treatments-xml/data/03/9C/E0/039CE028E864FFD6FF12FD2EFEDE62A3.xml

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<mods:title>Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Řezáč, Milan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ- 16106 Prague 6, Czechia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland. pedro. cardoso @ helsinki. fi; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8119 - 9960</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Řezáčová, Veronika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ- 16106 Prague 6, Czechia &amp; strver @ seznam. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1749 - 0355</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-06</mods:number>
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<subSubSection box="[151,598,653,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,598,653,716]" box="[151,598,653,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,598,653,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3JRVC" authority="Ferrandez, 1990" authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,598,653,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,598,653,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,387,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Harpactea proxima</emphasis>
Ferrández, 1990
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[151,235,690,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,598,653,716]" box="[151,235,690,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,227,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[279,1342,195,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[231,1356,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Portuguese Harpactea species. In each map the first species is represented by a transparent circle and the second species by a black diamond:A) H. adicensis &amp; H. algarvensis; B) H. crespoi &amp; H. dolanskyi; C) H. fageli &amp; H. gaditana; D) H. henriquesi &amp; H. hombergii; E) H. korenkoi &amp; H. krejcii; F) H. magnibulbi &amp; H. minoccii; G) H. pekari &amp; H. proxima; H) H. stalitoides &amp; H. subiasi; I) H. tavirensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7804296/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,759,813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3JRVC" authority="Ferrandez 1990: 33" authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,475,759,783]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[151,266,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. proxima</emphasis>
Ferrández 1990: 33
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1c–d (description based on ♁); 
<treatmentCitation author="Le Peru, B." box="[855,1047,759,783]" page="277" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation author="Le Peru, B." box="[855,1047,759,783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 522" refId="ref20332" refString="Le Peru, B. (2011) The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 2, 1 - 522." type="journal article" year="2011">
Le 
<collectingCountry box="[889,935,759,782]" name="Peru" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Peru</collectingCountry>
2011: 277
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, fig. 436 (♁, redrawn from Ferrández 1990).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,640,859,886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,859,1246]" box="[151,640,859,886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,859,885]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[269,325,860,886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Type</typeStatus>
material was not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,859,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,895,921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1990" box="[332,555,896,921]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[332,555,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Harpactea proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[779,913,896,921]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[779,913,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to Ferrández (1990) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[1301,1436,896,921]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[1301,1436,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1990" box="[297,425,932,957]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[297,425,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by absence of femoral spines. However, all our 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[988,1120,932,957]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[988,1120,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens possess femoral spines. Their absence is very unusual in the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bristowe" authorityYear="1939" box="[708,828,968,993]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[708,828,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Harpactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general, which lead us to conclude that the 
<typeStatus box="[1338,1436,967,993]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[182,313,1004,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[182,313,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is just an individual with aberrant spination. Further, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1990" box="[920,1046,1004,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[920,1046,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses conductor (not embolus as stated in Ferrández (1990)) that is uniformly curved (in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[818,949,1040,1065]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[818,949,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is sinuous— 
<figureCitation box="[1124,1209,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-289@8.[151,1436,741,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira. Structures: c—conductor, e—embolus, t—tegulum. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7804282/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Because we found only 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bristowe" authorityYear="1939" box="[207,327,1076,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[207,327,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Harpactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with bulbus morphology of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1982" box="[641,771,1076,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minoccii">
<emphasis box="[641,771,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. minoccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region from where 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrandez" authorityYear="1990" box="[1057,1183,1076,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[1057,1183,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">H. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described, we can not exclude the possibility that these two morphotypes are in fact the same species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,728,1147,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,859,1246]" box="[199,728,1147,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1148,1174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Ecology.</emphasis>
So far unknown (
<emphasis box="[502,530,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">cf.</emphasis>
Ferrández 1990).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="355" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,859,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1183,1209]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Distribution.</emphasis>
It is recorded from southern 
<collectingCountry box="[686,781,1183,1209]" name="Portugal" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(Ferrandez 1990: 37, fig. 3; 
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, A. de &amp; Ferrandez, M. A." pageId="20" pageNumber="355" pagination="53 - 60" refId="ref20485" refString="Machado, A. de B. &amp; Ferrandez, M. A. (1991) Harpactea magnibulbi n. sp. un nuevo disderido (Araneae, Dysderidae), del sur de Portugal. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural (Sec. Biol.), 87, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="1991">Machado &amp; Ferrandez 1991: 58</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 8).
</paragraph>
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