treatments-xml/data/03/F0/87/03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893.xml

<document id="2D500B9905E49FEA73C3949E6AEDDD56" ID-CLB-Dataset="21552" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4808.2.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="711a9580-5001-45c4-a403-7d382204da6b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3933464" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594124828010" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kelly, Michelle &amp; Goudie, Lisa" docDate="2020" docId="03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4808.2.13.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4808 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Strongylodesma australiense Kelly &amp; Goudie 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="FFC9FFEFFFB3FFCEFFE36D67FF95FFA7" masterDocTitle="Bridging the gap: first record of sponge genus Strongylodesma in Australian waters" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="397" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1698843042241" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="776FCECF8A166F3F12F544FD23F0EA9D">Bridging the gap: first record of sponge genus Strongylodesma in Australian waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A80C4108B3DEE50F6B2B293FF2EB5FC">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4D32FA5BF81E379159DFC0C13CE114CE">Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. michelle. kelly @ niwa. co. nz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9673 - 0056</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="249327952D040079C19C32DBF2474B2D">Goudie, Lisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E5B1137AFFD171AC6ECB28505BA26BFD">1 Moor St, Sandringham, Victoria 3191, Australia. goudielj @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2569 - 8903 Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="EFCCEF9DE612763983F37A1306BE23CF">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4324227" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164971303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4324227" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57C54719-52A3-454E-9C51-302E6503416E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<subSubSection id="C343650AFFB3FFCEFF7468EBFC1DFA6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF7468EBFCB7FA01" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" box="[151,802,1420,1447]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<heading id="D0AE81EDFFB3FFCEFF7468EBFCB7FA01" bold="true" box="[151,802,1420,1447]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF7468EBFCB7FA01" bold="true" box="[151,802,1420,1447]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB3FFCEFF7468EBFE66FA00" ID-CoL="86XBM" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,499,1420,1447]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF7468EBFE66FA00" bold="true" box="[151,499,1420,1447]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Strongylodesma australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB3FFCEFE1968EAFDCDFA00" box="[506,600,1421,1447]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFD8A68EBFD25FA01" box="[617,688,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6DB033AFFB3FFCEFD5D68EAFC8DFA01" box="[702,792,1420,1447]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,838,862]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov. to other known species (from Samaai et al. 2009), given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20–30. *denotes that the mean given is from the two specimens listed in Table 1 of Samaai et al. 2009." pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF7468D5FC1DFA6D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" box="[151,904,1458,1482]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C343650AFFB3FFCEFF7468B1FBD3F992" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF7468B1FDDEF9B5" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF7468B1FEE3FA49" bold="true" box="[151,374,1494,1518]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B313CDCFFB3FFCEFE9E68B1FDDEF9B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805030303" collectingDate="1994-07" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="Rob Capon" country="Australia" elevation="18" latitude="-35.668" location="Wasp Island" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="150.308" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="NMVF246384" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E28823FFB3FFCEFE9E68B1FE75FA49" box="[381,480,1494,1518]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBFF9EFAFFB3FFCEFE0468B1FD13FA49" box="[487,646,1494,1518]" collectionCode="NMVF" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">NMVF246384</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8E86605AFFB3FFCEFD7268B1FC82FA49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893:8E86605AFFB3FFCEFD7268B1FC82FA49" box="[657,791,1494,1518]" country="Australia" latitude="-35.668" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="150.308" name="Wasp Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="New South Wales">Wasp Island</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499DF863FFB3FFCEFCC168B1FC76FA49" box="[802,995,1494,1518]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34E7611FFB3FFCEFC0F68B1FBC4FA49" box="[1004,1105,1494,1518]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5046FFB3FFCEFBBF68B1FB52FA49" box="[1116,1223,1494,1518]" degrees="35.668" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="55" value="-35.668">35.668° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D5046FFB3FFCEFB3068B1FADAFA4A" box="[1235,1359,1494,1518]" degrees="150.308" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" precision="55" value="150.308">150.308° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFAB968B1FF3BF9B6" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="0074D1B2FFB3FFCEFAB968B1FF3BF9B6" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26AC5357FFB3FFCEFF0C689DFEFFF9B5" box="[239,362,1530,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Rob Capon</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED48AE44FFB3FFCEFE96689DFE44F9B5" box="[373,465,1530,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, 
<date id="FFE71041FFB3FFCEFE38689DFDD2F9B5" box="[475,583,1530,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" value="1994-07">
<collectingDate id="EFA3E9A9FFB3FFCEFE38689DFDD2F9B5" box="[475,583,1530,1554]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246B79FBD3F992" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" box="[199,1094,1566,1590]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<materialsCitation id="3B313CDCFFB3FFCEFF246B79FBD3F992" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805030301" box="[199,1094,1566,1590]" country="Australia" elevation="18" location="Wasp Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E28823FFB3FFCEFF246B79FF6AF991" box="[199,255,1566,1590]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Type</typeStatus>
location &amp; distribution.
</emphasis>
<location id="8E86605AFFB3FFCEFDFB6B79FD08F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F08797FFB3FFCCFF7468EBFD06F893:8E86605AFFB3FFCEFDFB6B79FD08F991" box="[536,669,1566,1590]" country="Australia" name="Wasp Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="New South Wales">Wasp Island</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499DF863FFB3FFCEFD4B6B79FCFDF991" box="[680,872,1566,1590]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34E7611FFB3FFCEFC926B79FC43F991" box="[881,982,1566,1590]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFC036B79FBD7F992" box="[992,1090,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="0074D1B2FFB3FFCEFC036B79FBD7F992" box="[992,1090,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</elevation>
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.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343650AFFB3FFCEFF246B25FB8CF83A" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246B25FCA2F905" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF246B25FEC7F9FD" bold="true" box="[199,338,1602,1626]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E28823FFB3FFCEFEBA6B25FE29F9FD" box="[345,444,1602,1626]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
irregularly hemispherical in life with a single, flush, oscule visible, and a low mounded surface that suggests the porefields in life: 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFDDC6B01FD1DF9DA" box="[575,648,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFD286B01FC95F9DA" box="[715,768,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFCAB6B01FC04F9DA" box="[840,913,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
thick. Texture firm, compressible. Colour in life, dark reddish brown, purple brown in preservative (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFD556BEDFCBFF905" box="[694,810,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246BC9FCCAF8A9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF246BC9FEA5F961" bold="true" box="[199,304,1710,1734]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton a mass of strongyles orientated paratangentially, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFBF66BC9FB08F961" box="[1045,1181,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="260.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="220.0">220–300 µm</quantity>
deep, with a thin, clear, collagenous region below (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFE5B6BB5FD87F94D" box="[440,530,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
). The choanosome contains massive primary tracts, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFBDC6BB5FB52F94D" box="[1087,1223,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="260.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="120.0">120–400 µm</quantity>
diameter (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFAD96BB5FA1BF94D" box="[1338,1422,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1N</figureCitation>
), between which lie interstitial strongyles in loose groups (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFD1A6B91FCC7F8A9" box="[761,850,1782,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246A7DFAD1F8DD" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF246A7DFEB9F895" bold="true" box="[199,300,1818,1842]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFE266A7DFD95F895" box="[453,512,1818,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–L; 
<tableCitation id="C6DB033AFFB3FFCEFDA26A7DFD1BF895" box="[577,654,1818,1842]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,838,862]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov. to other known species (from Samaai et al. 2009), given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20–30. *denotes that the mean given is from the two specimens listed in Table 1 of Samaai et al. 2009." pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Table 1</tableCitation>
) are strongyles, larger spicules slightly sinuously curved, slightly thinner at one end (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFEF26A59FEDEF8F1" box="[273,331,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–E), smaller spicules sharply bent proximally (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFCAD6A59FC2EF8F1" box="[846,955,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1F, G</figureCitation>
), with faint tylote (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFB676A59FA9CF8F1" box="[1156,1289,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1C, E, J</figureCitation>
), centrotylote (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFF7C6A05FF65F8DD" box="[159,240,1890,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
), and ‘shepherd’s crook’ (
<figureCitation id="13622A04FFB3FFCEFDE56A05FDE5F8DD" box="[518,624,1890,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[224,1363,180,1810]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov., holotype NMVF246384: B. Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); C.–G. Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; H. ‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; I. Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; J. Pseudotylote modification; K. Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; L. Centrotylote modification; M. Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; N. Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1H, I</figureCitation>
) modifications: 398 (230–539) µm long, 8 (5–12) µm wide, n = 30.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246AE1FB8CF83A" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" box="[199,1049,1926,1950]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF246AE1FDCBF839" bold="true" box="[199,606,1926,1950]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
Attached to a silted rocky reef, 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB3FFCEFC506AE1FB80F83A" box="[947,1045,1926,1950]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
15– 
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD08FFB3FFCEFC396AE1FB80F83A" box="[986,1045,1926,1950]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343650AFFB3FFCEFF246ACDFC62F865" box="[199,1015,1962,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB3FFCEFF246ACDFC62F865" blockId="0.[151,1437,1420,1986]" box="[199,1015,1962,1986]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB3FFCEFF246ACDFEDDF865" bold="true" box="[199,328,1962,1986]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the first record of the genus in the Australian region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF266609FFB2FFCFFF746A49FC8FF85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3933466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3933466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3933466/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" startId="1.[151,244,1838,1860]" targetBox="[224,1363,180,1810]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB2FFCFFF746A49FC8FF85F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1838,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFF746A49FE9AF8E4" bold="true" box="[151,271,1838,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB2FFCFFEF56A49FDB8F8E4" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[278,557,1838,1859]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFEF56A49FDB8F8E4" box="[278,557,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Strongylodesma australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFDD66A48FD11F8E3" bold="true" box="[565,644,1839,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB2FFCFFDD66A48FD11F8E3" box="[565,644,1839,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NMVF246384: 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFC696A48FC35F8E3" bold="true" box="[906,928,1839,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">B.</emphasis>
Close view showing porefield mounds (lower half) and flush oscule (arrow); 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFE686A35FE5DF8CF" bold="true" box="[395,456,1874,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">C.–G.</emphasis>
Range of megascleres showing irregular thickening and slightly sinuous curves in the shorter spicules in F. and G.; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFEFA6A10FEA7F82B" bold="true" box="[281,306,1911,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">H.</emphasis>
‘Shepherd’s crook’ modification; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFD9C6A10FD1BF82B" bold="true" box="[639,654,1911,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">I.</emphasis>
Undeveloped ‘shepherd’s crook’ modification; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFBBC6A10FBE4F82B" bold="true" box="[1119,1137,1911,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">J.</emphasis>
Pseudotylote modification; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFA676A10FA08F82B" bold="true" box="[1412,1437,1911,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">K.</emphasis>
Bifurcate proximal end of megasclere; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFDEF6AFCFDB7F817" bold="true" box="[524,546,1947,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">L.</emphasis>
Centrotylote modification; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFCCF6AFCFCDDF817" bold="true" box="[812,840,1947,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">M.</emphasis>
Hand-section showing thick ectosome of confused to paratangential megascleres, with a thin, clear collagenous layer beneath (arrow), and choanosome with paratangential interstitial megascleres; 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB2FFCFFF746A84FF3AF85F" bold="true" box="[151,175,2019,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">N.</emphasis>
Hand-section showing massive primary tract beneath ectosome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C343650AFFB1FFCCFF246DFDFD06F893" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF246DFDFA12FEC2" blockId="2.[151,1437,154,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF246DFDFEA3FF15" bold="true" box="[199,310,154,178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
As for all 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFE486DFDFDC3FF15" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[427,598,154,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFE486DFDFDC3FF15" box="[427,598,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD5A6DFDFCC3FF15" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[697,854,154,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD5A6DFDFCC3FF15" box="[697,854,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFCBD6DFDFC20FF15" bold="true" box="[862,949,154,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFCBD6DFDFC20FF15" box="[862,949,154,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses strongyles with ‘shepherd’s crook’ modifications, a diagnostic character for the genus. These modifications also occur in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFB4B6DD9FACEFF72" authority="Topsent" authorityName="Topsent" box="[1192,1371,190,214]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Batzella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFB4B6DD9FB6AFF71" box="[1192,1279,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Batzella</emphasis>
Topsent
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFA896DD9FE80FF5D" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFEFC6D85FD9BFF5D" authority="Carter" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[287,526,226,250]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae Carter</taxonomicName>
), which have strongyles of a similar length to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFBB76D85FB6AFF5D" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[1108,1279,226,250]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFBB76D85FB6AFF5D" box="[1108,1279,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but in the former, there is no special ectosome and the choanosomal skeleton is plumose. Moreover, the discovery of the pyrroloquinoline alkaloid Damirone A (compound 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFD8B6C4DFD0BFEE5" box="[616,670,298,322]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFD406C4DFCEDFEE5" author="Antunes, E. M. &amp; Copp, B. R. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M. &amp; Samaai, T." box="[675,888,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="62 - 72" refId="ref1782" refString="Antunes, E. M., Copp, B. R., Davies-Coleman, M., Samaai, T. (2005) Pyrroloiminoquinone and related metabolites from marine sponges. Natural Products Report, 22, 62 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / b 407299 p" type="journal article" year="2005">
Antunes 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFCE06C4CFCA7FEE5" box="[771,818,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), in the 
<typeStatus id="54E28823FFB1FFCCFC2E6C4DFBBFFEE5" box="[973,1066,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFBAD6C4DFB7EFEE5" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[1102,1259,298,322]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFBAD6C4DFB7EFEE5" box="[1102,1259,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFB116C4DFAD2FEE5" bold="true" box="[1266,1351,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFB116C4DFAD2FEE5" box="[1266,1351,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(R. Capon, pers. comm.), strongly supports assignment of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD236C29FCC8FEC1" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[704,861,334,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD236C29FCC8FEC1" box="[704,861,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFC876C29FC2FFEC1" bold="true" box="[868,954,334,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFC876C29FC2FFEC1" box="[868,954,334,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFC386C29FB13FEC1" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[987,1158,334,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFC386C29FB13FEC1" box="[987,1158,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rather than to 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFACB6C29FAEAFEC1" box="[1320,1407,334,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Batzella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFACB6C29FAEAFEC1" box="[1320,1407,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Batzella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF246C15FCEBFDC5" blockId="2.[151,1437,154,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
Megasclere dimensions, ectosome thickness and choanosome structure are the primary differentiating characters for 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF746CF1FED7FE09" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,322,406,430]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF746CF1FED7FE09" box="[151,322,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The South African species 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD206CF1FCC9FE09" box="[707,860,406,430]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD206CF1FCC9FE09" box="[707,860,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFC046CF1FB11FE09" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[999,1156,406,430]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFC046CF1FB11FE09" box="[999,1156,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFB686CF1FB74FE09" bold="true" box="[1163,1249,406,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFB686CF1FB74FE09" box="[1163,1249,406,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in possessing the longest strongyles in the genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFE106CDDFD18FE75" box="[499,653,442,466]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFE106CDDFD18FE75" box="[499,653,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFD306CDDFCB3FE75" box="[723,806,442,466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="590.0">590 µm</quantity>
long; 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFC886CDDFB9CFE75" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[875,1033,442,466]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFC886CDDFB9CFE75" box="[875,1033,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFBF36CDDFBF2FE75" bold="true" box="[1040,1127,442,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFBF36CDDFBF2FE75" box="[1040,1127,442,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
up to 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFB4F6CDDFB6AFE75" box="[1196,1279,442,466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.39" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="539.0">539 µm</quantity>
long; 
<tableCitation id="C6DB033AFFB1FFCCFAA76CDDFA07FE75" box="[1348,1426,442,466]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,838,862]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov. to other known species (from Samaai et al. 2009), given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20–30. *denotes that the mean given is from the two specimens listed in Table 1 of Samaai et al. 2009." pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Table 1</tableCitation>
) but those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFEFD6CB9FE2DFE51" box="[286,440,478,502]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFEFD6CB9FE2DFE51" box="[286,440,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are much longer overall (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD336CB9FCFEFE51" box="[720,875,478,502]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD336CB9FCFEFE51" box="[720,875,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean length 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFC1D6CB9FBC0FE51" box="[1022,1109,478,502]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="428.0">428 µm</quantity>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFB836CB9FB68FE51" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[1120,1277,478,502]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFB836CB9FB68FE51" box="[1120,1277,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFAE66CB9FACEFE51" bold="true" box="[1285,1371,478,502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFAE66CB9FACEFE51" box="[1285,1371,478,502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
mean length 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFF026F65FEACFDBD" box="[225,313,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="398.0">398 µm</quantity>
). Both species possess large internal tracts that are about the same thickness, but those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFAE26F65FA09FDBD" box="[1281,1436,514,538]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFAE26F65FA09FDBD" box="[1281,1436,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are thicker (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFEF96F41FE20FD99" box="[282,437,550,574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFEF96F41FE20FD99" box="[282,437,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFE1F6F41FDC6FD99" box="[508,595,550,574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="490.0">490 µm</quantity>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD836F41FD68FD99" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[608,765,550,574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD836F41FD68FD99" box="[608,765,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFCE66F41FCC9FD99" bold="true" box="[773,860,550,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFCE66F41FCC9FD99" box="[773,860,550,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
up to 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFC406F41FC62FD99" box="[931,1015,550,574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
thick) and form a notable, convoluted, honey-comb structure visible to the unaided eye (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFD456F2DFCE7FDC5" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Keyzers, R. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M." box="[678,882,586,610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref2025" refString="Samaai, T., Keyzers, R., Davies-Coleman, M. (2004) A new species of Strongylodesma Levi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 584 (1), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 584.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
Samaai 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD1F6F2CFCBEFDC5" box="[764,811,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF246F09FF68FCB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,154,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF246F09FE7FFD22" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2009" box="[199,490,622,646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tongaensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF246F09FE7FFD22" box="[199,490,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma tongaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B313CDCFFB1FFCCFE136F09FEE8FD55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805030302" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Palau" location="Palau" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
also has massive internal tracts but much smaller strongyles (mean length 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFB1C6F09FAC6FD21" box="[1279,1363,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="295.0">295 µm</quantity>
, maximum length 
<quantity id="4CA19B64FFB1FFCCFEF86FF5FEE4FD0D" box="[283,369,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 µm</quantity>
); all other species have much smaller spicules (see 
<tableCitation id="C6DB033AFFB1FFCCFC6B6FF5FC40FD0D" box="[904,981,658,682]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,838,862]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Strongylodesma australiense sp. nov. to other known species (from Samaai et al. 2009), given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20–30. *denotes that the mean given is from the two specimens listed in Table 1 of Samaai et al. 2009." pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Table 1</tableCitation>
), thin ectosomes and insubstantial choanosomal tracts by comparison. Note that citing an accessioned 
<typeStatus id="54E28823FFB1FFCCFCF66FD1FCE4FD69" box="[789,881,694,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED48AE44FFB1FFCCFC9D6FD1FC45FD69" box="[894,976,694,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">BMNH</collectionCode>
2003.4.10.1) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFB6B6FD1FF6AFD55" authority="in Samaai et al. (2009)" authorityName="in Samaai" authorityYear="2009" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tongaensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFB6B6FD1FA81FD6A" box="[1160,1300,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">S. tongaensis</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFAD66FD1FF6AFD55" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">
Samaai 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFA6A6FD0FF39FD55" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34E7611FFB1FFCCFEDC6FBDFEE8FD55" box="[319,381,730,754]" name="Palau" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Palau</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
, was a mistake; we can confirm here that the distribution of this species is restricted to the 
<collectingCountry id="F34E7611FFB1FFCCFAD46FBDFF6FFCB1" name="Tonga" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Kingdom of Tonga</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF266609FFB1FFCCFF746E21FC41FC01" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF746E21FC41FC01" blockId="2.[151,1437,838,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF746E21FE98FCF9" bold="true" box="[151,269,838,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFD186E21FBA7FCF9" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[763,1074,838,862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD186E21FBA7FCF9" box="[763,1074,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFBDF6E21FB01FCF9" bold="true" box="[1084,1172,838,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFBDF6E21FB01FCF9" box="[1084,1172,838,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
to other known species (from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFF3F6E0DFE39FC25" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[220,428,874,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">
Samaai 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFED06E0CFEF1FC25" box="[307,356,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), given as length [mean (min–max)] × width [mean (min–max)], n=20–30. *denotes that the mean given is from the two specimens listed in Table 1 of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFCE56EE9FC45FC01" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[774,976,910,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">
Samaai 
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFCB86EE8FC1FFC01" box="[859,906,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF456ED1FB3CF905" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<table id="F959C421FFB10031FF456ED2FB3CF905" box="[166,1193,949,1698]" gridcols="1" gridrows="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456ED2FB3CFC69" box="[166,1193,949,974]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<th id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456ED2FB3CFC69" box="[166,1193,949,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456ED1FBD8FC69" bold="true" box="[166,1101,949,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Type location Strongyles (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456EB9FB3CFC51" box="[166,1193,990,1014]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456EB9FB3CFC51" box="[166,1193,990,1014]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456EB9FE5FFC51" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[166,458,990,1014]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456EB9FE5FFC51" box="[166,458,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFE336EB9FDB4FC51" bold="true" box="[464,545,990,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFE336EB9FDB4FC51" box="[464,545,990,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456962FB3CFBB9" box="[166,1193,1029,1054]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456962FB3CFBB9" box="[166,1193,1029,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Wasp Island, Australia, 15–20 m 398 (230–539) × 8 (5–12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456949FB3CFBE0" box="[166,1193,1070,1095]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456949FB3CFBE0" box="[166,1193,1070,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456949FC28FBE1" authority="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2003" authorityName="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman" authorityYear="2003" box="[166,957,1070,1095]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456949FE2FFBE1" box="[166,442,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma algoaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE226949FC28FBE1" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M." box="[449,957,1070,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref1949" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai &amp; Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456931FB3CFBC8" box="[166,1193,1110,1135]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456931FB3CFBC8" box="[166,1193,1110,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Algoa Bay, South Africa, 15 m 328 (307–355) × 9 (7–10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456919FB3CFB30" box="[166,1193,1150,1175]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456919FB3CFB30" box="[166,1193,1150,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456918FC17FB30" authority="Samaai, Keyzers &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2004" authorityName="Samaai, Keyzers &amp; Davies-Coleman" authorityYear="2004" box="[166,898,1150,1175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456918FE52FB30" box="[166,455,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE2D6919FC17FB30" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Keyzers, R. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M." box="[462,898,1150,1175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref2025" refString="Samaai, T., Keyzers, R., Davies-Coleman, M. (2004) A new species of Strongylodesma Levi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 584 (1), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 584.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">Samaai, Keyzers &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF4569C1FB3CFB18" box="[166,1193,1190,1215]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF4569C1FB3CFB18" box="[166,1193,1190,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Aliwal Shoal, South Africa, 15–18 m 428 (235–590) × 7 (4–9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF4569A8FB3CFB4F" box="[166,1193,1231,1256]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF4569A8FB3CFB4F" box="[166,1193,1231,1256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF4569A8FD84FB4F" authority="Levi, 1969" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[166,529,1231,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF4569A8FE36FB40" box="[166,419,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma areolata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE4A69A8FD84FB4F" author="Levi, C." box="[425,529,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="952 - 973" refId="ref1838" refString="Levi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 41 (4), 952 - 973. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55599924]" type="journal article" year="1969">Levi,1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Type species)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456990FB3CFAB7" box="[166,1193,1271,1296]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456990FB3CFAB7" box="[166,1193,1271,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Vema Seamount, South Atlantic Ocean, 30–180 m 299 (282–319) × 6 (5–7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456878FB3CFA9F" box="[166,1193,1311,1336]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456878FB3CFA9F" box="[166,1193,1311,1336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456847FDF8FA9F" authority="Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,621,1311,1336]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456847FE10FA90" box="[166,389,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma nigra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE686878FDF8FA9F" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[395,621,1311,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456820FB3CFAC7" box="[166,1193,1351,1376]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456820FB3CFAC7" box="[166,1193,1351,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, 118–125 m 322 (260– 350) × 2–5*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456817FB3CFA2E" box="[166,1193,1392,1417]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456817FB3CFA2E" box="[166,1193,1392,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456817FD74FA2F" authority="Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,737,1392,1417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaecaledoniae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456817FE6FFA2F" box="[166,506,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma novaecaledoniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFDE36817FD74FA2F" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[512,737,1392,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF4568FFFB3CFA16" box="[166,1193,1432,1457]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF4568FFFB3CFA16" box="[166,1193,1432,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Nouméa, New Caledonia, 15 m 301 (268–326) × 5*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF4568A7FB3CFA7E" box="[166,1193,1472,1497]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF4568A7FB3CFA7E" box="[166,1193,1472,1497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF4568A6FD06FA7E" authority="Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,659,1472,1497]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF4568A6FE3EFA7E" box="[166,427,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma purpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE5168A7FD06FA7E" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[434,659,1472,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF45688FFB3CF9A6" box="[166,1193,1512,1537]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF45688FFB3CF9A6" box="[166,1193,1512,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, 141 m 277 (250– 290) × 5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456B76FB3CF98D" box="[166,1193,1553,1578]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456B76FB3CF98D" box="[166,1193,1553,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456B76FD37F98E" authority="Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,674,1553,1578]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tongaensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456B76FE2FF98E" box="[166,442,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma tongaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFE226B76FD37F98E" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[449,674,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1689 - 1702" refId="ref1882" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. (2009) A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Levi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 89 (8), 1689 - 1702. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000101" type="journal article" year="2009">Samaai &amp; Kelly, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456B5EFB3CF9F5" box="[166,1193,1593,1618]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456B5EFB3CF9F5" box="[166,1193,1593,1618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Kingdom of Tonga, 24 m 295 (260– 330) × 2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456B06FB3CF9DD" box="[166,1193,1633,1658]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456B06FB3CF9DD" box="[166,1193,1633,1658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF456B05FC68F9DD" authority="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2003" authorityName="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman" authorityYear="2003" box="[166,1021,1633,1658]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFF456B05FE6FF9DD" box="[166,506,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B70FFB1FFCCFDE36B06FC68F9DD" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M." box="[512,1021,1633,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref1949" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. &amp; Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai &amp; Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly &amp; Davies-Coleman, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934C3FFB10031FF456BEEFB3CF905" box="[166,1193,1673,1698]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<td id="76B85DBFFFB10031FF456BEEFB3CF905" box="[166,1193,1673,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFF486BEEFEBAF905" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2002" box="[171,303,1673,1698]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="400" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
, South Africa, 2–15 m 348 (307–403) × 7 (7–10)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE63681FFB1FFCCFF246BB4FD06F893" blockId="2.[151,1436,1747,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
The discovery of 
<taxonomicName id="4C594D02FFB1FFCCFE636BB4FD26F94C" authority="Kelly &amp; Goudie, 2020" authorityName="Kelly &amp; Goudie" authorityYear="2020" box="[384,691,1747,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFE636BB4FD26F94C" box="[384,691,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Strongylodesma australiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA93FFB1FFCCFD596BB3FC9AF94B" bold="true" box="[698,783,1748,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57E8FFB1FFCCFD596BB3FC9AF94B" box="[698,783,1748,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is significant as it is the first record of the genus in the Southwest Pacific, bridging the disparate primary locations in which the genus is recorded: the Tropical Western and South Atlantic Ocean, and the Western Pacific Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>