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<document id="E89DCA2BF0294AE4D2496ED3D5B881E8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab6bc6da-6d6f-43a8-816f-21c7dee6a306" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244441" ID-ZooBank="E9350BA0-885F-4256-81E0-5D0B03CB2A87" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461074176589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Koch, Claudia, Venegas, Pablo J. &amp; Böhme, Wolfgang" docDate="2015" docId="03D887820175FFC16798F9947657F881" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03964p244.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epictia vanwallachi Koch, Venegas &amp; Böhme, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="235" masterDocId="FFE1FFFA0170FFC6670FFFA27747FFCC" masterDocTitle="Three new endemic species of Epictia Gray, 1845 (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) from the dry forest of northwestern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="228" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1698585834179" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7EC4275A8D1C5F2A0F61382726071429">Three new endemic species of Epictia Gray, 1845 (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) from the dry forest of northwestern Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85BE588DE0271D2FE30C462B65983979">Koch, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BC87F6B652ADAD1901C3C800E279D0">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31A2CB77C6CEFC5F135AFF575AEB9BA4">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7CBA039F392B2FCC6557B0C700061E69">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="837CB3FE044706E824761BC378F74988">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D887820175FFC16798F9947657F881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887820175FFC16798F9947657F881" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887820175FFC16798F9947657F881" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0175FFC36798F9947622F9BD" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940175FFC36798F99476ABF99C" blockId="5.[151,492,1590,1650]" box="[151,492,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<heading id="D08681F80175FFC36798F99476ABF99C" bold="true" box="[151,492,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC36798F99476ABF99C" bold="true" box="[151,492,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170175FFC36798F99476CFF99C" box="[151,392,1590,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanwallachi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC36798F99476CFF99C" bold="true" box="[151,392,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Epictia vanwallachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657FD0175FFC36681F99476ABF99C" box="[398,492,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940175FFC36798F9FB7622F9BD" blockId="5.[151,492,1590,1650]" box="[151,357,1625,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
(
<figureCitation id="134A2A110175FFC36791F9FB764EF9BD" box="[158,265,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,876,898]" captionTargetBox="[162,1414,205,852]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,193,854]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of head of Holotype of Epictia septemlineata sp. nov. (CORBIDI 14683); Lateral (D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views of head of Holotype of Epictia vanwallachi sp. nov. (CORBIDI 14682); Lateral (G), dorsal (H) and ventral (I) views of head of Paratype of Epictia antoniogarciai sp. nov. (ZFMK 90934)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244443/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Figures 2</figureCitation>
DF, 4)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0175FFC36798F9037270F912" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940175FFC36798F9037270F912" blockId="5.[151,1436,1697,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<typeStatus id="54CA88360175FFC36798F9037643F976" box="[151,260,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC36798F9037643F976" bold="true" box="[151,260,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED60AE510175FFC36619F90376CEF975" box="[278,393,1697,1721]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
14682, from Vijus Village, Pataz Province, La Libertad Region,
<collectingCountry id="F36676040175FFC3638DF90073F2F975" box="[1154,1205,1698,1721]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4550530175FFC363C6F9037234F976" box="[1225,1395,1697,1722]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="-7.7198887">S 07°4311.6</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4550530175FFC3628DF9007672F912" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="-77.66419">W 077°3951.1</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C899B710175FFC3664EF96476DAF912" box="[321,413,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="1290.0">1290 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.), collected by E. Hoyas Granda, A. Beraún and C. Koch on
<date id="FFCF10540175FFC36379F9647274F912" box="[1142,1331,1734,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" value="2010-01-10">10 January 2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0175FFC067C8F94B74F4FE39" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940175FFC367C8F94B767AF85E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1697,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC367C8F94B767DF8CE" bold="true" box="[199,314,1769,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. (1) 14 midbody scale rows; (2) 10 midtail scale rows; (3) 2 supralabials, first large and in broad contact with supraocular; (4) 16 subcaudals; (5) 188 mid-dorsal scale rows; (6) dorsal scales of head, body and tail brown with thin white or yellowish margins; (7) rostral uniformly grayish-brown; (8) terminal spine dorsally and ventrally and last three subcaudals yellow; (9) ventral scales of head, body and tail grayish-brown with creamishwhite margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940175FFC067C8F83F74F4FE39" blockId="5.[151,1436,1697,2010]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC367C8F83F7622F87A" bold="true" box="[199,357,1949,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Comparisons</emphasis>
[conditions for other
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170175FFC36556F83C75EDF879" box="[601,682,1950,1973]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC36556F83C75EDF879" box="[601,682,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">Epictia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in brackets]: By having 188 mid-dorsal scales, the new species has a higher number than
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170175FFC3669CF860754EF816" box="[403,521,1985,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC3669CF860754EF816" box="[403,521,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">E. collaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[155166] and a lower number than
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170175FFC364BAF8607309F816" box="[949,1102,1985,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albipuncta">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC364BAF8607309F816" box="[949,1102,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">E. albipuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[213285],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170175FFC363D5F86072DBF816" box="[1242,1436,1985,2010]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredschmidti">
<emphasis id="B905EA860175FFC363D5F86072DBF816" box="[1242,1436,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="233">E. alfredschmidti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[267279],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06616FF3B7682FF7C" box="[281,453,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borapeliotes">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06616FF3B7682FF7C" box="[281,453,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. borapeliotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[256282],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06541FF3B7580FF7C" box="[590,711,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="columbi">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06541FF3B7580FF7C" box="[590,711,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. columbi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[240265],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0645EFF3B749DFF7C" box="[849,986,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diaplocia">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0645EFF3B749DFF7C" box="[849,986,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. diaplocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[205233],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0636CFF3B73BDFF7C" box="[1123,1274,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcrotilla">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0636CFF3B73BDFF7C" box="[1123,1274,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. subcrotilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[318333],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0628BFF3B7644FF19" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanura">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0628BFF3B7644FF19" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. melanura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[395396],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06685FF1F7556FF19" box="[394,529,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufidorsa">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06685FF1F7556FF19" box="[394,529,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. rufidorsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[255270],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06596FF1F7413FF19" box="[665,852,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septemlineata">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06596FF1F7413FF19" box="[665,852,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. septemlineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[257],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC064ABFF1F7366FF19" box="[932,1057,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatula">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC064ABFF1F7366FF19" box="[932,1057,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. striatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[216265],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC063A6FF1F725DFF18" box="[1193,1306,189,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teaguei">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC063A6FF1F725DFF18" box="[1193,1306,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. teaguei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[232259],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06798FF437642FF34" box="[151,261,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06798FF437642FF34" box="[151,261,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[198299],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0669EFF437553FF34" box="[401,532,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tesselata">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0669EFF437553FF34" box="[401,532,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. tesselata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[258283] and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC065C3FF437405FF34" box="[716,834,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC065C3FF437405FF34" box="[716,834,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[285310]. By having 16 subcaudal scales it further differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0662BFEA776DAFED1" box="[292,413,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="columbi">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0662BFEA776DAFED1" box="[292,413,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. columbi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[2225],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06503FEA775D1FED1" box="[524,662,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanura">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06503FEA775D1FED1" box="[524,662,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. melanura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[1820],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0640BFEA77430FED0" box="[772,887,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munoai">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0640BFEA77430FED0" box="[772,887,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. munoai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[1014],
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC064EAFEA77313FED1" box="[997,1108,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasalis">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC064EAFEA77313FED1" box="[997,1108,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. nasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[21] and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC063CFFEA77272FED1" box="[1216,1333,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC063CFFEA77272FED1" box="[1216,1333,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[1823]. By lacking a yellow dorsal blotch on the anterior region of the head this species differs from
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC063ADFE8B7231FE44" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC063ADFE8B72DFFE8C" box="[1186,1432,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septemlineata">Epictia septemlineata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06798FEEF7619FEA9" box="[151,350,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredschmidti">E. alfredschmidti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06663FEEF7559FEA9" box="[364,542,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borapeliotes">E. borapeliotes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06522FEEF7595FEA9" box="[557,722,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clinorostris">E. clinorostris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC065EEFEEF741BFEA9" box="[737,860,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">E. collaris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06464FEEF74BDFEA9" box="[875,1018,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diaplocia">E. diaplocia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06306FEEF73CBFEA9" box="[1033,1164,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goudotii">E. goudotii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06394FEEF7232FEA9" box="[1179,1397,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnamaculata">E. magnamaculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0628BFEEF77AEFE44" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasalis">E. nasalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC067FBFED376C0FE44" box="[244,391,369,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">E. peruviana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0669CFED37506FE44" box="[403,577,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">E. rubrolineata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06543FED37587FE44" box="[588,704,369,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signata">E. signata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC065C4FED3740BFE44" box="[715,844,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatula">E. striatula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06458FED374B6FE44" box="[855,1009,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcrotilla">E. subcrotilla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC064F2FED37336FE44" box="[1021,1137,369,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teaguei">E. teaguei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06373FED373ADFE44" box="[1148,1258,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenella">E. tenella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC063FAFED37231FE44" box="[1269,1398,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tesselata">E. tesselata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0628BFED3768FFE61" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0628BFED377ABFE61" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">E. tricolor</taxonomicName>
, E,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC0662FFE36768FFE61" box="[288,456,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undecimstriata">undecimstriata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06507FE3775C5FE61" box="[520,642,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vellardi">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06507FE3775C5FE61" box="[520,642,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. vellardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It further differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC064AEFE377326FE61" box="[929,1121,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septemlineata">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC064AEFE377326FE61" box="[929,1121,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. septemlineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[dorsum with seven black longitudinal stripes] and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC066BCFE1B7526FE1C" box="[435,609,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC066BCFE1B7526FE1C" box="[435,609,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">E. rubrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[dorsum red with 5 longitudinal black stripes] by having a color pattern with grayish-brown dorsal scales with thin white or yellowish margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0E661C0176FFC06798F9DA74CFF961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244445/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" targetBox="[257,1329,553,1634]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940176FFC06798F9DA74CFF961" blockId="6.[151,1436,1656,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06798F9DA7649F942" bold="true" box="[151,270,1656,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170176FFC06690F9DB752BF942" box="[415,620,1656,1678]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanwallachi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC06690F9DB752BF942" box="[415,620,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">Epictia vanwallachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657FD0176FFC0657BF9DA7582F942" box="[628,709,1656,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC0657BF9DA7582F942" bold="true" box="[628,709,1656,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CORBIDI 14682). Dorsal view in life (A); Detail of dorsal aspect of head and tail in life (B); Detail of ventral aspect of tail in preservative (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0176FFC167C8F97B75D3F9C4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940176FFC067C8F97B7413F806" blockId="6.[151,1437,1753,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="B905EA860176FFC067C8F97B769AF93E" bold="true" box="[199,477,1753,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54CA88360176FFC06678F97B769AF93E" box="[375,477,1753,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: An adult specimen with SVL of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06457F97874ECF93D" box="[856,939,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
; TAL of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC0631FF978732EF93D" box="[1040,1129,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
; MB of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC063CAF9787259F93D" box="[1221,1310,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
; MT of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06276F9787781F8D9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
; TL/TAL of 13.2; TL/MB of 36.9; HW of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06592F95F75B1F8D9" box="[669,758,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; HH of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06442F95C74E2F8D9" box="[845,933,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
; HL of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC064F6F95F7315F8D9" box="[1017,1106,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; DSN of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC063B6F95C7256F8D9" box="[1209,1297,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; DNE of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06276F95F7781F8F5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
; ED of
<quantity id="4C899B710176FFC06615F8807635F8F5" box="[282,370,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
. Head subcylindrical, slightly depressed dorsoventrally, hardly distinguishable from neck; body cylindrical; slightly tapered cranially and caudally. Snout slightly sloped in lateral view, rounded in ventral view. Rostral visible in dorsal view, about 1.4 times longer than wide, almost squared ventrally, triangular dorsally with dorsal termination (apex) acute, almost reaching the imaginary transverse line between the anterior borders of eyes, contacting upper and lower nasal laterally and frontal dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940176FFC167C8F87772DAFB9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1753,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="6" pageNumber="234">Nasal completely divided horizontally by a suture slightly oblique, reaching rostral and first supralabial; ellipsoid nostril located in the center of the suture and having the major axis oriented along the suture; supranasal about 1.5 times higher than wide and about 1.3 times higher than infranasal, contacting infranasal ventrally, first supralabial and supraocular posteriorly, and frontal dorsally; infranasal slightly higher than wide, about 1.7 times wider than anterior supralabial, contacting first supralabial posteriorly; two supralabial scales, first positioned anteriorly and second posteriorly to ocular scale (1+1); upper lip border formed by rostral, infranasal, anterior supralabial, ocular and posterior supralabial; first supralabial about three times higher than wide, exceeding nostril, almost reaching central level of eye, in contact with supraocular scale dorsally and ocular posteriorly; ocular scale pentagonal with dorsal apex acuminate, 1.4 times higher than wide, contacting supraocular anterodorsally, parietal posterodorsally and second supralabial posteriorly; eye located slightly above level of maximum width of ocular and with lower eye margin at nostril level, positioned anteriorly without contacting scale sutures; eyes entirely visible in dorsal view; second supralabial triangular, about as wide as high, reaching central level of eye, as high as anterior supralabial, 3.3 times wider than anterior supralabial at widest point; posterior margin of second supralabial in broad contact with temporal and in contact with first ventrolateral scale; dorsal margin of second supralabial in contact with parietal; temporal scale of same size as dorsal scales of lateral rows; supraocular scale almost spindle-shaped, oriented oblique, 2.5 times longer than wide, contacting parietal posteriorly, and frontal and postfrontal dorsally; supraocular, parietal and occipital scales visible in lateral view; mid-dorsal head plates (frontal, postfrontal, interparietal and interoccipital) only marginally imbricate, not decreasing in size posteriorly, hexagonal in dorsal view, except for pentagonal frontal, slightly higher but of same width than posterior mid-dorsal scales; frontal contacting postfrontal posteriorly; postfrontal contacting supraoculars anteriorly, parietals and interparietal posteriorly; interparietal contacting parietals and occipitals laterally, and interoccipital posteriorly; interoccipital contacting occipitals laterally, and nuchal and first pair of paravertebral dorsal scales posteriorly; parietal about 2.4 times higher than wide, marginally larger than occipital, both almost ovoid, oriented slightly oblique; lower margin of parietal contacting upper border temporal, posterior margin in broad contact with occipital; lower margin of occipital contacting temporal and first lateral body scale, posterior margin in broad contact with first paravertebral and first dorsolateral body scales; six infralabials per side, subequal in size; mental scale bell-shaped, excluded from infralabial border by the first two pairs of infralabial scales; first pair of infralabials triangular, distinctly larger than other infralabials; chin, gular, and dorsal and lateral head scales porous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8FBC67541FAC1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Dorsal scales slightly imbricate, smooth, homogeneous, rhomboid in shape, about 1.6 times wider than long; 188 MDS; 141414 D; 171 V; 10 TS; Anal plate large, twice as wide as long, almost triangular in shape, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by five rows of scales; 16 SC, becoming smaller distally; each of last four scales on the dorsal surface of the tail fused with adjacent dorsolateral scales; terminal spine conical and strongly pointed, with stout base about as wide as long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8FAB57677FA51" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC167C8FAB576ABFAFC" bold="true" box="[199,492,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
Color of
<typeStatus id="54CA88360177FFC16639FAB576DAFAFC" box="[310,413,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life
</emphasis>
: Rostral uniformly grayish-brown; dorsal scales from head, body, and tail brown; ventral scales from head, body and tail grayish-brown; both dorsal and ventral scales of head body and tail with thin creamish-white margins; terminal spine and last three subcaudals yellow, strongly mottled with brown dorsally and ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8FA0575D3F9C4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC167C8FA05752FFA0C" bold="true" box="[199,616,1447,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
Color of
<typeStatus id="54CA88360177FFC16632FA0576E3FA0C" box="[317,420,1447,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative
</emphasis>
: Rostral gray; dorsal scales from head and body brown with cream margins, yellow regions of terminal portion of tail changed to whitish cream; ventral surface of head, body and tail changed to sandy brown with cream margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0177FFC167C8F9B67308F99C" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8F9B67308F99C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC167C8F9B67601F9E1" bold="true" box="[199,326,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species name is a patronym for Van Wallach, American herpetologist, in recognition of his outstanding contributions towards systematics of the snake family
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170177FFC1648EF995730DF99C" box="[897,1098,1591,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0177FFC167C8F9FE76C7F92C" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8F9FE75F1F954" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC167C8F9FE7502F9B9" bold="true" box="[199,581,1628,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170177FFC1655DF9FF7475F9B9" box="[594,818,1628,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanwallachi">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC1655DF9FF7475F9B9" box="[594,818,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Epictia vanwallachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54CA88360177FFC1634CF9FF7334F9B9" box="[1091,1139,1629,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">type</typeStatus>
locality in the interandean part of the Equatorial Dry Forest (
<figureCitation id="134A2A110177FFC1651BF9DD7525F954" box="[532,610,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,195,1159]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitat of Epictia vanwallachi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A110177FFC16597F92275EFF954" box="[664,680,1664,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,458,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,447,1494]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type localities of Epictia septemlineata sp. nov. (Red star), Epictia vanwallachi sp. nov. (Green star), Epictia antoniogarciai sp. nov. (Yellow star) and locality of paratypes of Epictia antoniogarciai sp. nov. (Yellow dot) in the Northern Peruvian Andes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8F90676C7F92C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
The specimen was collected under a stone on
<date id="FFCF10540177FFC165C4F90674C2F970" box="[715,901,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" value="2010-01-10">10 January 2010</date>
at 9:55 pm, with air temperature of 25.8°C and air humidity of 60%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651F0177FFC167C8F94E7657F881" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCE36940177FFC167C8F94E7657F881" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC167C8F94E7673F8C9" bold="true" box="[199,308,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species does not have striped pattern and multiple colors as mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B650177FFC163CEF94E77A6F8E4" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" refString="Adalsteinsson, S. A., Branch, W. R., Trape, S., Vitt, L. J. &amp; Hedges, S. B. (2009) Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa, 2244, 1 - 50." type="journal article">Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
as diagnostic characters for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C714D170177FFC165CAF8B37451F8E4" box="[709,790,1809,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA860177FFC165CAF8B37451F8E4" box="[709,790,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="235">Epictia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it shares all other diagnostic characters with its congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>