192 lines
21 KiB
XML
192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="EA94232F56C8068CAF4DCC3B0F90CAB0" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399EBFF500364F334F87FF71B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cephalophus rubidus Thomas 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="731" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="731" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="50C36F0F0C68AB2F7968762978C62B77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="16E8D3559EF93AB914E624D3D8FB2D99">
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<mods:title id="047322593F981B1CF0582F918A557085">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2B9E372CE33777AC360694DD2D913774" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="63A69C7C943056EAA484AEA2532851EC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="886D5B6F5B11DA3B474D0BDC3EC87F14" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D0FC8F8594FB9F94A439A4178150BE19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="85F3B151CB28F4F22EA2A77FC7F46D0F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B5B53164A36ED87E2A704BD16BEA3429">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E786830E6850F8E3333AA393B7E17F56">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="613B9D04CDCB5BC2D8BB16875BEEE49A" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="0DF4C63141995FF9AF3AE018CC731920">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D5A5FB8116BFAA2BE7F6EDBA4414AA28">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="584EF62CF75D4E46CA1F81F4767FD027">
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<mods:title id="A3D2214E0B6C1918DEAFBF989298698F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DBD2466368E9D420B00C5E32CF908DB0">
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<mods:classification id="D5208BEAE12824814C7840934C9C1343">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4243AF232A76E53CE9DCE87A832CF30F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3208394CF6562B5EBA108792D6C92D1F" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399EBFF500364F334F87FF71B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773229" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773229" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399EBFF500364F334F87FF71B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399EBFF500364F334F87FF71B" lastPageNumber="731" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500364F334FF29F369" box="[114,196,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500364F334FF29F369" blockId="160.[111,1215,3254,3381]" box="[114,196,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EBFF500364F334FF29F369" box="[114,196,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099EBFF500364F334FF29F369" box="[114,196,3254,3304]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="156.[100,130,3345,3370]" captionTargetBox="[13,2771,13,3637]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="On following pages: 259. Western White-bellied Duiker (Cephalophus leucogaster); 260. Uele White-bellied Duiker (Cephalophus arrhenii); 261. Red-flanked Duiker (Cephalophus rufilatus); 262. Natal Red Duiker (Cephalophus natalensis); 263. Harvey's Duiker (Cephalophus harveyi); 264. Black-fronted Duiker (Cephalophus nigrifrons); 265. ltombwe Duiker (Cephalophus hypoxanthus); 266. Rwenzori Duiker (Cephalophus rubidus); 267. Mount Elgon Duiker (Cephalophus fosteri); 268. Mount Kenya Duiker (Cephalophus hooki)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512973/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">266.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF5003C3F334FDD8F369" box="[213,565,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF5003C3F334FDD8F369" blockId="160.[111,1215,3254,3381]" box="[213,565,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EBFF5003C3F334FDD8F369" box="[213,565,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EBFF5003C3F334FDD8F369" box="[213,565,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Rwenzori Duiker</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500169F334FC19F369" box="[639,1012,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500169F334FC19F369" blockId="160.[111,1215,3254,3381]" box="[639,1012,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EBFF500169F334FC19F369" box="[639,1012,3254,3304]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500169F334FC19F369" ID-CoL="SDRR" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[639,1012,3254,3304]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubidus">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500169F334FC19F369" box="[639,1012,3254,3304]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Cephalophus rubidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500367F37BFDBCF2B4" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500367F37BFB53F28F" blockId="160.[111,1215,3254,3381]" box="[113,1214,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EBFF500367F37BFB53F28F" box="[113,1214,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500367F37BFF53F28F" bold="true" box="[113,190,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EBFF5003D1F37BFE2CF28F" box="[199,449,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Céphalophe du Rwenzori</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF5002C0F37BFDDCF28F" bold="true" box="[470,561,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EBFF50012DF37BFC9DF28F" box="[571,880,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Ruwenzori-Schwarzstirnducker</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500093F37BFC0DF28F" bold="true" box="[901,992,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EBFF5000FCF37BFBC4F28F" box="[1002,1065,3321,3342]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Duiker</vernacularName>
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del Ruwenzori
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500367F2A2FDBCF2B4" blockId="160.[111,1215,3254,3381]" box="[113,593,3360,3381]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EBFF500367F2A2FDBCF2B4" box="[113,593,3360,3381]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500367F2A2FE8AF2B4" bold="true" box="[113,359,3360,3381]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EBFF500267F2A2FDBCF2B4" box="[369,593,3360,3381]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Ruwenzori Red Duiker</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500366F2E5FD1BF205" box="[112,758,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500366F2E5FD1BF205" blockId="160.[111,1167,3431,3466]" box="[112,758,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500366F2E5FEE6F205" bold="true" box="[112,267,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF50020CF2E5FD1DF205" ID-CoL="SDRR" authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[282,752,3431,3460]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubidus">Cephalophus rubidus Thomas, 1901</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500017F2E5FB63F205" box="[769,1166,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500017F2E5FB63F205" blockId="160.[111,1167,3431,3466]" box="[769,1166,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899EBFF500017F2E5FB63F205" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198390" box="[769,1166,3431,3460]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Ruwenzori district, E. Africa.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF5004D9FE95F66FFDA2" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF5004D9FE95F66FFDA2" blockId="160.[1999,2588,279,705]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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Treated by some authors as a subspecies of C. mgrifrons (and formerly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500A86FEC1F819FE06" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">C. natalensis</taxonomicName>
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). This affinity with
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500A14FEE8F64DFE06" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1871" box="[2306,2464,362,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="774" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">C. nigrifrons</taxonomicName>
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is generally accepted, although genetic material extracted from a museum specimen tooth indicates an affinity with
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500A39FE59F64CFE7D" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[2351,2465,475,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="765" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ogilbyi">C. ogilbyi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500AA5FE59F808FDA2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weynsi">C. weynsi</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500B23FD80F73BFDA2" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[2101,2262,514,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="769" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="callipygus">C. callipygus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF5004D9FDA8F6A9FC91" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99EBFF5004D9FDA8F6A9FC91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512887/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" targetBox="[1381,1976,287,703]" targetPageId="160">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF5004D9FDA8F6A9FC91" blockId="160.[1999,2588,279,705]" lastBlockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF5004D9FDA8F792FDCA" bold="true" box="[1999,2175,554,587]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to the Rwenzori Mountains in W
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EBFF500BDFFDD7F6D4FDF3" box="[2249,2361,597,626]" name="Uganda" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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. Distribution is not believed to overlap with other duikers in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500B3BFD26F721FD40" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1871" box="[2093,2252,676,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">C. nigrifrons</taxonomicName>
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group as once thought; records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF500515FD4AF964FD68" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[1539,1673,712,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubidus">C. rubidus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EBFF5005F6FD4AF8A3FD68" box="[1760,1870,712,745]" name="Rwanda" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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likely refer to the Black-fronted Duiker subspecies (C. maigrifrons kivuensis); this latter species is absent from the Rwenzoris.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500671FC95F73BFADE" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500671FC95F73BFADE" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500671FC95F98DFCB9" bold="true" box="[1383,1632,791,824]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EBFF500401FC95F886FCB9" box="[1815,1899,791,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EBFF5004A4FC95F7E9FCB9" box="[1970,2052,791,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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, shoulder height
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EBFF500BEBFC95F6BFFCB9" box="[2301,2386,791,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EBFF500ADCFC95F5F9FCB9" box="[2506,2580,791,824]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" unit="kg" value="15.0">15 kg</quantity>
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. The rich rufous fur is thick, dense, and “slightly woolly” over most of the body; the hair on the neck is long and coarse. The underparts are much paler than the back, with a zone of gradual transition between the colors; the axillary and inguinal regions are white. An indistinct grayish-brown dorsal stripe is present from the neck to the base of the tail, created by a zone of red-tipped but basally gray hairs. Elsewhere on the body the underfur is white. The sides of the neck are particularly bright rufous, and the hairs on the neck do not show any reversal in growth patterns. The hindlegs are almost black in color (including the hocks); the forelegs are the same reddish color as the body, but possess dark brown markings at the joints, giving them a similar dark appearance. The tail is bushy and mostly black on the dorsal surface; the underside and tip are white. The head color is not significantly different from the rufous of the body, except for a black or dark brown blaze that stretches from muzzle to crown. The chin is bright white. The horns, presumably present in both sexes, measure 8-9 cm in length. Dental formulais10/3,C0/1,P 3/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500671FAECF71EF9CA" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500671FAECF71EF9CA" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500671FAECFA3BFA06" bold="true" box="[1383,1494,1390,1415]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Afro-alpine and subalpine zones in the Rwenzori Mountains, recorded at elevations of 1300-4200 m. The montane forest habitat is characterized by Hagenia woodland and bamboo zones at lower elevations. Dense herbaceous vegetation is avoided. The Rwenzori Duiker is reported to feed in boggy, densely overgrown, or wooded areas, but is sometimes seen in open meadows or on rocky slopes. It is often seen close to the snow line. Densities have been estimated at 5-22 ind/km®.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500671F9D3F670F918" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500671F9D3F670F918" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500671F9D3F99BF9F3" bold="true" box="[1383,1654,1617,1650]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species. Diet likely resembles that of the Black-fronted Duiker in the Rwandan mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF50067EF922F746F940" box="[1384,2219,1696,1729]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF50067EF922F746F940" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" box="[1384,2219,1696,1729]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF50067EF922FA03F940" bold="true" box="[1384,1518,1696,1729]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF500670F945F66DF8B6" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF500670F945F66DF8B6" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF500670F945F9B8F969" bold="true" box="[1382,1621,1735,1768]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Reported as primarily diurnal, but weather conditions (especially rain) may cause activity to shift to night. Activity patterns may thus vary with seasons. Foraging forays into open meadows typically occur around dawn and dusk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF50067EF8BFF808F82C" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF50067EF8BFF808F82C" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF50067EF8BFF7C4F8DF" bold="true" box="[1384,2089,1853,1886]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is little specific information available for this species. Believed to be territorial, with boundaries marked with feces. Presumably solitary like other similar duikers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF50067EF83AF633F7CA" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF50067EF83AF633F7CA" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF50067EF83AF925F854" bold="true" box="[1384,1736,1976,2005]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as C. nignfrons
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EBFF5006A7F85DF9FAF87D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[1457,1559,2015,2044]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubidus">rubidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Rwenzori Duiker was subjected to extreme hunting pressure from the 1960s to the 1990s, but now receives some protection within Rwenzori Mountains National Park. The total population is estimated to be a few thousand individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EBFF50067FF7DBF87FF71B" pageId="160" pageNumber="731" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EBFF50067FF7DBF87FF71B" blockId="160.[1380,2587,712,2202]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EBFF50067FF7DBF9EFF7F3" bold="true" box="[1385,1538,2137,2162]" pageId="160" pageNumber="731">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
East (1999), Grubb & Groves (2001), IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008h), Kingdon (1982, 1997), Thomas (1901), Wilson (1987, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |