582 lines
72 KiB
XML
582 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AA7ECB77D688617CB8AB6AA506A6C4A8">Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FAC153D38403AA719DF8DAFD6397DDC">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. & Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A46C6EE99ED0FAD2C1C422521E4456E9">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3477366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159660804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3477366" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3FCE4329-1523-4546-92E7-C7BD15D5DEDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD0481F8891327F8FF" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityYear="2019" box="[456,1029,1802,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD0481F88915F5F8FF" bold="true" box="[456,727,1802,1829]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Zischkaia mielkeorum</emphasis>
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Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD0158F888134EF8FF" box="[1041,1132,1803,1829]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD0734F8DA1494F8A9" blockId="50.[366,1222,1802,1908]" box="[637,950,1881,1908]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD0734F8DA15E4F8A9" box="[637,710,1881,1907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD079DF8DA15C3F8A9" box="[724,737,1881,1907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1734,1760]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,677,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,658,1690]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂ (DZ 37. 029), dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. saundersii, ♀ (DZ 36. 969), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., holotype, ♀, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. josti sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (USNM ENT 00233844), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. mielkeorum sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 618), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. warreni sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476682/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">3</figureCitation>
|
||
I–L,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD0655F8DA1409F8AE" box="[796,811,1881,1908]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 221). B. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 200). C. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial DZ 21. 214)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476686/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">5</figureCitation>
|
||
B,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD0604F8DA1478F8A9" box="[845,858,1881,1907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969). C–D. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey). E–F. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688). G–H. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">7</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFA8FFBD06D0F8DA1494F8A9" box="[921,950,1881,1907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">14</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA8FFBD05F4F81D1370F831" box="[189,1106,1950,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4F81D1614F862" blockId="50.[189,310,1950,1976]" box="[189,310,1950,1976]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA8FFBD05F4F81D1614F862" bold="true" box="[189,310,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD05F4F81D1614F862" bold="true" box="[189,310,1950,1976]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA8FFBD05F4F8521370F831" blockId="50.[189,1106,2000,2027]" box="[189,1106,2000,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
See relevant sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD0493F8521551F831" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[474,627,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD0493F8521551F831" box="[474,627,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD07CBF85215F6F830" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[642,724,2001,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD07CBF85215F6F830" box="[642,724,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD0792F852141AF831" box="[731,824,2001,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFA8FFBD063CF85214D2F830" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[885,1008,2001,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA8FFBD063CF85214D2F830" box="[885,1008,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFA8FFBD06BEF8521370F831" box="[1015,1106,2001,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA9FFBC05F4FE881545FE7B" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FE881666FEFF" blockId="51.[189,324,267,293]" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA9FFBC05F4FE881666FEFF" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05F4FE881666FEFF" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FEBF1545FE7B" blockId="51.[189,1398,316,417]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">This species is named to honor three generations of German-Brazilian naturalists: Carl Helmuth Theodor Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke and Carlos Guilherme Costa Mielke. The specific epithet is a masculine noun in the genitive case.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA9FFBC05F4FE4914CFFC0B" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FE4916CEFE3E" blockId="51.[189,492,458,484]" box="[189,492,458,484]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA9FFBC05F4FE4916CEFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,492,458,484]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05F4FE4916CEFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,492,458,484]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC05A3FE781255FDBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040156" collectingDate="2013-02-19" collectingDateMax="2013-02-26" collectingDateMin="2013-02-19" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Mielke & Casagrande" country="Brazil" county="Brasil" latitude="-19.056944" location="Res [erva]. Ecologica Sooretama" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ 36.970" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05A3FE78167EFDCF" blockId="51.[189,1399,507,609]" box="[234,348,507,533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05A3FE78167EFDCF" bold="true" box="[234,348,507,533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA9FFBC05A3FE78167EFDCF" box="[234,348,507,533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FDA21255FDBB" blockId="51.[189,1399,507,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFA9FFBC05F4FDA21605FDE1" box="[189,295,545,571]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC047AFDA2161FFDE1" bold="true" box="[307,317,545,571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">•</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC0400FDA21640FDE1" box="[329,354,545,571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; “// Brasil,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFA9FFBC04BCFDA21586FDE1" box="[501,676,545,571]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, [
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACDFFFA9FFBC07F2FDA31463FDE1" box="[699,833,544,571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sooretama</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,]
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC0611FDA313FDFDE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC0611FDA313FDFDE1" box="[856,1247,544,571]" country="Brazil" county="Brasil" latitude="-19.056944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" name="Res [erva]. Ecologica Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Res[erva]. Ecológica Sooretama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC01A6FD9C1255FDE1" box="[1263,1399,543,571]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-19.056944">19°03′25”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC05F4FDC71672FDBA" box="[189,336,580,608]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-40.147224">40°08′50”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC0412FDC51526FDBA" box="[347,516,582,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2013-02-19" valueMax="2013-02-26" valueMin="2013-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC0412FDC51526FDBA" box="[347,516,582,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2013-02-19" valueMax="2013-02-26" valueMin="2013-02-19">19-26-II-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC0746FDC51540FDBA" box="[527,610,582,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mielke</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC07CFFDC5142DFDBA" box="[646,783,582,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Casagrande</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC065FFDC51418FDBA" box="[790,826,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. //
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC0617FDC414FFFDBA" box="[862,989,582,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ 36.970</specimenCode>
|
||
// BC-DZ Willmott 248 //”;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC006FFDC41251FDBB" box="[1318,1395,583,609]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC05A3FD0916EFFD2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040111" collectingDate="1969-10-06" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="C. - C. Elias" country="Brazil" latitude="-18.566668" location="Conceicao da Barra" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="-39.75" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-21200" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05A3FD091534FD7F" blockId="51.[189,1399,650,978]" box="[234,534,650,677]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05A3FD091645FD7E" bold="true" box="[234,359,650,676]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFA9FFBC05A3FD091645FD7E" box="[234,359,650,676]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC0430FD09169FFD7F" box="[377,445,650,677]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC0483FD091528FD7F" box="[458,522,650,677]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FD3314CFFC0B" blockId="51.[189,1399,650,978]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFA9FFBC05F4FD33160EFD10" box="[189,300,688,714]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC0471FD2C16CDFD13" bold="true" box="[312,495,687,714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFA9FFBC0471FD2C16CDFD13" box="[312,495,687,714]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC0742FD33151EFD10" box="[523,572,688,714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC0703FD33141BFD10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC0703FD33141BFD10" box="[586,825,688,714]" country="Brazil" latitude="-18.566668" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="-39.75" name="Conceicao da Barra" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Conceição da Barra</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC0607FD2D149BFD10" box="[846,953,686,714]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-18.566668">18°34′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC0681FD2D131CFD10" box="[968,1086,686,714]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-39.75">39°45′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC011DFD3313C7FD10" box="[1108,1253,688,714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1969-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC011DFD3313C7FD10" box="[1108,1253,688,714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1969-10-06">6 Oct. 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC01BAFD331255FD10" box="[1267,1399,688,714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C.-C. Elias</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC05B1FD561654FD35" box="[248,374,725,751]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-21200</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC04C8FD5516EFFD2A" box="[385,461,726,752]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC04AFFD561247FD2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040164" box="[486,1381,723,752]" collectingDate="1981-09" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Elias" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.383333" location="Linhares" longLatPrecision="1272" longitude="-40.066666" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36629" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC04AFFD561531FD2A" box="[486,531,725,752]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC0768FD5615A9FD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC0768FD5615A9FD35" box="[545,651,725,751]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.383333" longLatPrecision="1272" longitude="-40.066666" name="Linhares" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Linhares</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC07D6FD501425FD35" box="[671,775,723,751]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-19.383333">19°23′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC065DFD501458FD2A" box="[788,890,723,752]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-40.066666">40°4′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC06C7FD561325FD35" box="[910,1031,725,751]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1981-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC06C7FD561325FD35" box="[910,1031,725,751]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1981-09">Sep. 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC015AFD56136CFD35" box="[1043,1102,725,751]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Elias</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC01D9FD56122CFD35" box="[1168,1294,725,751]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36629</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC0050FD551247FD2A" box="[1305,1381,726,752]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC05F4FD781412FCE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040001" collectingDate="2013-02-19" collectingDateMax="2013-02-26" collectingDateMin="2013-02-19" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="O. H. H. Mielke & M. M. Casagrande" country="Brazil" elevation="100" latitude="-19.056944" location="Reserva Ecologica de Sooretama" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36618" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC05F4FD7817DCFCCF" box="[189,254,763,789]" count="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACDFFFA9FFBC0442FD7816AEFCCF" box="[267,396,763,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sooretama</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC04DFFD781435FCCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC04DFFD781435FCCF" box="[406,791,763,789]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.056944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" name="Reserva Ecologica de Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Reserva Ecológica de Sooretama</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC0661FD7A1488FCCF" box="[808,938,761,789]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-19.056944">19°3′25″ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC06FCFD7A1361FCCF" box="[949,1091,761,789]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-40.147224">40°8′50″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFA9FFBC011CFD781383FCCF" box="[1109,1185,763,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FFA9FFBC011CFD781383FCCF" box="[1109,1185,763,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC01E5FD781250FCCF" box="[1196,1394,763,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2013-02-19" valueMax="2013-02-26" valueMin="2013-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC01E5FD781250FCCF" box="[1196,1394,763,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2013-02-19" valueMax="2013-02-26" valueMin="2013-02-19">19–26 Feb. 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC05F4FCA21649FCE0" box="[189,363,800,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O.H.H. Mielke</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC04E9FCA21553FCE0" box="[416,625,800,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">M.M. Casagrande</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC07E6FCA3140EFCE0" box="[687,812,800,826]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36618</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC067FFCA31495FCE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040001" box="[822,951,800,826]" collectingDate="2013-02-19" collectingDateMax="2013-02-26" collectingDateMin="2013-02-19" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="O. H. H. Mielke & M. M. Casagrande" country="Brazil" elevation="100" latitude="-19.056944" location="Reserva Ecologica de Sooretama" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36688" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC067FFCA31491FCE0" box="[822,947,800,826]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36688</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC06F4FCA313B3FCE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040001" box="[957,1169,800,827]" collectingDate="2013-02-19" collectingDateMax="2013-02-26" collectingDateMin="2013-02-19" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="O. H. H. Mielke & M. M. Casagrande" country="Brazil" elevation="100" latitude="-19.056944" location="Reserva Ecologica de Sooretama" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.147224" municipality="Sooretama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36968" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC06F4FCA3131EFCE0" box="[957,1084,800,826]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36968</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC010CFCA213B3FCE1" box="[1093,1169,801,827]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC01ECFCA214C7FCBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040097" collectingDate="1970-03-25" collectingDateMax="1970-03-29" collectingDateMin="1970-03-25" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Ebert" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.933332" location="Santa Teresa" longLatPrecision="1270" longitude="-40.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36711" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC01ECFCA213F2FCE1" box="[1189,1232,801,827]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC0194FCA21250FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC0194FCA21250FCE1" box="[1245,1394,801,827]" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.933332" longLatPrecision="1270" longitude="-40.6" name="Santa Teresa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Santa Teresa</location>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC058DFCC7160EFCBA" box="[196,300,836,864]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-19.933332">19°56′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFA9FFBC047EFCC71688FCBA" box="[311,426,836,864]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-40.6">40°36′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC04F4FCC515A5FCBA" box="[445,647,838,865]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1970-03-25" valueMax="1970-03-29" valueMin="1970-03-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC04F4FCC515A5FCBA" box="[445,647,838,865]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1970-03-25" valueMax="1970-03-29" valueMin="1970-03-25">25–29 Mar. 1970</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC07DBFCC515F0FCBA" box="[658,722,838,864]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ebert</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC0659FCC514AFFCBA" box="[784,909,838,864]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36711</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC06D1FCC414C7FCBB" box="[920,997,839,865]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC014AFCC5120EFC5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040061" collectingDate="2007-02-11" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="O. H. H. Mielke & M. M. Casagrande" country="Brazil" elevation="600" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36599" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC014AFCC51388FCBA" bold="true" box="[1027,1194,838,864]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFA9FFBC014AFCC51388FCBA" box="[1027,1194,838,864]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC0189FCC513CCFCBB" box="[1216,1262,838,865]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A512F87FFA9FFBC01B0FCC5167FFC5C" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFA9FFBC01B0FCC51263FCBA" box="[1273,1345,838,864]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Teofilo Otoni
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFA9FFBC042EFCE81690FC5C" box="[359,434,875,902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FFA9FFBC042EFCE81690FC5C" box="[359,434,875,902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC04F4FCEF1575FC5C" box="[445,599,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2007-02-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC04F4FCEF1575FC5C" box="[445,599,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2007-02-11">11 Feb. 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC0728FCEF1432FC5C" box="[609,784,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O.H.H. Mielke</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC060FFCEF133AFC5C" box="[838,1048,876,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">M.M. Casagrande</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC011EFCE813F7FC5C" box="[1111,1237,875,902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36599</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC0196FCEF120EFC5C" box="[1247,1324,876,902]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC0003FCE81698FC0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040127" collectingDate="1937-09-19" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. F. d'Almeida" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Sao Bernardino" municipality="Nova Iguacu" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="DZ-36671" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC0003FCE8161CFC71" bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFA9FFBC0003FCE8161CFC71" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC041CFC1216A2FC76" box="[341,384,913,940]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACDFFFA9FFBC04C4FC111504FC76" box="[397,550,914,940]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Nova Iguaçu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFA9FFBC0779FC121470FC71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FFA8FFBA0481F889166DFA5E:8E83607EFFA9FFBC0779FC121470FC71" box="[560,850,913,939]" country="Brazil" municipality="Nova Iguacu" name="Fazenda Sao Bernardino" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Fazenda São Bernardino</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFA9FFBC0615FC1214D4FC71" box="[860,1014,913,939]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1937-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFA9FFBC0615FC1214D4FC71" box="[860,1014,913,939]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1937-09-19">19 Sep. 1937</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFA9FFBC0148FC111396FC71" box="[1025,1204,913,940]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R.F. d’Almeida</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC01BDFC121250FC71" box="[1268,1394,913,939]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DZ-36671</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC05F4FC341628FC0B" box="[189,266,951,977]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC0462FC341698FC0B" bold="true" box="[299,442,951,977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Not located</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFA9FFBC049AFC3414CBFC0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425040144" box="[467,1001,951,978]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Brazil" location="Brazil'" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="BMNH(E)-1205420" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFA9FFBC049AFC341520FC0B" box="[467,514,951,977]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; ‘Brazil’;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFA9FFBC0730FC341449FC08" box="[633,875,951,978]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BMNH(E)-1205420</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFA9FFBC063FFC3414CBFC0B" box="[886,1001,951,977]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFA9FFBA05F4FC79139CFE38" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FC79166CFBCE" blockId="51.[189,334,1018,1044]" box="[189,334,1018,1044]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFA9FFBC05F4FC79166CFBCE" bold="true" box="[189,334,1018,1044]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05F4FC79166CFBCE" bold="true" box="[189,334,1018,1044]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05A3FBAF1608FB9C" blockId="51.[189,628,1068,1132]" box="[234,298,1068,1094]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFA9FFBC05A3FBAF1608FB9C" bold="true" box="[234,298,1068,1094]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FBD11556FBB1" blockId="51.[189,628,1068,1132]" box="[189,628,1105,1132]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
FOREWING LENGTH.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFA9FFBC04DFFBD21537FBB6" box="[406,533,1105,1132]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FB15147EFAB1" blockId="51.[189,1399,1173,1388]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">HEAD. Eyes naked, with whitish scales at base; labial palpi laterally dark reddish brown with whitish scales, ventrally dark brown and whitish lines, first segment about the length of the third segment and as thick as the second, third segment thin, second segment thicker and almost four times the length of the third segment, with long hair-like scales; antennae reddish dark brown dorsally with whitish scales at the base of each segment, ventrally naked, approximately two-fifths the forewing length, with about 46 segments (n = 5), distal segments forming a slender club.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FA161629FA0E" blockId="51.[189,1398,1429,1492]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">THORAX. Dorsally dark reddish brown; laterally and ventrally dark reddish brown with brownish gray scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4FA7C1528F9B9" blockId="51.[189,1399,1534,1636]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">LEGS. Foreleg brownish gray with whitish scales; mid and hindleg femur brownish gray with whitish scales, tibiae and tarsi mostly brownish gray with whitish scales ventrally, with pair of tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4F90E16E7F917" blockId="51.[189,1398,1677,1741]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ABDOMEN. Eighth tergite as stripe at base of eighth abdominal segment, in addition to presence of two distal broader patches.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4F9741363F8EC" blockId="51.[189,1399,1782,1852]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
WING VENATION. Basal half of forewing Subcosta swollen; base of Cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFA9FFBC0491F8AD16C3F8E6" attach="left" box="[472,481,1838,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">2</subScript>
|
||
towards M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFA9FFBC072EF8AD1552F8E6" attach="left" box="[615,624,1838,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">1</subScript>
|
||
than M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFA9FFBC0783F8AD15F1F8E6" attach="left" box="[714,723,1838,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">3</subScript>
|
||
; hindwing humeral developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFA9FFBC05F4F8E3150FF831" blockId="51.[189,1398,1888,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">WING SHAPE. Forewing triangular, costal margin rounded, outer margin straight, inner margin more or less straight, apex and tornus rounded; hindwing more or less rounded, humeral area expanded, costal margin slightly rounded, outer margin slightly crenulated, inner margin slightly sinuous, apex and tornus rounded, not very conspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4FE8F1533FE93" blockId="52.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">DORSAL FOREWING. Ground color variable, usually dark reddish brown; marginal area and apex conspicuously darker brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4FEF014DBFE6B" blockId="52.[189,1398,370,433]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">DORSAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing; submarginal and marginal line somewhat visible though transparency along the costal margin, specially near the tornus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4FE5A1632FD16" blockId="52.[189,1399,473,716]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
VENTRAL FOREWING. Ground color brown, lighter than the dorsal forewing ground color; discal line reddish brown, noticeably fainter than other lines, running more or less obliquely from near the costal margin to 2A; postdiscal line dark reddish brown, variably developed in width, running obliquely from about M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0456FDD4160AFDBF" attach="left" box="[287,296,599,613]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
to 2A; submarginal line dark reddish brown, variably wavy, from the apex to the tornus along the outer margin, ending at about 2A; marginal line dark reddish brown, straight and narrower than submarginal line, from the apex to the tornus along the outer margin, ending at about 2A; fringe dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4FD76164CFB47" blockId="52.[189,1399,756,1181]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
VENTRAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing; discal line dark reddish brown, almost straight, running from costal to the inner margin; postdiscal line similar to and more or less parallel to discal line, passing through the end of the discal cell at the origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB063EFCCC14A2FC87" attach="left" box="[887,896,847,861]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3</subScript>
|
||
, and posteriorly directed to the base of the wing at 2A-3A; submarginal band wavy, similar in color and width to the discal and postdiscal line, running from apex towards the tornus, occasionally fused with the posdiscal line near the costal margin and occasionally fused to the submedian line in 2A-3A; marginal line similar in color, but thinner than other lines, slightly wavy along the outer margin; submarginal ocelli from M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0176FC63136AFC34" attach="left" box="[1087,1096,992,1006]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
to 2A, roughly oval, dark brown encircled by a marked orange ring and a subtler brown ring; pupil with scattered silver scales, ocelli at M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0476FBAB166AFBEC" attach="right" box="[319,328,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0422FBAB1656FBEC" attach="left" box="[363,372,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB04D7FBAB1685FBEC" attach="right" box="[414,423,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">3</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB049BFBAB16F9FBEC" attach="left" box="[466,475,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
, and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0709FBAB156BFBEC" attach="right" box="[576,585,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB073DFBAB155FFBEC" attach="left" box="[628,637,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
|
||
similar in size, somewhat elongate, those in M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB01E6FBAB139AFBEC" attach="left" box="[1199,1208,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB0195FBAB13C7FBEC" attach="left" box="[1244,1253,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFAEFFBB000BFBAB1269FBEC" attach="left" box="[1346,1355,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
|
||
-2A underdeveloped, usually half the size of the other ocelli; scales of the areas between postdiscal and submarginal lines and submarginal and marginal lines with variable light purple to lilac tinge; fringe dark brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4FB451482F9FC" blockId="52.[189,1399,1221,1574]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAEFFBB040DFB461681FB3A" box="[324,419,1221,1248]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 221). B. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 200). C. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial DZ 21. 214)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476686/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen somewhat flattened, anteriorly bulged, with a single dorsal dome-like projection near the base of the uncus; appendices angulares absent; uncus laterally flattened and straight, slightly longer than the length of the tegument in lateral view; brachia slightly shorter than the uncus, thicker at the base and narrowing to a point posteriorly; combination of ventral arms of the tegumen and dorsal arms of the saccus sinuous; saccus anterior projection tube-like, approximately the length of the tegumen; valva more or less triangular, stretched dorsal and posteriorly; basal half of valva larger, narrowing towards the apex, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin convex, apex broadly rounded; fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) strap-like; phallobase about one-third of phallus, rather straight; ductus ejaculatorius not discerned; aedeagus straight with manica covering approximately half, winglet absent, distal opening located ventrally where vesica is visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05A3F9CD1667F9B2" blockId="52.[189,627,1614,1677]" box="[234,325,1614,1640]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAEFFBB05A3F9CD1667F9B2" bold="true" box="[234,325,1614,1640]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4F9F01551F957" blockId="52.[189,627,1614,1677]" box="[189,627,1650,1677]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
FOREWING LENGTH.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFAEFFBB04DFF9F11537F957" box="[406,533,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="26.0">26–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBB05F4F936167BF8E6" blockId="52.[189,1398,1717,1852]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Similar to male except as follows: foretarsus divided into five tarsomers; wings ground color generally lighter; forewing more rounded and broader, outer margin usually slightly convex; hindwing outer margin more crenulated; dorsal hindwing submarginal and marginal lines more noticeable seen through transparency.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAEFFBA05F4F8E613AFFE90" blockId="52.[189,1399,1892,2027]" lastBlockId="53.[189,1398,267,331]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
FEMALE ABDOMEN AND GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAEFFBB0707F8E715B4F8A5" box="[590,662,1892,1919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969). C–D. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey). E–F. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688). G–H. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F): membranous areas between seventh and eight sternite folded forming the sclerotized antrum attached to the lamella antevaginalis near the ostium bursae; lamella antevaginalis sclerotized; lamella postvaginalis absent; eighth abdomen segment with a lateral sclerotized area; ductus bursae with a sclerotized area of about a third of its length near the ostium bursae; ductus seminalis origin close to the ostium bursae; corpus bursae oval, with a pair of parallel and dorsal signa, signa narrow and slightly shorter than the length of the corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FEF01611FE57" blockId="53.[189,307,371,397]" box="[189,307,371,397]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFAFFFBA05F4FEF01611FE57" bold="true" box="[189,307,371,397]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA05F4FEF01611FE57" bold="true" box="[189,307,371,397]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FE20139CFE38" blockId="53.[189,1399,419,483]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">The silvery blue patch between the median and submarginal lines in VHW can vary in intensity, and the coloration of the ocellar ring is also variable, being more yellowish in some specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFAFFFBA05F4FD8816B6FDA0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FD8816E6FDFF" blockId="53.[189,452,523,549]" box="[189,452,523,549]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA05F4FD881674FDFF" bold="true" box="[189,342,523,549]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAFFFBA042FFD881699FDFF" box="[358,443,523,549]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FDB816B6FDA0" blockId="53.[189,1399,571,634]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
This species is known to date from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAFFFBA07BBFDB8141FFD8F" box="[754,829,571,597]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFAFFFBA0153FDB813E1FD8C" box="[1050,1219,571,598]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFAFFFBA0187FDB81255FD8F" box="[1230,1399,571,597]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFAFFFBA05A6FDE316ADFDA0" box="[239,399,608,634]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFAFFFBA05F4FD20166DFA5E" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FD20160DFD67" blockId="53.[189,303,675,701]" box="[189,303,675,701]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFAFFFBA05F4FD20160DFD67" bold="true" box="[189,303,675,701]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA05F4FD20160DFD67" bold="true" box="[189,303,675,701]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFAFFFBA05F4FD50166DFA5E" blockId="53.[189,1399,723,1412]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Three barcoded specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA075CFD57159EFD37" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[533,700,723,749]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA075CFD57159EFD37" box="[533,700,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAFFFBA078BFD571438FD34" box="[706,794,724,750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(BC-DZ-225, 248, 249) form a well supported clade (SH-aLRT/UF Boot = 99.8/95), with two individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA0614FD7A1493FCC8" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[861,945,761,786]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA0614FD7A1493FCC8" box="[861,945,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAFFFBA06F3FD7A1334FCC9" box="[954,1046,761,787]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MUSM-LEP-68763, 18704) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFAFFFBA058FFC9E162FFCED" box="[198,269,797,823]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite the small sampling size (n = 5) for these two species, the existence of a ‘barcoding gap’ between these two taxa (see corresponding section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA0621FCC0149BFC86" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[872,953,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA0621FCC0149BFC86" box="[872,953,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAFFFBA06F6FCC1133EFC86" box="[959,1052,834,860]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), combined with the presence of wing pattern and genitalia differences that separate these two species, leads us to consider them as distinct species. The known ranges of these species are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFAFFFBA014CFC0F134CFC7F" box="[1029,1134,907,934]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="km" value="3000.0">3000 km</quantity>
|
||
apart, reinforcing this taxonomic decision. In fact, no known area of sympatry exists between any species pair in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA01B5FC331254FC10" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1276,1398,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA01B5FC331254FC10" box="[1276,1398,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, which thus appears to have undergone allopatric speciation. However, this taxonomic treatment will result in accepting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA0498FC781558FBCE" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[465,634,1018,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA0498FC781558FBCE" box="[465,634,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFAFFFBA07CBFC7915FEFBCE" box="[642,732,1018,1044]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a paraphyletic group. Although it is not an acceptable taxonomic practice to name non-monophyletic groups, we argue in this case based on the fact that BC-DZ-249 is missing first 80 or so base pairs of its sequence. This missing information might have resulted in separation from the sequence generated from the individual from the same locality (BC-DZ-248, from Res. Ecologica Sooretama,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFAFFFBA0777FB0E15C5FB7D" box="[574,743,1165,1191]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAFFFBA07BBFB0E1419FB72" box="[754,827,1165,1192]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and, in fact, grouped together with BC-DZ-225, which is a specimen from a different site (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFAFFFBA07FAFB311474FB16" box="[691,854,1202,1228]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFAFFFBA062AFB311492FB17" box="[867,944,1202,1229]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). It is also worth noting that a number of butterfly species are recovered as paraphyletic, including species in some of the best studied butterfly genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA0443FB7F153AFACC" authority="Kluk, 1780" authorityName="Kluk" authorityYear="1780" box="[266,536,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA0443FB7F16ABFACC" box="[266,393,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Heliconius</emphasis>
|
||
Kluk, 1780
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFAFFFBA072CFB7F14B9FACC" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[613,923,1275,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA072CFB7F15EBFACF" box="[613,713,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">H. erato</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FFAFFFBA06AFFB7F13E3FACC" author="Kozak K. M. & Wahlberg N. & Neild A. F. & Dasmahapatra K. K. & Mallet J. & Jiggins C. D." box="[998,1217,1275,1302]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kozak" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="505 - 524" part="64" refId="ref40640" refString="Kozak K. M., Wahlberg N., Neild A. F., Dasmahapatra K. K., Mallet J. & Jiggins C. D. 2015. Multilocus species trees show the recent adaptive radiation of the mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Systematic Biology 64 (3): 505 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syv 007" title="Multilocus species trees show the recent adaptive radiation of the mimetic Heliconius butterflies" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Kozak
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFAFFFBA0172FB7F135AFACC" box="[1083,1144,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Clearly, more data based on more individuals is needed in order to draw a firm conclusion as to taxonomic status of these two populations, and our treatment herein is a mere provisional hypothesis based on available information.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |