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<document id="3FFB11C6A2749E1C51BA2ADEFDD1C867" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F50713993BFF810676FC6DFEFAFDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ovis gmelini Blyth 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="684" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="683" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7FC5403CFFE898BB107EC913949E1501" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="28879E614D9BE77583C211AB519F1DE8">
<mods:title id="8E29950879D1720E21580B0CA1729856">Bovidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6237442FC1C459D3947622F00FAA4762" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4DC151B692A65C807ABDB2A5F9E51D81">
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<mods:namePart id="9E51F34845632F0EB3B85D8188B29315">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="241A03EA53530582D860975446F31813" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7AFAD56A28C1995B424B55E493831ADD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D60A45248F899725C49E93E1896D4A19">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4A84C27DC63ED7CE815F1B43DEA7B317">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E37EC8F07BD39D0559E2AF4CD251FEAF">2011</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="37D68AEDA73497AF3DFF588C88DE439C" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="F8D3D4E7BF89FD109D2EE5B9C66CC5E9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="EAC2272C812A234282541E2944C94CDC">
<mods:placeTerm id="807F872E19696D127B44A75EC2055BFC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="47F1FAA0714731DFE1937C113AC3E966">
<mods:title id="FCDA8E2E668A4C88071C03C4B67F3F2C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="7DF880566CD81A38AFC99DF4ED89D727">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2C58588FF970A59B391A5AAB758E3A6B" type="CLB-Dataset">58516</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F50713993BFF810676FC6DFEFAFDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F50713993BFF810676FC6DFEFAFDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F50713993BFF810676FC6DFEFAFDC7" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="684" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800676FC6DFA5DFB9C" box="[1376,1456,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800676FC6DFA5DFB9C" blockId="112.[1372,2286,1007,1132]" box="[1376,1456,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<heading id="D0AB0169993BFF800676FC6DFA5DFB9C" box="[1376,1456,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<figureCitation id="1367AA80993BFF800676FC6DFA5DFB9C" box="[1376,1456,1007,1053]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="112.[105,135,3386,3411]" captionTargetBox="[13,2761,12,3635]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="On following pages: 189. Isfahan Sheep (Ovis isphahanica); 190. Laristan Sheep (Ovis laristanica); 191. Ladakh Urial (Ovis vignei); 192. Punjab Urial (Ovis punjabiensis); 193. Bukhara Urial (Ovis bochariensis); 194. Arabian Wild Sheep (Ovis arabica); 195. Afghan Urial (Ovis cycloceros)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512957/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">188.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF8006A8FC6DF8F4FB9C" box="[1470,1817,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF8006A8FC6DF8F4FB9C" blockId="112.[1372,2286,1007,1132]" box="[1470,1817,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<heading id="D0AB0169993BFF8006A8FC6DF8F4FB9C" box="[1470,1817,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF8006A8FC6DF8F4FB9C" box="[1470,1817,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Anatolian Sheep</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800477FC6DF7D7FB9C" box="[1889,2106,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800477FC6DF7D7FB9C" blockId="112.[1372,2286,1007,1132]" box="[1889,2106,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<heading id="D0AB0169993BFF800477FC6DF7D7FB9C" box="[1889,2106,1007,1053]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800477FC6DF7D7FB9C" authority="Blyth, 1841" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1841" box="[1889,2106,1007,1053]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gmelini">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800477FC6DF7D7FB9C" box="[1889,2106,1007,1053]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Ovis gmelini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF80064BFBACF76AFBEA" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80064BFBACF700FBC2" blockId="112.[1372,2286,1007,1132]" box="[1373,2285,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<heading id="D0AB0169993BFF80064BFBACF700FBC2" box="[1373,2285,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80064BFBACFA47FBC2" bold="true" box="[1373,1450,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF8006A2FBACF999FBC2" box="[1460,1652,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Mouflon d’Arménie</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80059FFBACF909FBC2" bold="true" box="[1673,1764,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF8005FBFBACF855FBC2" box="[1773,1976,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Armenien-Wildschaf</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF8004DAFBACF7C5FBC2" bold="true" box="[1996,2088,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF800B24FBACF79BFBC2" box="[2098,2166,1070,1091]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Muflén</vernacularName>
de
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800B88FBACF700FBC2" box="[2206,2285,1070,1091]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80064BFBD4F76AFBEA" blockId="112.[1372,2286,1007,1132]" box="[1373,2183,1110,1131]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<heading id="D0AB0169993BFF80064BFBD4F76AFBEA" box="[1373,2183,1110,1131]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80064BFBD4F9BEFBEA" bold="true" box="[1373,1619,1110,1131]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF80054DFBD4F8DAFBEA" box="[1627,1847,1110,1131]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Armenian Wild Sheep</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="055FC62B993BFF800453FBD4F76AFBEA" box="[1861,2183,1110,1131]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Red Sheep; Mouflon (feral form)</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF8004D2FB15F5E6FB39" box="[1988,2571,1175,1208]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF8004D2FB15F5E6FB39" blockId="112.[1987,2574,1175,1601]" box="[1988,2571,1175,1208]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF8004D2FB15F7B3FB39" bold="true" box="[1988,2142,1175,1208]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800B95FB15F5EBFB39" authority="Blyth, 1841" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1841" box="[2179,2566,1175,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gmelini">Ovis gmelini Blyth, 1841</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF8004D3FB41F698FB61" box="[1989,2421,1219,1248]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF8004D3FB41F698FB61" blockId="112.[1987,2574,1175,1601]" box="[1989,2421,1219,1248]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<materialsCitation id="3B34BC58993BFF8004D3FB41F698FB61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198360" box="[1989,2421,1219,1248]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
Erzerum,
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800B58FB41F707FB61" box="[2126,2282,1219,1248]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800BE9FB41F68AFB61" box="[2303,2407,1219,1248]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Turkey</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF8004D3FB64F643F961" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF8004D3FB64F643F961" blockId="112.[1987,2574,1175,1601]" lastBlockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
Sheep taxonomy is controversial; the Anatolian Sheep, the
<collectingRegion id="499878E7993BFF800A10FA8FF686FAAF" box="[2310,2411,1293,1326]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Isfahan</collectingRegion>
Sheep (O. isphahanica), and the Laristan Sheep (O. laristanica) were usually formerly classified as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800BE0FA01F67FFA25" box="[2294,2450,1411,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">O. orientalis</taxonomicName>
, a classification also adopted by IUCN. However, the name
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800B76FA50F73EFA72" box="[2144,2259,1490,1523]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">orientalis</taxonomicName>
is based on a hybrid population and is not useable. There is a hybrid zone in the central
<collectingRegion id="499878E7993BFF800A5EF9A2FA73F9E8" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Alborz Mountains</collectingRegion>
of north-central
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF80059BF9CAF928F9E8" box="[1677,1733,1608,1641]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
where Anatolian Sheep and Afghan Urials (O. cycloceros) are sympatric. This has been verified by chromosomal and molecular genetic studies. It is probably the species from which domestic sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800B3FF915F779F939" box="[2089,2196,1687,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aries">O. aries</taxonomicName>
), as well as the feral sheep known as “Mouflon” on
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8005A2F945F8FBF961" box="[1716,1814,1735,1760]" name="Cyprus" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800431F945F862F961" box="[1831,1935,1735,1760]" name="France" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Corsica</collectingCountry>
, and Sardinia, are derived. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF80064BF964F609F8D4" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF23E68D993BFF80064BF964F609F8D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512730/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" targetBox="[1371,1965,1183,1599]" targetPageId="112">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80064BF964F609F8D4" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80064BF964F9E0F886" bold="true" box="[1373,1549,1766,1799]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Distribution.</emphasis>
SC &amp; E
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800596F964F90DF886" box="[1664,1760,1766,1799]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, N
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800419F964F8A4F886" box="[1807,1865,1766,1799]" name="Iraq" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, S
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800466F964F800F886" box="[1904,2029,1766,1799]" name="Armenia" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Armenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8004ECF964F762F886" box="[2042,2191,1766,1799]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="499878E7993BFF800BB0F964F6A3F886" box="[2214,2382,1766,1799]" country="Azerbaijan" name="Naxcivan" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Nakhchivan</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Republic), N
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF80050FF897F98EF8AF" box="[1561,1635,1813,1838]" name="Israel" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Israel</collectingCountry>
(Mt Carmel), and NW
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8004B1F897F836F8AF" box="[1959,2011,1813,1838]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
;its distribution boundaries in
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800A9AF897F628F8AF" box="[2444,2501,1813,1838]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
have not been fully determined. Introduced on Kabudan I in Lake Urumiyeh, NW
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800AB2F8B6F60DF8D4" box="[2468,2528,1844,1877]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF80064BF8E2F7DBF736" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80064BF8E2F7DBF736" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80064BF8E2F9B9F8FC" bold="true" box="[1373,1620,1888,1917]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 128-140 cm (males) and 124-128 cm (females), tail 11-13 cm (males) and 11-12 em (females), shoulder height 83-91 cm, hindfoot 37-40 cm (males) and 34-37 cm (females); weight 55-67 kg (males) and 35-45 kg (females). Females are hornless. Males lack a bib and have a dark ruff extending from the front of the lower neck to the chest. A white saddle patch that often extends to the middorsal area is present. There can be a dark line separating the white undersides from the body coloration. Body color of males and females is a shade of brown. The lower portions of the legs are white. Male horns grow upward and curve back over the neck (supracervical). Diploid chromosome number is 54.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800648F73FF987F6AF" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800648F73FF987F6AF" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800648F73FFA20F75F" bold="true" box="[1374,1485,2237,2270]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Habitat.</emphasis>
Anatolian Sheep occur in dissected mountain foothills, montane habitats, and undulating steppe. In agricultural areas, they principally occur in adjacent,steeper, rougher terrain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800648F6B1F6A0F622" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800648F6B1F6A0F622" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800648F6B1F98DF6D5" bold="true" box="[1374,1632,2355,2388]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Like other wild sheep, they are principally grazers, with graminoids comprising the largest percentage of their diets. They also feed in cultivated fields, where wheat can be a major seasonal regional component of their diets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800648F62CF889F5E9" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800648F62CF889F5E9" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800648F62CFA09F64A" bold="true" box="[1374,1508,2478,2507]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Breeding.</emphasis>
Mating occurs principally in December, and lambs, singletons or twins, are born in May. Gestation lasts 150-160 days. Newborn lambs weigh approximately
<quantity id="4CA41BE0993BFF800ADAF652F5E5F670" box="[2508,2568,2512,2545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" unit="kg" value="3.0">3 kg</quantity>
. Males seek estrous ewes over a wide area and individual dominant rams guard individual estrous ewes from other rams, but will mate with several ewes during a mating season. Copulations last 2-3 seconds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF80064BF5ECF701F537" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80064BF5ECF701F537" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF80064BF5ECF9A5F50E" bold="true" box="[1373,1608,2670,2703]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Anatolian Sheep are crepuscular, tending to feed early in the morning and in the evening, and resting during the middle of the day.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF800648F53EF66BF471" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF800648F53EF66BF471" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800648F53EF7F8F55C" bold="true" box="[1374,2069,2748,2781]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Detailed studies have not been conducted. Males establish social hierarchies in which larger-bodied, longer-horned individual are dominant over younger, smaller, rams. Aggressive interactions may entail several non-violent displays such as the front kick, in which the front leg is lifted toward the opponent, and the head twist, in which the head is rotated sharply right or left. Older rams do not disturb non-estrous ewes during the mating season, but younger rams can be aggressive toward ewes even if they are not in estrus. Older rams occur in stable social groups and prevent younger rams from participating in the rut.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993BFF810649F479FCBFFE29" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="684" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF810649F479FCBFFE29" blockId="112.[1373,2575,1608,3293]" lastBlockId="113.[205,1406,273,582]" lastPageId="113" lastPageNumber="684" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993BFF800649F479F925F399" bold="true" box="[1375,1736,3067,3096]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
CITES Appendix 1 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800B20F479F73AF399" box="[2102,2263,3067,3096]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">O. orientalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800BF1F479F6AFF399" box="[2279,2370,3067,3096]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophion">ophion</taxonomicName>
). Classified as Vulnerable on the The IUCN Red List (as O.
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF8004C0F39CF7B4F3BE" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1841" box="[2006,2137,3102,3135]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="730" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gmelini">o. gmelini</taxonomicName>
). Populations of the Anatolian Sheep in
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8006F1F3C7F9CFF3E7" box="[1511,1570,3141,3174]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800525F3C7F97EF3E7" box="[1587,1683,3141,3174]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8005F2F3C7F8F1F3E7" box="[1764,1820,3141,3174]" name="Iraq" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iraq</collectingCountry>
are disjunct and have decreased, but census data are not available. The largest populations in
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF8004B7F3EFF7EFF30F" box="[1953,2050,3181,3214]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800B5AF3EFF769F30F" box="[2124,2180,3181,3214]" name="Iran" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Iran</collectingCountry>
are in protected areas. The population in the Bozdag Wildlife Protected Area in south-central
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993BFF800A33F316F66BF334" box="[2341,2438,3220,3253]" name="Turkey" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Turkey</collectingCountry>
numbers about 600, a major increase from the less than 40 remaining when the reserve was established. Sheep on Kabudan Island probably number over 1500.
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993AFF81079BFE93FB32FEB3" box="[1165,1247,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="113" pageNumber="684" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Major</taxonomicName>
threats are competition with domestic livestock, transmission of disease from domestic livestock, and illegal hunting. Wild sheep in
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695993AFF8101A4FEE6FD06FE00" box="[690,747,356,385]" name="Iran" pageId="113" pageNumber="684">Iran</collectingCountry>
are parasitized by 25 species of gastrointestinal nematodes that are shared by domestic sheep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF23E68D993BFF80037FF2B8FD31F2FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512957" captionStart="46" captionText="187. Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), 188. Anatolian Sheep (Ouis gmelina), 189. Isfahan Sheep (Ovis isphahanica), 190. Laristan Sheep (Owis laristanica), 191. Ladakh Urial (Owis vignei), 192. Punjab Urial (Ouvis punjabiensis), 193. Bukhara Unial (Owis bochariensis), 194. Arabian Wild Sheep (Ouus arabica), 195. Afghan Urial (Owis cycloceros)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512957/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" startId="112.[105,135,3386,3411]" targetBox="[13,2761,12,3635]" targetPageId="111">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993BFF80037FF2B8FD31F2FD" blockId="112.[103,2564,3386,3454]" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">
On following pages: 189.
<collectingRegion id="499878E7993BFF800293F2B8FE3CF2D2" box="[389,465,3386,3411]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Isfahan</collectingRegion>
Sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800139F2B8FDB2F2D2" box="[559,607,3386,3411]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
isphahanica); 190. Laristan Sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF8000F3F2B8FBF8F2D2" box="[997,1045,3386,3411]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
laristanica); 191. Ladakh Urial (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF80067DF2B8FA76F2D2" box="[1387,1435,3386,3411]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF8006B3F2B8FA09F2D2" box="[1445,1508,3386,3411]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Owis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vignei">vignei</taxonomicName>
); 192.
<collectingRegion id="499878E7993BFF800527F2B8F995F2D2" box="[1585,1656,3386,3411]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="112" pageNumber="683">Punjab</collectingRegion>
Urial (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF8005D7F2B8F91CF2D2" box="[1729,1777,3386,3411]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
punjabiensis); 193. Bukhara Urial (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800B7BF2B8F770F2D2" box="[2157,2205,3386,3411]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
bochariensis); 194. Arabian Wild Sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF8003ABF2E1FF00F2FD" box="[189,237,3427,3452]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
arabica); 195. Afghan Urial (
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD86993BFF800132F2E1FDB9F2FD" box="[548,596,3427,3452]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="112" pageNumber="683" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
cycloceros).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C346E58E993AFF8103D9FE34FEFAFDC7" pageId="113" pageNumber="684" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE3B605993AFF8103D9FE34FEFAFDC7" blockId="113.[205,1406,273,582]" pageId="113" pageNumber="684">
<emphasis id="B9286A17993AFF8103D9FE34FE85FE4E" bold="true" box="[207,360,438,463]" pageId="113" pageNumber="684">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott (1966), Eslami et al. (1979), Groves &amp; Grubb (2011), Grubb (2005), Kaya et al. (2004), Kence &amp; Tarhan (1997), Shackleton (1997a, 1997b), Valdez (1982, 2008b), Valdez, Alamia et al. (1977), Valdez, Cardenas &amp; Sanchez (1991), Valdez, Nadler &amp; Bunch (1978), Weinberg et al. (1997), Ziaie (1997).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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