FABF20B58E68" box="[1322,1432,1286,1310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, these denticles extending onto tail in a very narrow medial band only a few denticles wide); remainder of disc and pre-sting tail naked. Denticles on post-sting tail of 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FD3CFAF726678E10" box="[735,842,1358,1382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in paired dorsolateral and lateral rows, absent from dorsal mid-line of tail; small partly embedded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24FA2C21738D6C" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24FA2C24188ED8" bold="true" box="[199,309,1429,1454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Meristics</emphasis>
. Total pectoral-fin radials 103–104 (103–108, n=8); propterygials 47–48 (46–49), mesopterygials 11–13 (11–13) and metapterygials 43–45 (44–47). Total pelvic-fin radials 25 (
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FC18FA0321728EA4" box="[1019,1119,1465,1490]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="23.0">23–27 in</quantity>
females; 17–19 plus clasper in males). Total vertebral segments (excluding first synarcual centra) 99 (96–100; n=4); monospondylous centra (excluding first synarcuals) 35 (36–37; n=8); diplospondylous centra 64 (60–64; n=4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24F99C26F48C28" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24F99C24658D48" bold="true" box="[199,328,1573,1598]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coloration</emphasis>
. When fresh (based on image of 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FD58F99C26308D48" box="[699,797,1573,1598]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MZB 21461. Dorsal surface of disc and pelvic fins more or less uniformly brownish or tan, often with blotchy areas due to skin abrasion or pinkish due to blood vessel rupture; outer margin of disc slightly paler brown; tail similar to disc with considerable abrasion on tail of 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FAD0F9D420B48DF0" box="[1331,1433,1645,1670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Main denticle band slightly paler brown and well defined; eye blackish, darker than rest of orbit. Ventral surface mainly white with broad, well-defined, continuous, dusky band along outer margins of pectoral and pelvic fins; dusky area commencing at about level of mouth then extending to hind part of pectoral fin, its greatest width (slight exceeding width of internasal flap) near pectoral fin apex; prominent dusky blotches over anterior four gill slits; tail uniformly white. Colour in preservative similar, dusky areas on ventral surface becoming more greyish brown and dark branchial region becoming more contrasted with pale ventral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A59FF24F8D026CE8CD0" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24F8D024938CF4" bold="true" box="[199,446,1897,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Skeletal morphology</emphasis>
. No dissections were carried out on this material. However, based on radiographs, the shape of the neurocranium is that of a ‘typical’ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE81A59FD49F83726F28CD0" authority="Manjaji, 2004" authorityName="Manjaji" authorityYear="2004" box="[682,991,1933,1958]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FD49F83726088CD3" box="[682,805,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Himantura</emphasis>
(Manjaji, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE81A58FF24F80821768BA2" blockId="16.[151,1437,493,2030]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE81A59FF24F80825D38CBC" bold="true" box="[199,254,1969,1994]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Size.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE81A59FEEAF80B246D8CBC" box="[265,320,1970,1994]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
specimens ranged in size from 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FD59F80B267E8CBF" box="[698,851,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="177.0" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="120.0">120–234 mm</quantity>
DW; one adolescent male was 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FB29F80820068CBF" box="[1226,1323,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="169.0">169 mm</quantity>
DW, one mature male was 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE81A59FEBCF86F24908C9B" box="[351,445,2006,2030]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="212.0">212 mm</quantity>
DW. White &amp; Dharmadi (2007) recorded 
<specimenCount id="9D44A7CEFFE81A59FC7CF86C216B8C98" box="[927,1094,2005,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">654 specimens</specimenCount>
during surveys of the Cilacap fish landing site between 92 and 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE91A58FDEBFF2127488BD9" box="[520,613,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="243.0">243 mm</quantity>
DW. They reported a size at maturity for males of 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE91A58FB41FF2E201A8BD9" box="[1186,1335,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.735" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="173.5" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="171.0">171–176 mm</quantity>
DW and one pregnant female of 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE91A58FE42FF0524D38BA2" box="[417,510,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="179.0">179 mm</quantity>
DW which contained a single embryo of 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE91A58FC32FF05210D8BA2" box="[977,1056,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
DW.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFE91A58FF24FF6621468AC6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FF24FF6621138A13" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF24FF66244D8B8E" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE91A58FD83FF5927B68B8E" box="[608,667,224,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">types</typeStatus>
collected from the Cilacap fish landing site in southern central Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FF74FEBD24298A6B" box="[151,260,260,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137970C2FFE91A58FEF6FEBD24478A6A" box="[277,362,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,594,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,594,1261]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Map of the Indo – Australian region showing the collection localities for the types of Dasyatis longicauda (black circle) and Himantura javaensis (black star)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285136/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Exact fishing grounds not known, but caught commonly by trammel net fishers operating in coastal waters in central Java and not caught further afield. Not observed at fish landing site surveys in western and eastern Java, or at Bali and Lombok, suggesting it has a very restricted distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FD24FE2721468AC6" blockId="17.[711,1131,412,432]" box="[711,1131,412,432]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD24FE27266B8AD9" box="[711,838,414,431]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fai">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD24FE27266B8AD9" box="[711,838,414,431]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura fai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FCAFFE25269C8AC6" box="[844,945,412,432]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398839" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398839</accessionNumber>
Lombok, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBEDFE2521468AC6" box="[1038,1131,412,432]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFE91A58FD81FE6224318FFE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FD81FE62210D8906" blockId="17.[600,1066,473,624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD81FE6226098A9A" box="[610,804,475,492]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD81FE6226098A9A" box="[610,804,475,492]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FCC9FE6026A28A9B" box="[810,911,473,493]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398858" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398858</accessionNumber>
Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FC2EFE6021078A9B" box="[973,1066,473,493]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FDBBFDB12634896F" box="[600,793,520,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FDBBFDB12634896F" box="[600,793,520,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FCFCFDBF26A9896C" box="[799,900,518,538]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398860" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398860</accessionNumber>
Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FC20FDBF210D896C" box="[963,1056,518,538]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FDBBFD8A26348932" box="[600,793,563,580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FDBBFD8A26348932" box="[600,793,563,580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FCFCFD8B26A98930" box="[799,900,562,582]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398861" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398861</accessionNumber>
Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FC20FD8B210D8930" box="[963,1056,562,582]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FDBBFDE726348919" box="[600,793,606,623]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FDBBFDE726348919" box="[600,793,606,623]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FCFCFDE526A98906" box="[799,900,604,624]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398859" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398859</accessionNumber>
Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FC20FDE5210D8906" box="[963,1056,604,624]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FD36FD26217D89AD" blockId="17.[725,1181,669,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD36FD26265889C6" box="[725,885,671,688]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD36FD26265889C6" box="[725,885,671,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC98FD2426CD89C7" box="[891,992,669,689]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398875" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398875</accessionNumber>
Jakarta, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBDBFD2421B889C7" box="[1080,1173,669,689]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD0CFD7026A289AD" box="[751,911,713,731]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD0CFD7026A289AD" box="[751,911,713,731]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC76FD7E26D189AD" box="[917,1020,711,731]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ955940" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">HQ955940</accessionNumber>
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBE1FD7E217D89AD" box="[1026,1104,711,731]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FD36FD4D21B088F6" blockId="17.[725,1181,669,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD36FD4D26588870" box="[725,885,756,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD36FD4D26588870" box="[725,885,756,774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC98FD4B26CD8870" box="[891,992,754,774]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398876" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398876</accessionNumber>
Jakarta, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBDBFD4B21B88870" box="[1080,1173,754,774]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD36FCA726588846" box="[725,885,798,816]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD36FCA726588846" box="[725,885,798,816]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC98FCA526CD8846" box="[891,992,796,816]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398872" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398872</accessionNumber>
Jakarta, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBDBFCA521B88846" box="[1080,1173,796,816]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD39FCFF2656882E" box="[730,891,838,856]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD39FCFF2656882E" box="[730,891,838,856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC63FCFD26C8882E" box="[896,997,836,856]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398873" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398873</accessionNumber>
Jakarta, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBDEFCFD21B7882E" box="[1085,1178,836,856]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD3EFCD7265088F6" box="[733,893,878,896]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD3EFCD7265088F6" box="[733,893,878,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC60FCD526C588F6" box="[899,1000,876,896]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU398874" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">EU398874</accessionNumber>
Jakarta, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBA3FCD521B088F6" box="[1088,1181,876,896]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FD36FC1821BC8F00" blockId="17.[725,1166,927,987]" lastBlockId="17.[246,1169,1040,1160]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD36FC18265888C4" box="[725,885,929,946]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD36FC18265888C4" box="[725,885,929,946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC98FC2626CF88C5" box="[891,994,927,947]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ956148" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">HQ956148</accessionNumber>
Sabah, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBD1FC2621AB88C5" box="[1074,1158,927,947]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD01FC7026AE88AC" box="[738,899,969,986]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD01FC7026AE88AC" box="[738,899,969,986]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC6BFC7E26C788AD" box="[904,1002,967,987]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF604912" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KF604912</accessionNumber>
Sabah, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBD9FC7E21A388AD" box="[1082,1166,967,987]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FCFCFBAB26F38F55" box="[799,990,1042,1059]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FCFCFBAB26F38F55" box="[799,990,1042,1059]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC07FBA921668F52" box="[996,1099,1040,1060]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GU673374" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">GU673374</accessionNumber>
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBB2FBA921AB8F52" box="[1105,1158,1040,1060]" name="Qatar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Qatar</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FCFCFB8226F38F3A" box="[799,990,1083,1100]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FCFCFB8226F38F3A" box="[799,990,1083,1100]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC07FB80216A8F3B" box="[996,1095,1081,1101]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF604917" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KF604917</accessionNumber>
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBAFFB8021A18F3B" box="[1100,1164,1081,1101]" name="Kuwait" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FCC7FBDD26C98F03" box="[804,996,1124,1141]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FCC7FBDD26C98F03" box="[804,996,1124,1141]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<accessionNumber id="9411F1A4FFE91A58FC0AFBDB21668F00" box="[1001,1099,1122,1142]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF604909" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KF604909</accessionNumber>
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FBB2FBDB21BC8F00" box="[1105,1169,1122,1142]" name="Kuwait" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FF15FBD624318FFE" blockId="17.[246,1169,1040,1160]" box="[246,284,1135,1160]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2%</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3D3CCFFFE91A58FF74FB6A21098E50" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FF74FB6A21098E50" blockId="17.[151,1436,1235,1318]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF74FB6A24328F9F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1235,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Neighbour-joining tree of nucleotide sequence divergence at the barcoding region of the COI gene following the Kimura two-parameter model (K2P) generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FBCCFB4B20298E71" box="[1071,1284,1266,1287]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FBCCFB4B20298E71" box="[1071,1284,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its closest congeners. Scale bar represents 2% K2P distance. GenBank accession numbers are listed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFE91A58FF24FAF424A38D48" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FF24FAF4269D8EFC" blockId="17.[151,1436,1357,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF24FAF424638E10" bold="true" box="[199,334,1357,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named with reference to the regional occurrence of this ray, off the coast of Java, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FACBFAF420B48E10" box="[1320,1433,1357,1382]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Presently considered to be locally abundant and endemic to the region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A58FF24FA2C24A38D48" blockId="17.[151,1436,1357,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF24FA2C24BF8ED8" bold="true" box="[199,402,1429,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Barcode results.</emphasis>
The 4 
<typeStatus id="54F9D2E5FFE91A58FDE2FA2F27408ED8" box="[513,621,1430,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD44FA2F261C8EDB" box="[679,817,1430,1453]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD44FA2F261C8EDB" box="[679,817,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with sequences available in the BOLD database (www.boldsystems.org) grouped closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FD6EFA03260C8EA4" box="[653,801,1466,1490]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FD6EFA03260C8EA4" box="[653,801,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Arabian Gulf and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FB97FA0321F68EA4" box="[1140,1243,1466,1490]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FB97FA0321F68EA4" box="[1140,1243,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FACBFA0020B58EA4" box="[1320,1432,1465,1490]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FF74FA6425DB8E80" box="[151,246,1501,1526]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FECCFA6424BB8E80" box="[303,406,1501,1526]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
using the CO1 marker (
<figureCitation id="137970C2FFE91A58FD4EFA64262E8E80" box="[685,771,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionText="FIGURE 12. Neighbour-joining tree of nucleotide sequence divergence at the barcoding region of the COI gene following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) for Himantura javaensis and its closest congeners. Scale bar represents 2 % K 2 P distance. GenBank accession numbers are listed." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The new species had an average sequence divergence of 13.4% (minimum interspecific divergence of 13.0%) from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FC83F9BB26DD8D6C" box="[864,1008,1538,1562]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FC83F9BB26DD8D6C" box="[864,1008,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 12.3% (minimum interspecific divergence of 11.7%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3583FCCFFE91A5BFF24F9F027F9896D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD6C47FFE91A5BFF24F9F027F9896D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1357,2030]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,539]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF24F9F024418D14" bold="true" box="[199,364,1609,1634]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FE9BF9F3274B8D17" box="[376,614,1610,1633]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FE9BF9F3274B8D17" box="[376,614,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of small, plain coloured, marine whiprays, with a distinctive oval-shaped disc and a long pointed snout, which includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FC4BF9D721B58DF3" box="[936,1176,1645,1669]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FC4BF9D721B58DF3" box="[936,1176,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FB2DF9D720B98DF3" box="[1230,1428,1645,1669]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FB2DF9D720B98DF3" box="[1230,1428,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FF36F92B24498DDC" box="[213,356,1682,1706]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF36F92B24498DDC" box="[213,356,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FE7FF92B272E8DDC" box="[412,515,1682,1706]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FE7FF92B272E8DDC" box="[412,515,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share a state uncommon in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FC53F92B21068DDF" box="[944,1067,1682,1705]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FC53F92B21068DDF" box="[944,1067,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a row of enlarged, spear-shaped thorns along the dorsal midline of the tail in adults. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FC7EF90F21048DBB" box="[925,1065,1718,1741]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FC7EF90F21048DBB" box="[925,1065,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such thorns are absent from the tail, which is either naked or with a very narrow row of small denticles similar to those of the secondary denticle band of the disc. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FEB5F94727188C63" box="[342,565,1790,1813]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensi">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FEB5F94727188C63" box="[342,565,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Himantura javaensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s has a very narrow known geographic range but its distribution overlaps with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FF74F89B242C8C4C" box="[151,257,1826,1850]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF74F89B242C8C4C" box="[151,257,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F3552CD7FFE91A58FEC8F89824B18C4C" box="[299,412,1825,1850]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. These species are superficially similar but differ in meristics and some aspects of their morphometry and squamation. Comparing these species, based on data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FC05F8FF21638C2B" box="[998,1102,1861,1885]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FC05F8FF21638C2B" box="[998,1102,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by Manjaji (2004), 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FF74F8D3240E8CF7" box="[151,291,1898,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FF74F8D3240E8CF7" box="[151,291,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more vertebrae (total segments excluding first synarcual centra 96–100 vs. 
<quantity id="4CBAC1A2FFE91A58FB55F8D020368CF4" box="[1206,1307,1897,1922]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="2.1336" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="90.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="84.0">84–96 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFE91A58FAC0F8D320A68CF4" box="[1315,1419,1898,1922]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFE91A58FAC0F8D320A68CF4" box="[1315,1419,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), generally a more brownish rather than greenish coloration, a longer tail (length 2.1–2.2 vs. 1.0–1.7 times DW), smaller eye (diameter 3.2–3.8% vs. 3.7–5.0% DW) and orbit (diameter 5.1–6.0% vs. 5.9–7.9% DW), a more posteriorly positioned sting (distance from pectoral-fin insertion to sting origin 34–39% vs. typically 20–32% DW), shorter adult claspers (post-cloacal length 18–19% vs. 22–23% DW), shorter pelvic fin (length 17.3–19.7% vs. 18.6–24.5% DW), shorter head (length 52.1–55.5% vs. 55.1–59.3% DW), shorter distance between the 5th gill slits (length 13.2–14.3% vs. 14.1–16.7% DW), and a mainly shorter nostril (length 3.3–3.9% vs. 3.5–5.2% DW) and nasal curtain (length 4.8–5.7% vs. 5.3–8.2% DW). The secondary denticle band appears to develop slightly earlier in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFEA1A5BFEE7FE9224A28A34" box="[260,399,299,322]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFEA1A5BFEE7FE9224A28A34" box="[260,399,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, apart from differences in the presence/absence of enlarged thorns on the tail, there are clear differences in squamation. For example, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFEA1A5BFD23FEE9260A8A11" box="[704,807,335,359]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walga">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFEA1A5BFD23FEE9260A8A11" box="[704,807,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. walga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the secondary denticles of the disc continue in a broad band along the dorsal surface of the pre-sting tail (either weakly represented or absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFEA1A5BFB9AFECA202E8AFC" box="[1145,1283,371,394]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javaensis">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFEA1A5BFB9AFECA202E8AFC" box="[1145,1283,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the denticle band is subrectangular above the abdomen in adults (rather than laterally expanded), and the naked part on the snout is relatively shorter (distance 50–60% vs. 94–98% of horizontal snout length). The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4217C4FFEA1A5BFAE0FE0220538AA4" box="[1283,1406,443,466]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936B055FFEA1A5BFAE0FE0220538AA4" box="[1283,1406,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently under revision by the first author and Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, and this work will evaluate the supraspecific status of taxa and provide a key to species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>