189 lines
19 KiB
XML
189 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="A9C4925EBE639CD93457491703BE13BA" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399DBFF60037AFE80FB3BF8D8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Philantomba simpsoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="715" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D3CEDFAD7A43D8EE808079CC58D2BED0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3C223B655BA0284D85C8DBEC43BFFD6A">
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<mods:title id="7FD8C2978DC4A539FC81BCB93FE19487">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2E40EED11BA39C0A0ED03D25D9D5470F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="67A31A94495386A49CFDFE1BAA28902D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F11A8A5F28BDA0F6985F57C8FB13405E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0C26A86DABBB8EE6D2AB17247CF71FFC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D3EBCCFD4ACB111BEE15A4435CCF4A16">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="2BA277E9282F5D7167EE67EC07084141" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="7C58A67CE6E7ADD5A0686F3BADDE4BDF">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="9651B552B551BF54D14F52E99A11B046">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D511CA8701F0DB093E458C8A7C43864">
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<mods:title id="073401B23BF326C7E5853D1E0FA4B1D5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F3338CA647E8AF272293E893AD4570F6">
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<mods:classification id="4ED1ECF356A34CA16391C3B1195C74D7">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A116758DE04A0DA5A19347D5C2321981" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3FF7DF9FBEBBA0FCB2A03490F1DBD7E0" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399DBFF60037AFE80FB3BF8D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773163" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399DBFF60037AFE80FB3BF8D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399DBFF60037AFE80FB3BF8D8" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AFE80FF50FEB5" box="[108,189,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AFE80FF50FEB5" blockId="144.[105,1150,258,352]" box="[108,189,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF60037AFE80FF50FEB5" box="[108,189,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099DBFF60037AFE80FF50FEB5" box="[108,189,258,308]" captionStart="Plate 51: Bovidae" captionStartId="142.[106,136,3389,3414]" captionTargetBox="[14,2769,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="233. Western Blue Duiker (Philantomba congica), 234. Bioko Blue Duiker (Philantomba melanorhea), 235. Eastern Blue Duiker (Philantomba aequatorialis), 236. Mountain Blue Duiker (Philantomba lugens), 237. Simpson’s Blue Duiker (Philantomba simpsoni), 238. Malawi Blue Duiker (Philantomba hecki), 239. Zimbabwe Blue Duiker (Philantomba bicolor), 240. Cape Blue Duiker (Philantomba monticola), 241. Angolan Blue Duiker (Philantomba anchietae), 242. Zambian Blue Duiker (Philantomba defries)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512969/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">237.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6003D9FE80FD46FEB5" box="[207,683,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6003D9FE80FD46FEB5" blockId="144.[105,1150,258,352]" box="[207,683,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF6003D9FE80FD46FEB5" box="[207,683,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF6003D9FE80FD46FEB5" box="[207,683,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Simpson’s Blue Duiker</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001E6FE80FB90FEB5" box="[752,1149,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001E6FE80FB90FEB5" blockId="144.[105,1150,258,352]" box="[752,1149,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF6001E6FE80FB90FEB5" box="[752,1149,258,308]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF6001E6FE80FB90FEB5" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[752,1149,258,308]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001E6FE80FB90FEB5" box="[752,1149,258,308]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Philantomba simpsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037CFEC7FBB3FEDB" box="[106,1118,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037CFEC7FBB3FEDB" blockId="144.[105,1150,258,352]" box="[106,1118,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<heading id="D0AB016999DBFF60037CFEC7FBB3FEDB" box="[106,1118,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037CFEC7FF5AFEDB" bold="true" box="[106,183,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF6003D6FEC7FE59FEDB" box="[192,436,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Céphalophe de Simpson</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6002DFFEC7FDC9FEDB" bold="true" box="[457,548,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF600138FEC7FD16FEDB" box="[558,763,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Simpson-Blauducker</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF600006FEC7FC86FEDB" bold="true" box="[784,875,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99DBFF600063FEC7FC59FEDB" box="[885,948,325,346]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Duiker</vernacularName>
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azul de Simpson
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C7FE05FC89FE51" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C7FE05FC89FE51" blockId="144.[721,1308,391,817]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C7FE05FC83FE29" bold="true" box="[721,878,391,424]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600099FE05FCB2FE51" authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpson">Cephalophus simpson: Thomas, 1910</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF600078FE35FCDBFE79" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF600078FE35FCDBFE79" blockId="144.[721,1308,391,817]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899DBFF600078FE35FCDBFE79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198415" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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Lukenye Valley, South Central
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6001C4FE59FCDEFE79" box="[722,819,475,504]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Congo</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C7FE7FFB45FDC7" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C7FE7FFB45FDC7" blockId="144.[721,1308,391,817]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF6001C7FE7FFC8DFD9F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[721,864,509,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">P. simpsoni</taxonomicName>
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was formerly included as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600076FDA7FC10FDC7" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[864,1021,549,582]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C7FDCEFAE2FD15" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99DBFF6001C7FDCEFAE2FD15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512829/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" targetBox="[103,697,403,818]" targetPageId="144">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C7FDCEFAE2FD15" blockId="144.[721,1308,391,817]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C7FDCEFC6DFDEC" bold="true" box="[721,896,588,621]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF6000A8FDCEFBB6FDEC" box="[958,1115,588,621]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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(range confined by the
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599DBFF600094FDF1FC32FD15" box="[898,991,627,660]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Congo</collectingCountry>
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and the Kasai rivers).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF6001C7FD18FCEBFAB3" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF6001C7FD18FCEBFAB3" blockId="144.[721,1308,391,817]" lastBlockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF6001C7FD18FC3FFD3A" bold="true" box="[721,978,666,699]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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No specific measurements available, but head-body c.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF6007A1FD48FAF9FD62" box="[1207,1300,714,739]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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, tail c.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF60000CFD6BFC99FC8B" box="[794,884,745,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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; weight c.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF600716FD6BFBD2FC8B" box="[1024,1087,745,778]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="kg" value="5.0">5 kg</quantity>
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. Based on skull size, Simpson’s Blue Duiker is a relatively small member of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60013FFCBEFD21FCD8" box="[553,716,828,857]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Philantomba</taxonomicName>
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. The general appearance is of a reddish duiker: the head, neck, and body are reddish-brown, darkening to blackish-brown in a strip along the midline of the back. The underparts are white, and this pale coloration extends up the sides and blends gradually with the color of the flanks. The legs are rufous-brown; the inner surfaces are pale but not white. The haunches are redder than the body, and the transition between the darker dorsal area and the red hindlegs is poorly marked. The face has a dark brown blaze running from the muzzle to the top of the forehead. Bright rufous superciliary streaks are well defined at the periphery of the dark forehead. The underside of the jaw is white, blending to dull rufous at the throat. Spike-like horns are usually present in both sexes; they are occasionally lacking in females. Those of males are long for the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60000AFB44FC52FB62" box="[796,959,1222,1251]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Philantomba</taxonomicName>
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, averaging 4-4 cm; horns of females are proportionate to body size for blue duikers, averaging 2:
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099DBFF600744FB68FB43FA8A" box="[1106,1198,1258,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" unit="cm" value="74.0">74 cm</quantity>
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. Dental formulais10/3,C0/1,P 3/3, M 3/502) =32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037CFABAFB0FFAD8" box="[106,1250,1336,1369]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037CFABAFB0FFAD8" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" box="[106,1250,1336,1369]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037CFABAFF34FAD8" bold="true" box="[106,217,1336,1369]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forest. There is no specific information available for habitat preferences.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037CFAE2FE55FA51" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037CFAE2FE55FA51" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037CFAE2FE9DFA00" bold="true" box="[106,368,1376,1409]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but presumably frugivorous, like the Western Blue Duiker (PF. congica) and the Eastern Blue Duiker (P. aequatorialis).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037CFA54FC40FA76" box="[106,941,1494,1527]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037CFA54FC40FA76" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" box="[106,941,1494,1527]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037CFA54FF1DFA76" bold="true" box="[106,240,1494,1527]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037FFA7FFEBFF9C7" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037FFA7FFEBFF9C7" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037FFA7FFEBBF99F" bold="true" box="[105,342,1533,1566]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but presumably diurnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037CF9D2FB96F915" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037CF9D2FB96F915" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037CF9D2FCD5F9EC" bold="true" box="[106,824,1616,1645]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but probably similar to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60007FF9F1FBE6F915" box="[873,1035,1651,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Philantomba</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037DF919FB5BF8B3" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037DF919FB5BF8B3" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037DF919FE27F93D" bold="true" box="[107,458,1691,1724]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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CITES Appendix II (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600074F919FBEBF93D" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[866,1030,1691,1724]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (combined with the other nine blue duiker species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF60021CF96BFE47F88B" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[266,426,1769,1802]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex). There is no specific information available on the status of Simpson’s Blue Duiker. Hunting for bushmeat is likely a major threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99DBFF60037AF8C2FB3BF8D8" box="[108,1238,1856,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599DBFF60037AF8C2FB3BF8D8" blockId="144.[105,1310,828,1881]" box="[108,1238,1856,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799DBFF60037AF8C2FEE8F8D8" bold="true" box="[108,261,1856,1881]" pageId="144" pageNumber="715">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Grubb & Groves (2001), IUCN/SSC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699DBFF600184F8C2FC89F8D8" authority="Specialist" authorityName="Specialist" box="[658,868,1856,1881]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="144" pageNumber="715" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antelope Specialist</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (2008as), Lydekker (1914).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |