274 lines
28 KiB
XML
274 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="426DB75E47D4B6BC9746010E0B5E39B4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcf25fb0-17d2-4892-bd42-2dffdb549763" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266311" ID-ZooBank="201C6F0F-D061-427D-96A2-50879D46D32D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1457600431218" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burns, Kevin J., Unitt, Philip & Mason, Nicholas A." docDate="2016" docId="03E387FFFFE0FFAD4A96872CFAD6FEA6" docLanguage="en" docName="15576-5105-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4088 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stilpnia Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="FFDAFF87FFEEFFA24A018234FFE2FFC3" masterDocTitle="A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1698191538604" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="400EE87792921CE14C56A47ED977BFA2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DF4944BB311FD1FD4574136BAB8F4EBE">
|
||
<mods:title id="91DE0D365AE2AD7E4C0B03A2CDB57AE8">A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1D1AE999788509BD0D6CEC330E082F85" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5FC51549833F56255787CD5B6E1E5674">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BEFB2F8D1A7BF16125B490A98FBC9B7A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F77A2A2E7DAF142D767B9FDFBF77BD0A">Burns, Kevin J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A1DF2A22AB9047A5489FED3C86FE7152" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="31B44E0F231C9C48EADE8C1A602604DD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="987336B9261798F7FF25252378EF7E48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FECCDDABE7DEA3AC2F300574781F40C5">Unitt, Philip</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="37CBBEB3C6D577B995D14482D92BDD7F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AABC98FE89B717B14D548092C58B020E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="71E614E09D938B6E68C2FE0E48AC388B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="556E6BB07C48A4C2DAF88A1D5B217BFB">Mason, Nicholas A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1B0CC72AB6B3F7C073C45D3488D27A1E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5C5B6E4998FC2DBE28985E8FE52EB9DB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B6F2FD9002A9DC70537595CA97B4C3D3">
|
||
<mods:title id="B286D927D75D14BA70134C028A5AD8D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2AC6BF596075EF2924875A3EAA95B82B">
|
||
<mods:date id="63C2E23812E776220FCF6702BD1A763C">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="30F83794700E7039EE10614EFB92699D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C058BE77234DB7481F765B6992D8C3B8">4088</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="ABED51D711BAFB2B83F0043F9F857FD5" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="EDF24034CC2C094AEB47623475D2F1D3">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="34764847B764F4440E491E9ED91E6415" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DAE8CB124938C16A22FAA56946A5E260">329</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="8122FBD8ECE093E9A312987E9E2885B8">354</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D0D596DB7BDDA7BEC9369AF742985369">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="83632FE6BC21D0E49EB2443F440C07DA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="238C7A07FF529D4C309F1F9E438FF3CB" type="GBIF-Dataset">fcf25fb0-17d2-4892-bd42-2dffdb549763</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="578701F9D26CAA91A8BCF8D888836924" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B958B514A81C3A8493735ADB2EBA1274" type="Zenodo-Dep">266311</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="648636E28B7693EB91B511A46B77F6BE" type="ZooBank">201C6F0F-D061-427D-96A2-50879D46D32D</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E387FFFFE0FFAD4A96872CFAD6FEA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117198842" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387FFFFE0FFAD4A96872CFAD6FEA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387FFFFE0FFAD4A96872CFAD6FEA6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFE0FFAC4A96872CFE1CFAF3" box="[151,510,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFE0FFAC4A96872CFE1CFAF3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1303,2013]" box="[151,510,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">
|
||
32.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4AC08723FEF5FAF3" ID-CoL="9GCS5" box="[193,279,1303,1328]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4AC08723FEF5FAF3" box="[193,279,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Stilpnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20D5780FFE0FFAC4B24872CFE7EFAEC" box="[293,412,1304,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13712A6CFFE0FFAC4BAD8723FE0DFAF3" box="[428,495,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,203,1712]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum clade credibility tree from the Bayesian analyses of Burns et al. (2014). Subfamily Thraupinae shown. Labeling and format as in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266316/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFE0FFAC4AC68709FB1CFA96" box="[199,1278,1340,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFE0FFAC4AC68709FB1CFA96" blockId="14.[151,1437,1303,2013]" box="[199,1278,1340,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Type species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4B658708FD0CFA97" authority="Swainson, 1834" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1834" box="[356,750,1340,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Aglaia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4B658708FDD6FA97" box="[356,564,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Aglaia cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
Swainson, 1834
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(currently recognized as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4E0B8709FB0FFA97" ID-CoL="9G754" box="[1034,1261,1341,1364]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4E0B8709FB0FFA97" box="[1034,1261,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Tangara cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFE0FFAC4AC6876BFE68F9B7" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFE0FFAC4AC6876BFE68F9B7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1303,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Included species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4B91876BFDDDFABB" box="[400,575,1375,1400]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4B91876BFDDDFABB" box="[400,575,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Stilpnia larvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(du Bus, 1846),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC48FE8754FB96FABB" authority="Bonaparte, 1838" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[767,1140,1375,1400]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC48FE8754FC7EFAB4" box="[767,924,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. nigrocincta</emphasis>
|
||
(Bonaparte, 1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4E818754FAF4FABB" box="[1152,1302,1375,1400]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4E818754FAF4FABB" box="[1152,1302,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cyanicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4BA587B0FD10FA5E" authority="Cabanis, 1850" authorityName="Cabanis" authorityYear="1850" box="[420,754,1412,1437]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4BA587B0FDC4FA5F" box="[420,550,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. preciosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Cabanis, 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC490587B0FB63FA5E" authority="Desmarest, 1806" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1806" box="[772,1153,1412,1437]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC490587B0FC78FA5F" box="[772,922,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
(Desmarest, 1806)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4E9287B0FE1BFA03" authority="Schulenberg & Binford, 1985" authorityName="Schulenberg & Binford" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyerdeschauenseei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4E9287B0FA7EFA5E" box="[1171,1436,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. meyerdeschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||
(Schulenberg & Binford, 1985)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4805879CFCA4FA03" authority="Cabanis, 1850" authorityName="Cabanis" authorityYear="1850" box="[516,838,1447,1472]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitriolina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4805879CFD6BFA03" box="[516,649,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. vitriolina</emphasis>
|
||
(Cabanis, 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4950879CFB47FA03" authority="Swainson, 1834" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1834" box="[849,1189,1447,1472]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4950879CFC37FA03" box="[849,981,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
(Swainson, 1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4EB0879CFF39FA26" authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4EB0879CFAFCFA7C" box="[1201,1310,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cayana</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1766)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4AE687F8FDB6FA26" authority="Swainson, 1834" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1834" box="[231,596,1484,1509]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4AE687F8FE60FA27" box="[231,386,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
(Swainson, 1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC486087F8FC0CFA26" authority="Taczanowski, 1884" authorityName="Taczanowski" authorityYear="1884" box="[609,1006,1484,1509]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC486087F8FD1AFA26" box="[609,760,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. viridicollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Taczanowski, 1884)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC49FB87F8FA7AFA26" authority="Graves & Weske, 1987" authorityName="Graves & Weske" authorityYear="1987" box="[1018,1432,1484,1509]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49FB87F8FB96FA26" box="[1018,1140,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
(Graves & Weske, 1987)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4A9687C4FDBDF9CB" authority="Sclater & Salvin, 1876" authorityName="Sclater & Salvin" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,607,1519,1544]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrofenges">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4A9687C4FEA7F9CB" box="[151,325,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. argyrofenges</emphasis>
|
||
(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC489B87C4FC51F9CB" authority="Cabanis, 1850" authorityName="Cabanis" authorityYear="1850" box="[666,947,1519,1544]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC489B87C4FD1BF9CB" box="[666,761,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. heinei</emphasis>
|
||
(Cabanis, 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13712A6CFFE0FFAC49C287DBFBE4F9CB" box="[963,1030,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,203,1712]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum clade credibility tree from the Bayesian analyses of Burns et al. (2014). Subfamily Thraupinae shown. Labeling and format as in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266316/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). These species are currently placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4B268421FDCEF9EF" authority="Brisson, 1760" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[295,556,1556,1581]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4B268421FE67F9EF" box="[295,389,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Tangara</emphasis>
|
||
Brisson, 1760
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although Burns
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC48F28421FCC9F9EE" box="[755,811,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) did not sample
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4E328421FB23F9EF" box="[1075,1217,1557,1580]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4E328421FB23F9EF" box="[1075,1217,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">T. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the morphological similarities between this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4836840CFD51F98C" box="[567,691,1592,1615]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4836840CFD51F98C" box="[567,691,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">T. preciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Isler & Isler 1999, Hilty
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49D8840CFBF0F993" box="[985,1042,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011) imply that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4EDB840CFA8AF98C" box="[1242,1384,1592,1615]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4EDB840CFA8AF98C" box="[1242,1384,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">T. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also belongs to this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFE0FFAD4AC6844BFC82FF17" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFE0FFAD4AC6844BFC82FF17" blockId="14.[151,1437,1303,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Diagnosis. Morphologically, these species can be separated from other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4EE084B4FADDF954" box="[1249,1343,1664,1687]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4EE084B4FADDF954" box="[1249,1343,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">Tangara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their plumage patterns. Most species have either a cap or a hood that is set apart from the rest of the plumage. A black crown or cap is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4BC284FCFDBCF91C" box="[451,606,1736,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4BC284FCFDBCF91C" box="[451,606,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC486D84FCFCE0F923" box="[620,770,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC486D84FCFCE0F923" box="[620,770,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. viridicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC491084FCFC68F923" box="[785,906,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC491084FCFC68F923" box="[785,906,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC499884FCFBA5F923" box="[921,1095,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrofenges">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC499884FCFBA5F923" box="[921,1095,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. argyrofenges</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4E8784FCFB05F923" box="[1158,1255,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4E8784FCFB05F923" box="[1158,1255,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. heinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, all of these species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4BC484D8FDBDF8C7" box="[453,607,1772,1796]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4BC484D8FDBDF8C7" box="[453,607,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have green or gold ear coverts and throats. In addition, females of all five of these species have dusky caps that contrast with green backs (Graves & Weske 1987; Isler & Isler 1999). A rufous crown or cap is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC48168500FD71F88F" box="[535,659,1844,1868]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC48168500FD71F88F" box="[535,659,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. preciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC48A28500FCCAF88E" box="[675,808,1844,1869]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitriolina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC48A28500FCCAF88E" box="[675,808,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. vitriolina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC49398500FC5FF88E" box="[824,957,1844,1869]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49398500FC5FF88E" box="[824,957,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC49FF8500FB8FF88F" box="[1022,1133,1844,1868]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49FF8500FB8FF88F" box="[1022,1133,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the crown of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4F868500FE9EF8B3" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyerdeschauenseei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4F868500FE9EF8B3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. meyerdeschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not similarly rufous, it appears buffy and differs in color from the rest of the back (Schulenberg & Binford 1985). The three remaining species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC495D8548FC29F856" box="[860,971,1916,1941]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC495D8548FC29F856" box="[860,971,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. larvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC49DD8548FB98F857" box="[988,1146,1916,1940]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49DD8548FB98F857" box="[988,1146,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. nigrocincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE0FFAC4EBD8548FAB6F856" box="[1212,1364,1916,1941]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC4EBD8548FAB6F856" box="[1212,1364,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">S. cyanicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have blue or golden hoods that contrast with their black mantles, breasts, and eye masks (Isler & Isler 1999). Additionally, we have identified five molecular synapomorphies for cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE0FFAC49C685F0FC37F81E" box="[967,981,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="343">b</emphasis>
|
||
(numbered by their position in the gene alignment): C12T, A72G, A210G, C774A, and T801C. Cladistically, we define this genus as the descendants of the common ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD4B838288FDBCFF17" box="[386,606,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD4B838288FDBCFF17" box="[386,606,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Stilpnia cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD48958288FCBBFF16" box="[660,857,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Stilpnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD48958288FCBBFF16" box="[660,857,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Stilpnia cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFE1FFAD4AC682EBFAD6FEA6" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFE1FFAD4AC682EBFAD6FEA6" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">
|
||
Etymology. The name, feminine in gender, is derived from the Greek στιλπνή, the feminine form of the adjective meaning “glittering” or “glistening,” alluding to the glossiness of the plumage of these colorful tanagers. Comments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD4B1E8313FDD8FE83" authority="Sclater, 1851" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1851" box="[287,570,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Euschemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD4B1E8313FE42FE83" box="[287,416,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Euschemon</emphasis>
|
||
Sclater, 1851
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD48DA831CFBFEFE83" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[731,1052,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tanagra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD48DA831CFC9BFE83" box="[731,889,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Tanagra flava</emphasis>
|
||
Gmelin, 1789
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD4E97831CFA6EFE83" box="[1174,1420,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Tangara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cayana" subSpecies="flava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD4E97831CFA6EFE83" box="[1174,1420,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Tangara cayana flava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), is preoccupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE1FFAD4B628378FD4EFEA7" authority="Doubleday, 1846" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[355,684,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Euschemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE1FFAD4B628378FE06FEA6" box="[355,484,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="344">Euschemon</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name of an Australian butterfly, and so not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |