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<document id="B764D756D76467E19CA585AB244FE4F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="298375" ID-DOI="10.1515/bot-2023-0002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b57e6c7c-0db9-46f1-9887-7f0fc0bea187" ID-ISSN="1437-4323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11360276" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1716848111618" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burel, Thomas, Helias, Mathieu &amp; Duff, Michel Le" docDate="2023" docId="038887F96439FFEF9647FC2BFEC0373C" docLanguage="en" docName="BotMar.66.3.151-164.pdf" docOrigin="Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 66 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9102D1D0F376D6FBA22A1B5DFA71D3A3.2:BotMar.2015-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="9102D1D0F376D6FBA22A1B5DFA71D3A3" docStyleName="BotMar.2015-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pachymeniopsis lanceolata Yamada ex Kawabata 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="FFB1FF81643AFFEA957FFFFBFFD83107" masterDocTitle="Range expansion of some non-indigenous seaweeds along the coasts of Brittany - English Channel" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1718129961382" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="03F81E7A819E043517577A7648DDCB00">Range expansion of some non-indigenous seaweeds along the coasts of Brittany - English Channel</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038887F96439FFEF9647FC2BFEC0373C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11582101" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232730397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11582101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887F96439FFEF9647FC2BFEC0373C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887F96439FFEF9647FC2BFEC0373C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<subSubSection id="C33B65646439FFE99647FC2BFB073512" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF6439FFE99647FC2BFB073512" blockId="3.[824,1387,975,1045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="D0D681836439FFE99647FC2BFB073512" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE99647FC2BFB073512" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
3.3
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE9960FFC34FB073512" authority="(Okamura) Yamada ex Kawabata 1954" authorityName="Yamada ex Kawabata" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Okamura" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Pachymeniopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE9960FFC34FB1732EA" bold="true" box="[880,1231,975,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Pachymeniopsis lanceolata</emphasis>
(Okamura) Yamada
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE99698FC0CFBDD3512" bold="true" box="[999,1029,1015,1045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">ex</emphasis>
Kawabata 1954
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36EF6439FFE99647FBB8FA733692" blockId="3.[824,1452,1091,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE99647FBB8FB8D355F" authorityName="Yamada ex Kawabata" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Okamura" box="[824,1109,1091,1112]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Pachymeniopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE99647FBB8FB8D355F" box="[824,1109,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Pachymeniopsis lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE99647FB9DFCAE357C" box="[824,886,1126,1147]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Japan</collectingCountry>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE996E4FB9EFB18357C" authority="Okamura" authorityName="Okamura" authorityYear="1934" box="[923,1216,1125,1147]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Aeodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE996E4FB9EFB8E357D" box="[923,1110,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Aeodes lanceolata</emphasis>
Okamura
</taxonomicName>
, and is native to
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE99010FB9DFA73357C" box="[1391,1451,1126,1147]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE99640FB73FC04359A" author="Okamura, K." box="[831,988,1160,1182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="19 - 48" refId="ref10919" refString="Okamura, K. (1934). Icones of Japanese algae. Tokyo 7: 19 - 48 (English), 17 - 44 (Japanese), plates CCCXI-CCCXXV." type="journal article" year="1934">Okamura 1934</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE99696FB73FB6D3599" author="Yoshida, T. &amp; Suzuki, M. &amp; Yoshinaga, K." box="[1001,1205,1159,1182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="129 - 189" refId="ref11933" refString="Yoshida, T., Suzuki, M., and Yoshinaga, K. (2015). Checklist of marine algae of Japan (revised in 2015). Jpn. J. Phycol. 63: 129 - 189." type="journal article" year="2015">Yoshida et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE991B7FB73FADD3599" box="[1224,1285,1160,1182]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE9906AFB73FAAB3599" author="Liu, J. Y." box="[1301,1395,1160,1182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10263" refString="Liu, J. Y. (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing." type="book" year="2008">Liu 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE99647FB50FCAF35C7" box="[824,887,1195,1216]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE996F7FB51FB8735C7" author="Lee, Y. &amp; Kang, S." box="[904,1119,1194,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10193" refString="Lee, Y. and Kang, S. (2001). A catalogue of the seaweeds in Korea. Cheju National University Press, Jeju." type="book" year="2001">Lee and Kang 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The species was reported in various locations in the Pacific Ocean outside of its natural range through the last decades, such as California (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE99029FB14FC05342F" author="Aguilar-Rosas, R. &amp; Aguilar-Rosas, L. &amp; Hiroshi, K. &amp; Nini, W." pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="112 - 113" refId="ref7317" refString="Aguilar-Rosas, R., Aguilar-Rosas, L., Hiroshi, K., and Nini, W. (2010). First report on the Japanese species Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi and Grateloupia turuturu Yamada (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in Baja California, Mexico. In: Proceedings XX International Seaweed Symposium, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, pp. 112 - 113." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE99693FAE9FBE0342F" box="[1004,1080,1298,1320]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE9913CFAE9FA8E342F" author="Pedroche, F. F. &amp; Senties, A." box="[1091,1366,1297,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="4 - 55" refId="ref10952" refString="Pedroche, F. F. and Senties, A. (2020). Diversidad de macroalgas marinas en Mexico. Una actualizacion floristica y nomenclatural. Cymbella 6: 4 - 55." type="journal article" year="2020">Pedroche and SentÍes 2020</bibRefCitation>
) or
<collectingCountry id="F336767F6439FFE99003FAE9FC54344D" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(D
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE996D0FACFFB01344D" author="Archino, R. &amp; Zuccarello, G. C." box="[943,1241,1332,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref8663" refString="D ' Archino, R. and Zuccarello, G. C. (2021). Two red macroalgae newly introduced into New Zealand: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (K. Okamura) Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata and Fushitsunagia catenata Filloramo et GW Saunders. Bot. Mar. 64: 129 - 138." type="journal article" year="2021">Archino and Zuccarello 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The first European occurrence for
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE996A5FAA3FBB8346B" authorityName="Okamura" authorityYear="1934" box="[986,1120,1367,1389]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Aeodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE996A5FAA3FC30346A" box="[986,1000,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE9968BFAACFBB8346B" box="[1012,1120,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was detected in French waters in the Thau Lagoon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE9915CFA82FAD93497" author="Verlaque, M. &amp; Brannock, P. &amp; Komatsu, T. &amp; Villalard-Bohnsack, M. &amp; Marston, M." box="[1059,1281,1401,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="477 - 496" refId="ref11644" refString="Verlaque, M., Brannock, P., Komatsu, T., Villalard-Bohnsack, M., and Marston, M. (2005). The genus Grateloupia C. Agardh (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Thau Lagoon (France, Mediterranean): a case study of marine plurispecific introductions. Phycologia 44: 477 - 496." type="journal article" year="2005">Verlaque et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE9904FFA82FC7C34B6" authorityName="Kawaguchi" authorityYear="1997" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Grateloupia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE9904FFA82FC7C34B6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Grateloupia lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and it was later found in the Gulf of Morbihan (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E6439FFE990EEFA67FC7B34D2" author="Le Roux, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="37 - 60" refId="ref10161" refString="Le Roux, A. (2018). Additions a la liste des especes marines introduites dans le golfe du Morbihan. Penn ar Bed 230: 37 - 60." type="journal article" year="2018">Le Roux 2018</bibRefCitation>
). In
<date id="FF9F102F6439FFE996B3FA44FB9234D3" box="[972,1098,1471,1492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" value="2020-08">August 2020</date>
, specimens were collected outside the Gulf of Morbihan on the shore at Penvins, Sarzeau. Individual thalli grew up to
<quantity id="4CD99B0A6439FFE99139F9FFFB72371E" box="[1094,1194,1539,1562]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="cm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">3040 cm</quantity>
, with a dark to purplishred color (
<figureCitation id="131A2A6A6439FFE996D3F9DDFBCF373B" box="[940,1047,1574,1596]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[136,194,897,916]" captionTargetBox="[142,748,193,857]" captionTargetId="figure-706@6.[136,750,191,858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata from Brittany: (a) general habit; (b) tetrasporophyte with numerous marginal proliferations (Herbarium T. Burel); (c) longitudinal section. Scale bars: (ac) 2 cm; (d) 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11360290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11360290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figure 6b</figureCitation>
). The color turns a distinctive green when aging. Thalli are characterized by the large foliose palmate frond (regularly wider than
<quantity id="4CD99B0A6439FFE991CBF990FB283786" box="[1204,1264,1643,1665]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
) attenuated at the base (cuneate base, see
<figureCitation id="131A2A6A6439FFE99153F975FB4837A3" box="[1068,1168,1678,1700]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[136,194,897,916]" captionTargetBox="[142,748,193,857]" captionTargetId="figure-706@6.[136,750,191,858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata from Brittany: (a) general habit; (b) tetrasporophyte with numerous marginal proliferations (Herbarium T. Burel); (c) longitudinal section. Scale bars: (ac) 2 cm; (d) 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11360290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11360290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figure 6a</figureCitation>
). The texture is much more coriaceous and never soft as it is in
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE991DFF94BFAA337C1" baseAuthorityName="Stiger-Pouvreau and Thouzeau" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1184,1403,1712,1734]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Grateloupia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="turuturu">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE991DFF94BFAA337C1" box="[1184,1403,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Grateloupia turuturu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The thickness of the blade is up to 800 µm with a compact cortex and medulla (
<figureCitation id="131A2A6A6439FFE996A3F90EFB91360C" box="[988,1097,1781,1803]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[136,194,897,916]" captionTargetBox="[142,748,193,857]" captionTargetId="figure-706@6.[136,750,191,858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata from Brittany: (a) general habit; (b) tetrasporophyte with numerous marginal proliferations (Herbarium T. Burel); (c) longitudinal section. Scale bars: (ac) 2 cm; (d) 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11360290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11360290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figure 6c</figureCitation>
). Locally
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE991C0F90DFA96360D" authorityName="Kawaguchi" authorityYear="1997" box="[1215,1358,1781,1803]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Grateloupia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE991C0F90DFB15360C" box="[1215,1229,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE9919DF90EFA96360D" box="[1250,1358,1781,1802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be misidentified with the introduced
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C6439FFE991CBF8E3FAE83629" baseAuthorityName="Stiger-Pouvreau and Thouzeau" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1204,1328,1816,1838]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Grateloupia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="turuturu">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE991CBF8E3FB1C362A" box="[1204,1220,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B955EAFD6439FFE991AAF8E2FAE83629" box="[1237,1328,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">turuturu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species is much more linear, and as shown above, both texture and thickness are good criteria. One has to be vigilant though, as both species were commonly found
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE94E6FE71FE1A309B" blockId="4.[409,450,394,412]" box="[409,450,394,412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2017</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6564643EFFEF95F6FE3CFEC0373C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE95F6FE3CFCD230DE" blockId="4.[137,778,455,473]" box="[137,778,455,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE95F6FE3CFEE730DE" box="[137,319,455,473]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="hubbsii">Antithamnion hubbsii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE9722FE3CFCD230DE" authorityName="W. E. Schmidt, D. L. Ballantine et Fredericq" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" box="[605,778,455,473]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodymeniaceae" genus="Botryocladia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii">Botryocladia wrightii</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE9627FE71FB1230DE" blockId="4.[856,1335,394,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
2010 2016
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE9696FE3CFB1230DE" authorityName="Yamada ex Kawabata" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Okamura" box="[1001,1226,455,473]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Pachymeniopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">Pachymeniopsis lanceolata</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE94E3FD33FB4F3220" blockId="4.[144,1332,712,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
2008 1994 2005
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE95EFFCEEFEEB3220" authorityName="Kawaguchi et Wang" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" box="[144,307,789,807]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Polyopes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolius">Polyopes lancifolius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE971EFCEEFB4F3220" authority="Solieriasp." authorityName="Solieriasp." box="[609,1175,788,807]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="morrowii">Polysiphonia morrowii Solieriasp.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE9598FC57FE7132B9" blockId="4.[231,425,940,958]" box="[231,425,940,958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
0 50
<quantity id="4CD99B0A643EFFEE9413FC57FE7132B9" box="[364,425,940,958]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE958AFC08FE8D3502" blockId="4.[245,341,1011,1029]" box="[245,341,1011,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">New record</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE958AFBDCFEAE353E" blockId="4.[245,374,1063,1081]" box="[245,374,1063,1081]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Previous record</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE906EFBD3FAE2353D" blockId="4.[1297,1338,1064,1082]" box="[1297,1338,1064,1082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2005</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE95E8FB9BFB193575" blockId="4.[151,541,1120,1163]" lastBlockId="4.[971,1217,1120,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
Source:Trait de côte Histolitt © IGN-Shom 2009 Coordinate system: Lambert-93
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE96B4FB9BFB193575" box="[971,1217,1120,1138]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Symphyocladiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="dendroidea">Symphyocladiella dendroidea</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E6667643EFFEE95F7FB35FE78341C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11582088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11582088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11582088/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[136,194,1230,1249]" targetBox="[137,1338,394,1163]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE95F7FB35FA8435F9" blockId="4.[136,1407,1230,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643EFFEE95F7FB35FF0E35E6" bold="true" box="[136,214,1230,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 2:</emphasis>
Distribution range of seven non-indigenous Rhodophyta in Brittany in 2023.Circles:previous records (from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E643EFFEE9123FB35FB2735E6" author="Geoffroy, A. &amp; Destombe, C. &amp; Kim, B. &amp; Mauger, S. &amp; Raffo, M. P. &amp; Kim, M. S. &amp; Le Gall, L." box="[1116,1279,1230,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="5635 - 5647" refId="ref9269" refString="Geoffroy, A., Destombe, C., Kim, B., Mauger, S., Raffo, M. P., Kim, M. S., and Le Gall, L. (2016). Patterns of genetic diversity of the cryptogenic red alga Polysiphonia morrowii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) suggest multiple origins of the Atlantic populations. Ecol. Evol. 6: 5635 - 5647." type="journal article" year="2016">Geoffroy et al.2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E643EFFEE907AFB35FAAF35E6" author="Le Roux, A." box="[1285,1399,1230,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="37 - 60" refId="ref10161" refString="Le Roux, A. (2018). Additions a la liste des especes marines introduites dans le golfe du Morbihan. Penn ar Bed 230: 37 - 60." type="journal article" year="2018">Le Roux 2018</bibRefCitation>
), stars: new records (this study). For each species, the first date of introduction in Brittany (always in the Gulf of Morbihan) is indicated on the map
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE95F7FAF3FE78341C" blockId="4.[136,1407,1230,1307]" box="[136,416,1288,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B1E643EFFEE95F2FAF3FF27341C" author="Le Roux, A." box="[141,255,1288,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="37 - 60" refId="ref10161" refString="Le Roux, A. (2018). Additions a la liste des especes marines introduites dans le golfe du Morbihan. Penn ar Bed 230: 37 - 60." type="journal article" year="2018">Le Roux 2018</bibRefCitation>
and pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5E6667643EFFEE9685F975FB6336C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11360286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11360286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11360286/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[1018,1076,1678,1697]" targetBox="[138,986,1369,1979]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE9685F975FAC637FF" blockId="4.[1018,1406,1678,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643EFFEE9685F975FB9137A6" bold="true" box="[1018,1097,1678,1697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643EFFEE912BF975FAD937A6" box="[1108,1281,1678,1697]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="hubbsii">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643EFFEE912BF975FAD937A6" box="[1108,1281,1678,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Antithamnion hubbsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Brittany: (a) dried specimen from Brest marina (herbarium of the European Institute for Marine Studies); (b) general habit;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE9685F8F8FA8936AF" blockId="4.[1018,1406,1678,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">(c) characteristic segment showing a cell of the main axis, the opposite distichous branching and the opposite branchlets bearing glandular cells; (d) portion of axis with tetrasporangia; (e) branches and branchlets bearing glandular cells (arrowheads). Scale bars: (a) 5 mm;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643EFFEE9685F849FB6336C2" blockId="4.[1018,1406,1678,1989]" box="[1018,1211,1970,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
(b) 2 mm; (c
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643EFFEE9120F849FBB236C2" bold="true" box="[1119,1130,1970,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155"></emphasis>
e) 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF95ABFF3EFCA331D4" blockId="5.[212,1435,197,697]" box="[212,891,197,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF95ABFF3EFCA331D4" bold="true" box="[212,891,197,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Opposite distichous branching Opposite decussate branching</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF97C6FE56FC8730BB" blockId="5.[212,1435,197,697]" box="[697,863,429,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643FFFEF97C6FE56FC8730BB" box="[697,863,429,444]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="cruciatum">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF97C6FE56FC8730BB" box="[697,863,429,444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Antithamnion cruciatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF97BCFDA7FA8333BE" blockId="5.[212,1435,197,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643FFFEF97BCFDA7FC86336D" box="[707,862,604,618]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF97BCFDA7FC86336D" box="[707,862,604,618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Antithamnion villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF916CFD90FBBB3379" bold="true" box="[1043,1123,619,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Figure 4:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643FFFEF9111FD90FADD3379" box="[1134,1285,619,638]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF9111FD90FB033379" box="[1134,1243,619,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Antithamnion</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
in the north-east Atlantic,showing the different morphologies of
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643FFFEF9585FD5FFE5533B5" box="[250,397,676,690]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Antithamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="hubbsii">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF9585FD5FFE5533B5" box="[250,397,676,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Antithamnion hubbsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
segments and the branching patterns.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E6667643FFFEF916AFAEDFBA834DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11360288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11360288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11360288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[1045,1103,1302,1321]" targetBox="[168,1013,751,1490]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF916AFAEDFAAC3464" blockId="5.[1045,1437,1302,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF916AFAEDFBBD342E" bold="true" box="[1045,1125,1302,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Figure 5:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D6C643FFFEF910FFAEDFACE342E" authorityName="W. E. Schmidt, D. L. Ballantine et Fredericq" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" box="[1136,1302,1302,1321]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodymeniaceae" genus="Botryocladia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii">
<emphasis id="B955EAFD643FFFEF910FFAEDFACE342E" box="[1136,1302,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Botryocladia wrightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Brittany: (a) in situ material from Tréveneuc (picture by F. Gully and M. Cochu); (b) general habit;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF916AFA96FBA834DF" blockId="5.[1045,1437,1302,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">(c) cortex and subcortex in transverse section; (d) immature cystocarp lacking carpostome in surface view. Scale bars: (a and b) 2 cm; (c and d) 100 µm.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36EF643FFFEF95D9F9F9FEC0373C" blockId="5.[166,794,1538,1595]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">together in rocky and sandy pools from the upper and mid-shore.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>