335 lines
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335 lines
47 KiB
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<mods:title id="179876C935EFB1DD6A7DE4A10773683C">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEDBF75CAFF59" bold="true" box="[151,450,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F08DAEDBF76FAFF5A" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[465,754,151,177]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F0A0AEDBF77BDFF5A" author="Versluys, J." box="[769,949,151,177]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB79C5F09F4ED937516FF3E" box="[255,286,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">39</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFB79C5F0821ED937583FF3E" box="[298,395,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="61.[118,210,576,602]" captionTargetBox="[133,1993,618,1570]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphological comparisons among the species with long toothed rib-like scales in pinnules within the Group C." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1">Table 10</tableCitation>
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, Pl. IV, fig. 5; Pl. V, fig. 7.
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEC35759CFEDE" box="[151,404,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F08AAEC35768FFEDE" author="Versluys, J." box="[417,647,285,309]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902: 79–81</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 130–135.
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEC12759CFEB9" box="[151,404,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F08A9EC127655FEB9" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[418,605,314,338]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting 1908: 592</bibRefCitation>
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, PL. L, fig. 4.
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEC70759CFE9B" box="[151,404,344,368]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F08A9EC70766FFE9B" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[418,615,344,368]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref38330" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1913) Studien uber einige Chrysogorgiiden Japans. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 33, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1913">Kinoshita 1913: 32</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEC5E759CFE65" box="[151,404,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F08A9EC5E7673FE65" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[418,635,374,398]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref38389" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergennisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 529</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFB79C5F099CEAB57183F810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" targetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" targetPageId="65" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB79C5F099CEAB57183F810" blockId="65.[151,1437,1949,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F099CEAB5752BF85E" bold="true" box="[151,291,1949,1973]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB79C5F0BD3EAB570E0F85D" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[728,1256,1949,1974]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0BD3EAB577D1F85E" box="[728,985,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB79C5F0AE2EAB570E8F85D" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[1001,1248,1949,1974]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0DFFEAB5710EF85E" bold="true" box="[1268,1286,1949,1973]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0C1CEAB67126F85D" bold="true" box="[1303,1326,1950,1974]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0B17EAE8763CF833" bold="true" box="[540,564,1984,2008]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">C.</emphasis>
|
||
A single terminal polyp under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0AB1EAE877DBF833" bold="true" box="[954,979,1984,2008]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F09D3EACB74E7F810" bold="true" box="[216,239,2019,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0B2AEACB763CF810" bold="true" box="[545,564,2019,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0D51EACB7063F810" bold="true" box="[1114,1131,2019,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0DC1EACB70D4F810" bold="true" box="[1226,1244,2019,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 500 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB79C5F0C44EACB7175F810" bold="true" box="[1359,1405,2019,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFB49C5C099CEB5B7723F938" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" targetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" targetPageId="66" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB49C5C099CEB5B7723F938" blockId="66.[151,1436,1651,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C099CEB5B7517F960" bold="true" box="[151,287,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
|
||
The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB49C5C08C8EB5B77B6F960" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[451,958,1651,1675]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C08C8EB5B76B7F960" box="[451,703,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chrysogorgia geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB49C5C0BC0EB5B77BEF960" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[715,950,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0ACDEB5B77D7F960" bold="true" box="[966,991,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0DB0EB5B70DAF960" bold="true" box="[1211,1234,1651,1675]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C09EAEBBF74F1F944" bold="true" box="[225,249,1687,1711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites at the base of tentacular part.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0B87EBBF76ACF944" bold="true" box="[652,676,1687,1711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0D3CEBBF7045F944" bold="true" box="[1079,1101,1687,1711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0820EB937535F938" bold="true" box="[299,317,1723,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0841EB937553F938" bold="true" box="[330,347,1723,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C0863EB937571F938" bold="true" box="[360,377,1723,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C08BBEB9375CAF938" bold="true" box="[432,450,1723,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C08C4EB9375E9F938" bold="true" box="[463,481,1723,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB49C5C099CEA2976EBF8D4" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB49C5C099CEA2976EBF8D4" blockId="66.[151,1437,1793,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C099CEA297588F8F0" bold="true" box="[151,384,1793,1819]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFB49C5C088EEA2976D7F8D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152343" collectingDate="2019-05-27" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="993" latitude="10.077778" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="140.20332" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="MBM286467" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFB49C5C088EEA297629F8F0" box="[389,545,1793,1819]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">MBM286467</specimenCode>
|
||
, station FX-Dive 209 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFB49C5C0A16EA2A7790F8F6" box="[797,920,1794,1821]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="40" value="10.077778">10°4′40″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFB49C5C0AA9EA2A703EF8F6" box="[930,1078,1794,1821]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="12" value="140.20332">140°12′12″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), a seamount (tentatively named as M5) on the Caroline Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C08FAEA0D7632F8AB" box="[497,570,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="993.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000CD1A9FFB49C5C08FAEA0D7632F8AB" box="[497,570,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="993.0">993 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9F105AFFB49C5C0B4DEA0D76D7F8D4" box="[582,735,1829,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2019-05-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFB49C5C0B4DEA0D76D7F8D4" box="[582,735,1829,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2019-05-27">27 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB49C5D09CCEA617792FCFE" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB49C5D09CCEA61778BFEF6" blockId="66.[151,1437,1793,2036]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB49C5C09CCEA617551F888" bold="true" box="[199,345,1865,1891]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony attached to a rocky substrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB49C5C0A09EA617762F888" box="[770,874,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimen bottlebrush-shaped with a little curved stem, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C0828EA457562F863" box="[291,362,1901,1928]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="cm" value="19.0">19 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C08EBEA457626F863" box="[480,558,1901,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide in maximum with the holdfast not recovered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB49C5C0D8DEA4570E7F86C" box="[1158,1263,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C0C85EA4574CBF847" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base with aeruginous metallic luster at bottom and became brown at the upper part. Branching sequence 1/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFB49C5C0810EA9D754BF824" box="[283,323,1973,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">3L.</specimenCount>
|
||
Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to eight orders with branching angle 70°–110°. Distance between adjacent branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C08B1EAF17613F81F" box="[442,539,2009,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, orthostiche intervals
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C0A13EAF1778FF81F" box="[792,903,2009,2036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the first internode of branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB49C5C0DEBEAF17137F81F" box="[1248,1343,2009,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the terminal branchlets up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D08B9EDBF7609FF5A" box="[434,513,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Polyp average
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0BE0EDBF7723FF5A" box="[747,811,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0A82EDBF77C2FF5A" box="[905,970,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide with a strong contraction at the base of tentacular part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0867ED9375DCFF3E" box="[364,468,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps usually arranged one on first internode of branch and each internode of the stem, one or two in medial internodes and up to two in terminal branchlets. Tentacular part 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0DB2EDF67105FF12" box="[1209,1293,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and 1.0 mm wide with eight obvious tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0B5BEC2B76BFFEF6" box="[592,695,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Verrucae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D09CCEC0F7792FCFE" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Scales in aboral face of tentacle rachis transversely arranged in a single row, some of them longitudinally arranged in two rows at the base, thick and curved with many fine warts, almost branched or forked with irregular shape, and became small and thin on the top, measuring 81–265× 12–218 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0D06EC477088FE62" box="[1037,1152,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 38D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0D80EC4770B6FE62" box="[1163,1214,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">39B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules longitudinally arranged, slender and nearly smooth, curved with rib-like shape and one or two toothed ends and one serrated side, some of them with sparse fine warts on the surface of ends, measuring 225–538 × 13–63 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0C6FEC9F74C3FE1E" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 38D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D09DDECF37503FE1E" box="[214,267,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">39A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The margins of its two side often bent up to form a shallow groove. Scales at the base of tentacular part longitudinally or transversely arranged, elongate with a strong medial contraction and many fine warts, some of them with lobed edges and one or two ends became broad and straight, measuring 230–350 × 45–206 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0C21EF0B7198FDD6" box="[1322,1424,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in basal polyp body wall obliquely or transversely arranged, elongate with a slightly medial contraction, nearly smooth or with sparse fine warts, occasionally with one or more large warts and lobed edges, measuring 125–513 × 13–219 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D08A2EFA7761DFD42" box="[425,533,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 38F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0B2AEFA7765DFD42" box="[545,597,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">39D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in coenenchyme longitudinally and densely arranged, slender and thick with irregular and lobed edges, usually with many large oval or irregular warts and more or less fine warts, occasionally nearly smooth, measuring 84–420 × 15–102 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0A5BEFFF77B6FD1A" box="[848,958,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-76@65.[191,1396,422,1925]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 38. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C. A single terminal polyp under SEM. D. Tentacles with long pinnular sclerites under SEM. E. A part of branch under SEM. F. Basal polyp body wall under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 500 μm (D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203518/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 38E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0AC2EFFF77F2FD1A" box="[969,1018,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[179,1409,180,1627]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 39. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia geniculata (Wright & Studer, 1889). A. Sclerites in pinnules. B. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. C. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. D. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. E. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A, B, E, and C, D in the same scale, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203520/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">39E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates or scales in polyp mouth area near the tentacles rare to absent, occasionally thick with many warts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB59C5D09CCEE367110FCB6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D09CCEE367110FCB6" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D09CCEE3675F8FCD3" bold="true" box="[199,496,798,825]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336760AFFB59C5D0B40EE3776C4FCD2" box="[587,716,799,825]" name="Philippines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hawaii and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336760AFFB59C5D0A57EE377797FCD2" box="[860,927,799,825]" name="Japan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0AA2EE377020FCD2" box="[937,1064,799,825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.845" metricValueMax="6.21" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="384.5" valueMax="621.0" valueMin="148.0">148–621 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D0D3EEE37713AFCD2" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[1077,1330,799,825]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D0C37EE3774DAFCB6" author="Versluys, J." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D09D6EE6B757DFCB6" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[221,373,835,861]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D088BEE6B7638FCB6" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[384,560,835,861]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref38330" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1913) Studien uber einige Chrysogorgiiden Japans. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 33, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1913">Kinoshita 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount on the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFB59C5D0DC1EE6B7110FCB6" box="[1226,1304,835,861]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0DC1EE6B711CFCB6" box="[1226,1300,835,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="993.0">993 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB59C5D09CCEE4F772CFC06" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D09CCEE4F772CFC06" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D09CCEE4F7533FC6A" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,897]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The Caroline specimen matches well with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB59C5D0D32EE4F74D4FC4E" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D0D32EE4F70C7FC6A" box="[1081,1231,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">C. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D0DD7EE4F74DBFC4E" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB59C5D08B1EEA3765BFC4E" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[442,595,907,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D08B1EEA3765BFC4E" box="[442,595,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">C. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be summarized by having a typical bottlebrush-shaped colony, thick scales usually with many large warts and irregular edges in coenenchyme, elongate scales in polyp body wall and coarse scales with many fine warts in tentacles (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFB59C5D0BBAEEFB771FFC06" box="[689,791,979,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="61.[118,210,576,602]" captionTargetBox="[133,1993,618,1570]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphological comparisons among the species with long toothed rib-like scales in pinnules within the Group C." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |