320 lines
38 KiB
XML
320 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="1B49937254D06AD4B6FEFDA1AED3385F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077005" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624770600" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="THANDAR, AHMED S." docDate="2007" docId="038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01414p062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1414 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFB7FFC3FF8EFF94D0368D25C713B858" masterDocTitle="Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698992838850" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="60E96DE2B5FAE7D6C4CC09FCC025485B">Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="27B68749FE3B9A43E2D56A33E8A93337" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="74BCA2278DE7E499DDD394E36FFB3879">THANDAR, AHMED S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5FE762B8AD64299EA3ADF38D52A8D276">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CD6344292C6107D379C4DBEAD3C2D23A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="015795F6FD41F41F59E93A2CEB40B285">
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<mods:date id="F6EA5AA7EAD2B95F13CC6BA4956444E3">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="666CE1C7992DFABE3DA706EA21EED530">2007-03-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ACD3F7923CC40CF2A965BAFEF2ED0E1A">1414</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3DCD8CE86BED36004B2E547CA970CA66">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="4FB75D725F0ED6D33EE0CBC977BF3AAA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1414.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EE17A4BCFD07DD7F65614809B2A1CCC8" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFA5FFBFD0A18862C40DBD39" box="[151,798,1351,1377]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A18862C40DBD39" blockId="43.[151,798,1351,1412]" box="[151,798,1351,1377]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0D081C1FFA5FFBFD0A18862C40DBD39" bold="true" box="[151,798,1351,1377]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA5FFBFD0A18862C40DBD39" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,798,1351,1377]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A18862C40DBD39" bold="true" box="[151,798,1351,1377]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A18862C60DBD39" bold="true" box="[151,286,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Holothuria</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD1198862C6DBBD39" bold="true" box="[303,456,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thymiosycia</emphasis>
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) cf.
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD1C88862C563BD39" bold="true" box="[510,624,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">arenicola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA5FFBFD24E8862C40DBD39" author="Semper, C." box="[632,798,1351,1377]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFA5FFBFD0A1884FC614BDDC" box="[151,263,1386,1412]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A1884FC614BDDC" blockId="43.[151,798,1351,1412]" box="[151,263,1386,1412]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<figureCitation id="131C2A28FFA5FFBFD0A1884FC614BDDC" box="[151,263,1386,1412]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="44.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,847,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-275@44.[156,1407,833,1865]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 20. Holothuria (Thymiosycia) cf. arenicola Semper. Treasure Beach. A. Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. table from ventral body wall (side view); D. buttons from ventral body wall; E. tubefeet rods; F. rods from tentacle stalk; G. part of calcareous ring. (A & E scale a)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077053/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figure 20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFA5FFBFD0A1889FC64DBE24" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A1889FC4C7BD89" blockId="43.[151,1436,1466,1553]" box="[151,980,1466,1489]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FFA5FFBFD0A1889FC4C7BD89" box="[151,980,1466,1489]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFA5FFBFD0A1889FC524BD89" author="Semper, C." box="[151,567,1466,1489]" page="81" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA5FFBFD0A1889FC524BD89" authority="Semper, 1868: 81" authorityName="Semper" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,567,1466,1489]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A1889FC66ABD89" box="[151,377,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Holothuria arenicola</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA5FFBFD1B6889FC524BD89" author="Semper, C." box="[384,567,1466,1489]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref30997" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868:81</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 277, p1.20, pl.30: fig.13, p1.35: fig.4.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A188FFC68BBE49" blockId="43.[151,1436,1466,1553]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB371183FFA5FFBFD0A188FFC68BBE49" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610BCFFA5FFBFD0A188FFC41BBDA9" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[151,776,1498,1521]" page="82" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1988">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA5FFBFD0A188FFC41BBDA9" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988: 82" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,776,1498,1521]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
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<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A188FFC504BDA9" box="[151,535,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA5FFBFD22B88FFC41BBDA9" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[541,776,1498,1521]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref28924" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988:82</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 32 (synonymy before 1988), Samyn, 2003:81 (synonymy & records to 2003).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A18B1EC64DBE24" blockId="43.[151,542,1595,1660]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A18B1EC50DBE0C" box="[151,542,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Previous southern African record</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA5FFBFD08A8B47C649BE24" box="[188,346,1634,1660]" name="Mozambique" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6526FFA5FFB9D0A18B96C696BD3A" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD0A18B96C666BE94" blockId="43.[151,1436,1715,1940]" box="[151,373,1715,1740]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD0A18B96C666BE94" box="[151,373,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA5FFBFD08F8BFFC66DBFCC" blockId="43.[151,1436,1715,1940]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF0FFA5FFBFD08F8BFFC66ABFCC" accessionNumber="J20197" collectingDate="1968-07-12" collectingDateMax="1981-03-20" collectingDateMin="1968-07-12" collectionCode="KZN" collectorName="Mission Rocks & A. S. Thandar & F. L. Farquharson & K. S. Ganga" country="Belgium" county="All" location="Institute of Natural Sciences" municipality="Royal" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">
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||
<collectorName id="26D2537BFFA5FFBFD08F8BFFC678BEAC" box="[185,363,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mission Rocks</collectorName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA5FFBFD1408BFFC6A6BEAC" box="[374,437,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KZN</collectionCode>
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,
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<date id="FF99106DFFA5FFBFD1F78BFFC55BBEAC" box="[449,584,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1968-07-12">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FFA5FFBFD1F78BFFC55BBEAC" box="[449,584,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1968-07-12">12 vii 1968</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D2537BFFA5FFBFD2658BFFC5E1BEAC" box="[595,754,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A.S. Thandar</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFA5FFBFD2CB8BFFC442BEAC" box="[765,849,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
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; Isipingo Beach,
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA5FFBFD42A8BFFC348BEAC" box="[1052,1115,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KZN</collectionCode>
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,
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<date id="FF99106DFFA5FFBFD4508BFFC3FEBEAC" box="[1126,1261,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1970-07-20">
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<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FFA5FFBFD4508BFFC3FEBEAC" box="[1126,1261,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1970-07-20">20 vii 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D2537BFFA5FFBFD4CF8BFFC284BEAC" box="[1273,1431,1754,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A.S. Thandar</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFA5FFBFD0A18A27C7FBBF44" box="[151,232,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
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(juvenile); Treasure Beach, Durban,
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<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA5FFBFD2AA8A27C5C8BF44" box="[668,731,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KZN</collectionCode>
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,
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<date id="FF99106DFFA5FFBFD2D08A27C44CBF44" box="[742,863,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1974-07-02">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FFA5FFBFD2D08A27C44CBF44" box="[742,863,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1974-07-02">2 vii 1974</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D2537BFFA5FFBFD35A8A27C324BF44" box="[876,1079,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">F.L. Farquharson</collectorName>
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,
|
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFA5FFBFD4748A27C384BF44" box="[1090,1175,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
; Park Rynie,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA5FFBFD5058A27C261BF44" box="[1331,1394,1794,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF99106DFFA5FFBFD5488A27C7E5BF1C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1981-03-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDDE985FFA5FFBFD5488A27C7E5BF1C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1981-03-20">20 iii 1981</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D2537BFFA5FFBFD1338A0FC681BF1C" box="[261,402,1834,1860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K.S. Ganga</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFA5FFBFD1978A0FC6E6BF1C" box="[417,501,1834,1860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
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(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F94E21FFA5FFBFD2318A0FC53DBF1C" box="[519,558,1834,1860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">All</collectingCounty>
|
||
above materials currently in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCACD7FFA5FFBFD3F68A0FC315BF1C" box="[960,1030,1834,1860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Royal</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA5FFBFD4268A0FC366BF1C" box="[1040,1141,1834,1860]" name="Belgium" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8EF86076FFA5FFBFD4498A0FC7C8BF34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A:8EF86076FFA5FFBFD4498A0FC7C8BF34" country="Belgium" county="All" municipality="Royal" name="Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">Institute of Natural Sciences</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F84FFFA5FFBFD0DE8A77C643BF34" box="[232,336,1874,1900]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Brussels</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<location id="8EF86076FFA5FFBFD1538A77C50FBF34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A:8EF86076FFA5FFBFD1538A77C50FBF34" box="[357,540,1874,1900]" country="Belgium" county="All" municipality="Royal" name="Treasure Beach" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">Treasure Beach</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA5FFBFD21B8A77C57CBF34" box="[557,623,1874,1900]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
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<specimenCount id="9D21FD24FFA5FFBFD2B28A77C5CABF34" box="[644,729,1874,1900]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
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, (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA5FFBFD3278A76C4CCBF34" box="[785,991,1875,1900]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conusalba" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA5FFBFD3278A76C4CCBF34" box="[785,991,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">H. (T.) conusalba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, deposited in the
|
||
<location id="8EF86076FFA5FFBFD4858A77C288BF34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87BBFFA5FFB9D0A18862C696BD3A:8EF86076FFA5FFBFD4858A77C288BF34" box="[1203,1435,1874,1900]" country="Belgium" county="All" municipality="Royal" name="Australian Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">Australian Museum</location>
|
||
under AM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9474AB4EFFA5FFBFD12E8A5FC662BFCC" box="[280,369,1914,1940]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J20197" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="EnaNcbi">J20197</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA2FFB8D0A18DBDC632B8E9" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,658]" box="[151,289,152,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA2FFB8D0A18DBDC632B8E9" box="[151,289,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA2FFB8D08A8DE5C619BACA" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Specimens cylindrical, vermiform or cigar-shaped, largest
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFA2FFB8D35D8DE5C4DCB882" box="[875,975,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum in life, mottled greyish white to beige to a mottled greyish brown, always with 8–9 pairs of dark greyish-brown or rust-coloured blotches, decreasing in intensity posteriad, ventrum greyish white to brown, skin around anus sometimes rust-coloured. Podia either in the form of only tubefeet, then papillae restricted to anus, or podia papilliform dorsally and as tubefeet ventrally. Water ring usually situated far behind level of calcareous ring. Cuvierian tubules present. Tables of body wall with smooth, circular to quadrangular disc,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFA2FFB8D3B28CADC4ECB9FA" box="[900,1023,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="50.0">50–70 µm</quantity>
|
||
, with four central and four or more smaller marginal holes, a stout spire with single cross-bar, terminating in a squarish crown of 12–15 teeth, some larger table discs with five central and up to 14 smaller marginal holes. Buttons thick,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFA2FFB8D4FA8CFDC255B9AA" box="[1228,1350,472,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50–80 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nearly always regular with smooth to gently undulating margins and 3–4 (sometimes 6) pairs of holes, and occasionally with two poorly defined central knobs, often difficult to demonstrate. Because of the thickness of buttons and the funnel-like shape of the holes, the latter may appear small or large depending on the focal point of the objective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA2FFB8D0A18FEDC5F0BB52" blockId="44.[151,739,712,778]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA2FFB8D0A18FEDC679BAB9" box="[151,362,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Local distribution</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA2FFB8D08A8FD5C7E8BB52" box="[188,251,752,778]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA2FFB8D1318FD5C6B3BB52" box="[263,416,752,778]" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as far south as Park Rynie.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF586625FFA2FFB8D0A18A52C4A6BF81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5077053/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,255,1911,1935]" targetBox="[173,1388,847,1848]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA2FFB8D0A18A52C4A6BF81" blockId="44.[151,1436,1911,2009]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA2FFB8D0A18A52C634BFD7" bold="true" box="[151,295,1911,1935]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA2FFB8D11B8A52C317BFD6" authority="Semper. Treasure Beach. A." authorityName="Semper. Treasure Beach. A." box="[301,1028,1911,1934]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA2FFB8D11B8A52C557BFD6" box="[301,580,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Holothuria (Thymiosycia)</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA2FFB8D25A8A52C5C2BFD6" box="[620,721,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
Semper. Treasure Beach. A.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tables from dorsal body wall; B. buttons from dorsal body wall; C. table from ventral body wall (side view); D. buttons from ventral body wall; E. tubefeet rods; F. rods from tentacle stalk; G. part of calcareous ring. (A & E scale a)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA3FFB9D0A18DBDC5A9B882" blockId="45.[151,698,152,218]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
General distribution
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D08D8DE5C664B881" box="[187,375,192,217]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D08D8DE5C664B881" box="[187,375,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H.(T.) arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(se) almost circumtropical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA3FFB9D0A18C35C422B90A" blockId="45.[151,817,272,338]" box="[151,817,272,338]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D0A18C35C7E3B971" box="[151,240,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
In sand, under rock ledge or between sandstone slabs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA3FFB9D0A18CADC7EDB9F9" blockId="45.[151,1436,392,1378]" box="[151,254,392,417]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D0A18CADC7EDB9F9" box="[151,254,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836ADFFA3FFB9D0888C95C696BD3A" blockId="45.[151,1436,392,1378]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The colour of this species is variable, probably depending to some extent on the immediate habitat. Apart from the normal coloured individuals, rust-coloured specimens were also described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D4AB8CFDC22CB9AA" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1181,1343,472,498]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="637 - 744" refId="ref29459" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1907) The holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32 (1555), 637 - 744, pls 66 - 82." type="journal article" year="1907">Fisher (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D57A8CFDC63FBA42" author="Deichmann, E." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="239 - 349" refId="ref29374" refString="Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the ' Velero III' and ' IV' during the years 1932 - 1954, part II, Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 11 (2), 239 - 349, pls 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1958">Deichmann (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D1538F25C506BA42" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[357,533,512,538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="369 - 382" refId="ref30422" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1976) Shallow-water sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89, 369 - 382." type="journal article" year="1976">Pawson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and black individuals by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D3778F25C4E6BA42" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[833,1013,512,538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="369 - 382" refId="ref30422" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1976) Shallow-water sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89, 369 - 382." type="journal article" year="1976">Pawson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is because of this and the form of the spicules the specimens are here tentatively referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D30A8F0DC4DCBA19" box="[828,975,552,577]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D30A8F0DC4DCBA19" box="[828,975,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although cuvierian tubules are said to be present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D1008F75C59FBA32" authority=", Pearson (1913)" authorityName=", Pearson" authorityYear="1913" box="[310,652,592,618]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D1008F75C6DABA31" box="[310,457,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D1EF8F75C59FBA32" author="Pearson, J." box="[473,652,592,618]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="49 - 101" refId="ref30647" refString="Pearson, J. (1913) Notes on the Holothuroidea of the Indian Ocean. Spolia Zeylanica, 9 (34), 49 - 101, pls. 5 - 14." type="journal article" year="1913">Pearson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reports their absence in his specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D4A68F75C21BBA32" box="[1168,1288,592,618]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The dimensions of the spicules here given correspond well with those given for the species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D4B98F5DC220BACA" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1167,1331,632,658]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="637 - 744" refId="ref29459" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1907) The holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32 (1555), 637 - 744, pls 66 - 82." type="journal article" year="1907">Fisher (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D5778F5DC7F6BAE2" author="Pawson, D." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="i - iv" refId="ref30521" refString="Pawson, D. L (1978) Echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences, no. 2, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington i - iv + 31 pp .." type="book chapter" year="1978">Pawson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and to some extent
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D1F88F85C578BAE2" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[462,619,672,698]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref30718" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Zoology) 18 (4), 119 - 170." type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Amongst the tropical Indo-West Pacific species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D4F38F85C24ABAE1" box="[1221,1369,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Thymiosycia</emphasis>
|
||
, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D0A18FEDC64BBAB9" box="[151,344,712,737]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macroperona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D0A18FEDC64BBAB9" box="[151,344,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. macroperona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D1A28FEDC50BBAB9" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[404,536,712,737]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="strigosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D1A28FEDC50BBAB9" box="[404,536,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. strigosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have buttons greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFA3FFB9D3618FEDC4B8BABA" box="[855,939,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D3DA8FEDC365BABA" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1004,1142,712,738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref30718" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Zoology) 18 (4), 119 - 170." type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but in these species the table discs are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B48FFA3FFB9D14B8FD5C51BBB52" box="[381,520,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="72.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="65.0">65–80 µm</quantity>
|
||
with eight marginal holes and the holes of the buttons large.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D0A18E3DC648BB69" authorityName=", Pearson" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,347,792,817]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D0A18E3DC648BB69" box="[151,347,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. (T.) arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first discovered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D2408E3DC41EBB6A" box="[630,781,792,818]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
by the writer but these records were not published (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D0A18E65C62DBB02" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[151,318,832,858]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="i - iv" refId="ref31052" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1971) The intertidal holothurian fauna of the rocky shores of Natal. MSc dissert. University of South Africa i - iv, 235 pp, 47 pls." type="book chapter" year="1971">Thandar 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D17A8E65C698BB02" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[332,395,832,858]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref31089" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1984) The Holothurian fauna of southern Africa, PhD thesis, University of Durban - Westville, Durban, 566 pp." type="book" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dr Cherbonnier, to whom a specimen was initially sent for confirmation of identification, thought that it represented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D2288E4DC568BBD9" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1833" box="[542,635,872,897]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D2288E4DC568BBD9" box="[542,635,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. hilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The writer has since examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D43D8E4DC37BBBD9" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1833" box="[1035,1128,872,897]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D43D8E4DC37BBBD9" box="[1035,1128,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. hilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D4C38E4DC274BBDA" box="[1269,1383,872,898]" name="Mauritius" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D0A18EB5C622BBF2" box="[151,305,912,938]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is forced to disagree with Dr Cherbonnier. This opinion is supported by Dr Rowe (pers. comm.). The current specimens are so typical of
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D2E08E9DC486BB89" box="[726,917,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
H. (T)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D3108E9DC486BB89" authorityName=", Pearson" authorityYear="1913" box="[806,917,952,977]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola">arenicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as described by other writers, notably
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D5688E9DC60BBBA2" author="Pearson, J." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="49 - 101" refId="ref30647" refString="Pearson, J. (1913) Notes on the Holothuroidea of the Indian Ocean. Spolia Zeylanica, 9 (34), 49 - 101, pls. 5 - 14." type="journal article" year="1913">Pearson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Panning (1934),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D1DD8EC5C5D3BBA2" author="Deichmann, E." box="[491,704,992,1018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="43 - 226" refId="ref29235" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 43 - 226, 24 pls." type="book chapter" year="1930">Deichmann (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D2F88EC5C419BBA2" author="Deichmann, E." box="[718,778,992,1018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="239 - 349" refId="ref29374" refString="Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the ' Velero III' and ' IV' during the years 1932 - 1954, part II, Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 11 (2), 239 - 349, pls 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D37A8EC5C4E5BBA2" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[844,1014,992,1018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="369 - 382" refId="ref30422" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1976) Shallow-water sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89, 369 - 382." type="journal article" year="1976">Pawson (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D4358EC5C352BBA2" author="Pawson, D." box="[1027,1089,992,1018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="i - iv" refId="ref30521" refString="Pawson, D. L (1978) Echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences, no. 2, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington i - iv + 31 pp .." type="book chapter" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that they cannot be referred to another species. Dr Rowe (pers. comm.) is of the opinion that the specimens may represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D4CE892DC675BC12" authority="Cherbonnier" authorityName="Cherbonnier" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="conusalba" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D4CE892DC7D8BC11" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. (T.) conusalba</emphasis>
|
||
Cherbonnier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D1858915C57CBC12" box="[435,623,1072,1098]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. I hate to disagree with Dr. Rowe and in this I am supported by Dr Samyn (pers. comm.). In fact, both Dr Samyn and I are of the opinion that these specimens and a few others also collected from the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED36AE68FFA3FFB9D18689A5C6FFBCC2" box="[432,492,1152,1178]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">KZN</collectionCode>
|
||
coast by Dr Samyn himself but as yet undescribed, may represent either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D56089A5C6D6BC9A" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milloti" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D56089A5C7F7BC99" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H.(T.) milloti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B5CFFA3FFB9D0DD898DC6D6BC9A" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[235,453,1192,1218]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref28924" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or a new species. The current material differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D410898DC385BC99" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[1062,1174,1192,1217]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D410898DC385BC99" box="[1062,1174,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. milloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of anal valves, pseudobuttons amongst the body wall spicules and plate-like spicules in the dorsal podia. Recently Drs Samyn and Massin have begun a revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D2EFFA3FFB9D2E989DDC4B7BD49" authorityName=", Pearson" authorityYear="1913" box="[735,932,1272,1297]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Thymiosycia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EABFFFA3FFB9D2E989DDC4B7BD49" box="[735,932,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. (T.) arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex of species on a world-wide basis and the correct identity of the South African material, now in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330763DFFA3FFB9D3BD8805C4E0BD62" box="[907,1011,1312,1338]" name="Belgium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
, must await the outcome of this or some other revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |