treatments-xml/data/03/CC/4C/03CC4C2F8A74FFABFE10F9FDFD8AF9D1.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1038/s41598-022-10047-9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="511e61d0-c5f9-4952-b270-bfe31f64e7f6" ID-PMC="PMC8993915" ID-PubMed="35396496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6987323" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1660334979423" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schär, Sämi, Talavera, Gerard, Rana, Jignasha D., Espadaler, Xavier, Cover, Stefan P., Shattuck, Steven O. &amp; Vila, Roger" docDate="2022" docId="03CC4C2F8A74FFABFE10F9FDFD8AF9D1" docLanguage="en" docName="SciRep.12.5970.1-12.pdf" docOrigin="Scientific Reports (5970) 12 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10047-9" docTitle="Lasius ponderosae Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFF534578A76FFAEFFB0FFC1FFFAFFB1" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1668144188908" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schär, Sämi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">saemi.schaer@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talavera, Gerard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s / n, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rana, Jignasha D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22 nd Street, NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Espadaler, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CREAF and Unitat d’Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cover, Stefan P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shattuck, Steven O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vila, Roger</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>5970</mods:title>
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<mods:number>2022-04-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987161" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199013458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6987161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC4C2F8A74FFABFE10F9FDFD8AF9D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC4C2F8A74FFABFE10F9FDFD8AF9D1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection box="[416,889,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" box="[416,889,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<heading box="[416,889,1596,1620]" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,889,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
Description of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[584,793,1596,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[584,793,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[799,889,1596,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authority="Schar, Talavera, Rana, Espadaler, Cover, Shattuck and Vila. ZooBank LSID" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae">
<emphasis box="[915,1088,1597,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
Schär, Talavera, Rana, Espadaler, Cover, Shattuck and Vila. ZooBank LSID
</taxonomicName>
: 
<uri box="[751,1428,1624,1646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<uuid box="[982,1428,1624,1646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">22E2743A-2F1C-4870-B318-A1F2DF2B464C</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[448,549,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName box="[561,668,1650,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae">
<emphasis box="[561,668,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alludes to the ponderosa pine tree (
<taxonomicName box="[1022,1180,1650,1672]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis box="[1022,1180,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Pinus ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that is at the centre of occurrence in the ponderosa pine—gambel oak communities in the western Rocky Mountains and northern 
<collectingRegion box="[1395,1475,1677,1699]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[448,576,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Type material</emphasis>
: located at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 
<collectingCountry box="[1164,1212,1704,1725]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
. Two 
<typeStatus box="[1266,1349,1704,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">paratype</typeStatus>
workers each will be deposited at the collections of University of 
<collectingRegion box="[897,994,1730,1752]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">California</collectingRegion>
Davis (
<collectionCode box="[1065,1137,1730,1752]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
), the University of 
<collectingRegion box="[1316,1364,1730,1752]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Utah</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[1375,1431,1730,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">JTLC</collectionCode>
) and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (
<collectionCode box="[931,1004,1757,1779]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886976302" collectingDate="2013-07-15" collectionCode="SPC" collectorName="S. P. Cover" country="United States of America" county="Uintah Co." determinerName="J. D. Rana" elevation="2408" latitude="40.66378" location="Uintah Mtns." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.47918" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="SPC 8571" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" stateProvince="Utah" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis box="[448,533,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus box="[448,533,1784,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount box="[544,613,1784,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
, 
<figureCitation box="[622,711,1784,1806]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-440@5.[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3a–c</figureCitation>
. Type locality: 
<collectingCountry box="[854,902,1784,1805]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[911,962,1784,1806]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Utah</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty box="[970,1078,1784,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Uintah Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC4C2F8A74FFABFE10F9FDFD8AF9D1:8EBAABE28A74FFACFB8FF939FB38F8BC" box="[1087,1218,1784,1806]" country="United States of America" county="Uintah Co." latitude="40.66378" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.47918" name="Uintah Mtns." pageId="2" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Utah">Uintah Mtns.</location>
, 
<quantity box="[1226,1300,1784,1805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.408" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2408.0">
<elevation box="[1226,1300,1784,1805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.408" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2408.0">2408 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. 
<locationDeviation bearing="0.0" box="[1308,1406,1784,1806]" distance="29933.798399999996" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<quantity box="[1308,1380,1784,1806]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.99337984" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="mi" value="18.6">18.6 mi</quantity>
N
</locationDeviation>
. Jct. Rt. 40 on Rt. 191, 
<geoCoordinate box="[557,673,1810,1832]" degrees="40.66378" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="40.66378">40.66378°N</geoCoordinate>
, − 
<geoCoordinate box="[700,823,1810,1831]" degrees="109.47918" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="109.47918">109.47918°E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. 
<date box="[872,989,1810,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" value="2013-07-15">
<collectingDate box="[872,989,1810,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" value="2013-07-15">15.VII.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[999,1105,1810,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">S. P. Cover</collectorName>
; 
<determinerName box="[1116,1215,1811,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">J. D. Rana</determinerName>
, collection code 
<specimenCode box="[1379,1475,1810,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">SPC 8571</specimenCode>
. Measurements [mm]: HL: 0.899, HW: 0.823, SL: 0.821, EL: 0.239, EW: 0.189, ProW: 0.56, ML: 1.069, HTL: 0.863, CI: 92, SI: 100.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1479,1596,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886976301" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[448,541,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus box="[448,541,1891,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount box="[553,663,1890,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="worker">15 workers</specimenCount>
, two gynes (
<figureCitation box="[786,875,1890,1912]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-440@5.[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3d–f</figureCitation>
), 
<specimenCount box="[898,997,1890,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation box="[1010,1100,1890,1912]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-440@5.[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[1055,1079,1890,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
–i
</figureCitation>
) from the same series as the 
<typeStatus box="[1386,1474,1890,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">holotype</typeStatus>
, morphometric data is given in the Appendix, Table 
<collectionCode box="[924,936,1917,1939]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
5 and Table 
<collectionCode box="[1055,1068,1917,1939]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
6. 
<collectionCode box="[1090,1128,1917,1938]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13662" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">CO</collectionCode>
1 mitotype h17: Genbank Accession no. 
<accessionNumber box="[451,547,1943,1965]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LT977508" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<collectionCode box="[451,479,1943,1965]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
977508
</accessionNumber>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6987325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" startId="3.[416,481,1429,1451]" targetBox="[191,1477,135,1398]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[416,1457,1429,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,505,1429,1451]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Molecular phylogeny of 26 Holarctic ant taxa belonging to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Wilson (1955)" authorityName="sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1202,1261,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Lasius</emphasis>
sensu Wilson (1955)
</taxonomicName>
and two outgroup taxa (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[711,823,1456,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
<emphasis box="[711,823,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">L. pallitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[870,958,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">
<emphasis box="[870,958,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">L. mixtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The phylogeny was calculated under the coalescent model and incorporates data from 9 genes (mtDNA: COI, COII, 16S, nuDNA: Defensin, H3, LR, Wg, Top1 &amp; 28S). Names of species native to the Nearctic are shown in red and those of species native to the Palearctic in blue. Node labels show posterior probability (Bayesian inference) followed by bootstrap support (Maximum likelihood). The scale bar indicates the length of 0.01 substitutions/site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="3.[416,1479,1637,1952]" lastBlockId="4.[416,1479,1602,1971]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis box="[448,743,1637,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Description of the worker caste:</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[749,766,1637,1658]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
member of a complex of cryptic species resembling 
<taxonomicName box="[1270,1342,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis box="[1270,1342,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">L. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Intermediate in overall body size, antennal scape length and eye size and comparable to related species (
<tableCitation box="[1297,1369,1664,1686]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[415,469,945,966]" captionTargetId="graphics-632@6.[416,1232,135,915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. and comparison to morphologically similar Palearctic species. For a definition of variables see Table S3, Fig. S1. These measurements were originally defined by Ref.26. 1Median [Range]; n (%). 2Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Terminal segment of maxillary palps and torulo-clypeal distance relative to head size shorter than in related Palearctic species (
<tableCitation box="[495,566,1717,1739]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[415,469,945,966]" captionTargetId="graphics-632@6.[416,1232,135,915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. and comparison to morphologically similar Palearctic species. For a definition of variables see Table S3, Fig. S1. These measurements were originally defined by Ref.26. 1Median [Range]; n (%). 2Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Mandibles with 8 or rarely 7 or 9 regular denticles and lacking offset teeth at their basal angle. Penultimate and terminal basal mandibular teeth of subequal size, and the gap in between with subequal area than the basal tooth. Anterior margin of clypeus evenly rounded. Dorsofrontal profile of pronotum slightly angular (
<figureCitation box="[501,569,1797,1819]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[417,482,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,136,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-465@7.[193,1478,135,1085]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n=35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n=30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
). Propodeal dome short and flat, usually lower than mesonotum (
<figureCitation box="[1197,1265,1797,1819]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[417,482,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,136,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-465@7.[193,1478,135,1085]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n=35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n=30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
). Body with abundant and long pilosity, especially lateral propodeum, genae, hind margin and underside of head. Pilosity of tibiae and antennal scapes variable, ranging from almost no setae (&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="&quot; sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[955,1045,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis box="[955,1045,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">L. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;-like phenotype) to very hairy (&quot; 
<taxonomicName box="[1357,1427,1851,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis box="[1357,1427,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">L. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;-like phenotype). Microscopic pubescent hairs on forehead between frontal carinae long and fine. Clypeus typically with only few scattered pubescent hairs (
<figureCitation box="[804,868,1904,1926]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-440@5.[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[878,902,1904,1925]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[417,482,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,136,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-465@7.[193,1478,135,1085]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n=35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n=30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">4c</figureCitation>
). Coloration of body dark brown, occasionally yellowish- or reddish-brown or slightly bicolored with head and thorax lighter than abdomen. Femora and antennal scapes brown. Mandibles and distal parts of legs yellowish to dark brown. Specimens of all 3 castes are shown in 
<figureCitation box="[1397,1478,1602,1624]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-440@5.[193,1478,135,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3a–i</figureCitation>
and morphometric data are summarized in 
<tableCitation box="[837,906,1629,1651]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[415,469,945,966]" captionTargetId="graphics-632@6.[416,1232,135,915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. and comparison to morphologically similar Palearctic species. For a definition of variables see Table S3, Fig. S1. These measurements were originally defined by Ref.26. 1Median [Range]; n (%). 2Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF1AADB18A70FFA8FE2FFC70FB21FC4A">Table 1</tableCitation>
and raw measurements are available in Table 
<collectionCode box="[1345,1357,1629,1651]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
5 and 
<collectionCode box="[1415,1428,1629,1651]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6987327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" startId="4.[416,481,1451,1473]" targetBox="[230,1466,168,1380]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1469,1451,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,504,1451,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 DNA-barcodes belonging to 7 mitotypes of the ant 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue, n= 70) and 15 mitotypes of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[788,917,1478,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[788,917,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[922,993,1479,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(red, n = 28). The red dashed line delimits the expected natural range of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[661,789,1505,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[661,789,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[794,865,1505,1526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<bibRefCitation author="Available" box="[864,879,1502,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9295" refString="53. AntWeb. Available from http: // www. antweb. org. (2022)." type="url" year="2022">
<superScript attach="left" box="[864,879,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">53</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
Maps have been created using the free R-package “ggmap” v3.0.0 (https://github.com/dkahle/ggmap) in R v4.1.1. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1479,1602,1971]" lastBlockId="5.[416,1478,1237,1632]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis box="[448,727,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">
Diagnosis: 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[553,727,1656,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">Lasius ponderosae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[733,807,1656,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
workers key out to &quot; 
<taxonomicName box="[1008,1081,1656,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis box="[1008,1081,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; using Wilson’s 1955 key to the Nearctic 
<taxonomicName box="[416,555,1682,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[416,476,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
However, some populations with reduced pilosity may also be identified as &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="&quot; sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1282,1372,1682,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis box="[1282,1372,1682,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; using this key. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="&quot; sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[457,587,1709,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis box="[457,587,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Eurasian species not known from North America 
<bibRefCitation author="Schar, S." box="[1092,1107,1706,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" pagination="1917 - 1928" refId="ref8462" refString="33. Schar, S. et al. Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. J. Biogeogr. 45, 1917 - 1928 (2018)." type="journal article" year="2018">
<superScript attach="left" box="[1092,1107,1706,1720]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">33</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
. The Nearctic &quot; 
<taxonomicName authority="&quot; sensu Wilson (1955)" authorityName="&quot; sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis box="[1250,1339,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. alienus</emphasis>
&quot; sensu Wilson (1955)
</taxonomicName>
includes both, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[632,768,1736,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis box="[632,768,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as populations of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[1021,1154,1736,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1021,1154,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1160,1235,1736,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with sparse setae counts on tibia and/or scapes. 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[642,815,1762,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[642,815,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[822,895,1763,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1161,1295,1763,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis box="[1161,1295,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of abundant, long setae surpassing the sides of the head in full face view (nGen&gt; 5 and nOcc&gt; 10 vs. nGen &lt;5 and nOcc &lt;
<quantity box="[488,537,1816,1838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[544,680,1816,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis box="[544,680,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Distinguishing 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[851,1026,1816,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[851,1026,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1032,1106,1816,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from related Eurasian species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1991" box="[496,631,1842,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platythorax">
<emphasis box="[496,631,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. platythorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by subjective eye inspection is difficult because there are no easily visible morphological traits allowing a separation of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[747,922,1869,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[747,922,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[928,1002,1870,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from all these taxa. 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[1201,1377,1869,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1201,1377,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1383,1457,1870,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is therefore a cryptic species. For 
<emphasis box="[717,794,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName box="[717,790,1896,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">L. niger</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
introduced to North America, nest samples can ofen be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[469,600,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[469,600,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[605,677,1923,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
using the average mesosoma profile (
<figureCitation box="[1036,1120,1922,1944]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[417,482,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,136,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-465@7.[193,1478,135,1085]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n=35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n=30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a,b</figureCitation>
) and by fewer pubescent hairs on the clypeus (
<figureCitation box="[501,589,1949,1971]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[417,482,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[193,1478,136,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-465@7.[193,1478,135,1085]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n=35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n=30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4c,d</figureCitation>
). 
<collectionCode box="[606,623,1949,1970]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
distinction between single workers of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1132,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1000,1132,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1138,1212,1950,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<emphasis box="[1260,1477,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName box="[1260,1332,1950,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">L. niger</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1343,1477,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platythorax">L. platythorax</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and related Palearctic species can be achieved by calculating the following discriminant function with measurements taken in mm:
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6987329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987329/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" startId="5.[416,481,1130,1152]" targetBox="[193,1478,135,1099]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1445,1130,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,504,1130,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1044,1077,1130,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">a–c</emphasis>
), a paratype gyne (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1259,1292,1130,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">d–f</emphasis>
) and a paratype male of 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[491,661,1156,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[491,661,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Lasius ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[665,737,1157,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,780,1156,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">g–i</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1478,1237,1632]" box="[448,1167,1290,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis box="[448,465,1291,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
= − 43.792* 
<collectionCode box="[580,646,1291,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">GUHL</collectionCode>
+ 113.436*dCLAN + 75.68* 
<collectionCode box="[911,946,1290,1312]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="5" pageNumber="12">MP</collectionCode>
6 − 0.431*nSt − 10.075.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1478,1237,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
Negative values of 
<emphasis box="[633,650,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
indicate 
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[742,875,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[742,875,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[882,957,1318,1339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName authority="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila, 2022" authorityName="Schär &amp; Talavera &amp; Rana &amp; Espadaler &amp; Cover &amp; Shattuck &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[971,1104,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponderosae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[971,1104,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. ponderosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1111,1187,1318,1339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n = 39, median, range: − 3.18 [− 5.83, − 0.43]; 
<emphasis box="[568,1008,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName box="[568,639,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">L. niger</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1991" box="[648,782,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platythorax">L. platythorax</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[791,887,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">L. grandis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1941" box="[895,1008,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">L. japonicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1054,1155,1344,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis box="[1054,1155,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, n = 49, median, range: 2.67 [0.18, 4.61]). 
<collectionCode box="[485,502,1371,1392]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
principal component analysis plot for the four most diagnostic variables (
<collectionCode box="[1220,1290,1371,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">GUHL</collectionCode>
, dCLAN, 
<collectionCode box="[1389,1425,1370,1392]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="5" pageNumber="12">MP</collectionCode>
6 and nSt) is shown in 
<figureCitation box="[579,634,1397,1419]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[416,481,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[344,1463,135,937]" captionTargetId="graphics-31@8.[420,1166,133,882]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 most diagnostic morphometric variables (GUHL, dCLAN, MP6 and nSt) to distinguish individual specimens of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (n=39) from those belonging to morphologically similar-looking Palearctic species (n=49). For a definition of variables see Supplementary Table S3 and Fig. S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987333/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
. For a definition of the variables used in the function, see Supplementary Table 
<collectionCode box="[1413,1424,1397,1418]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
4 and Supplementary 
<figureCitation box="[568,635,1424,1446]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[416,481,1429,1451]" captionTargetBox="[191,1477,135,1398]" captionTargetId="graphics-241@3.[193,1141,144,1391]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of 26 Holarctic ant taxa belonging to the subgenus Lasius sensu Wilson (1955) and two outgroup taxa (L. pallitarsis and L. mixtus). The phylogeny was calculated under the coalescent model and incorporates data from 9 genes (mtDNA: COI, COII, 16S, nuDNA: Defensin, H3, LR, Wg, Top1 &amp; 28S). Names of species native to the Nearctic are shown in red and those of species native to the Palearctic in blue. Node labels show posterior probability (Bayesian inference) followed by bootstrap support (Maximum likelihood). The scale bar indicates the length of 0.01 substitutions/site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6987325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6987325/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
. All morphometric data are available in Table 
<collectionCode box="[1078,1091,1424,1446]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1478,1237,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis box="[448,570,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Distribution:</emphasis>
Western North America: 
<collectingRegion box="[818,893,1450,1472]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Alberta</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[902,982,1450,1472]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[991,1137,1450,1472]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Baja California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1146,1246,1450,1472]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1255,1348,1450,1472]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1357,1415,1450,1472]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Idaho</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Montana</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[469,544,1477,1499]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Nevada</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[553,628,1477,1498]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[637,685,1477,1499]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Utah</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion box="[732,849,1477,1499]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Washington</collectingRegion>
<bibRefCitation author="Available" box="[849,864,1474,1488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9295" refString="53. AntWeb. Available from http: // www. antweb. org. (2022)." type="url" year="2022">
<superScript attach="left" box="[849,864,1474,1488]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">53</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1478,1237,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis box="[448,521,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Habitat</emphasis>
: Occurring in a broad range of habitats and elevations, from 
<quantity box="[1124,1233,1504,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMax="3.22" metricValueMin="0.02" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1620.0" valueMax="3220.0" valueMin="20.0">20–3220 m</quantity>
a. s. l. (mean: 
<quantity box="[1375,1450,1504,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9969999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1997.0">1997 m</quantity>
) 
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. Typical for mid-elevations in the mountains, whose primary habitat is ponderosa pine forest and its associated communities (e.g., dry meadows, sagebrush, gambel oak woodland) or at higher elevations in meadows bordered by aspen-spruce or alpine scree slopes, but also in other habitats. Nests in and under dead wood, and under stones in soil 
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<superScript attach="left" box="[604,619,1607,1621]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">53</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>