treatments-xml/data/03/B5/87/03B587D9FF9A380390A8F8B5F1E6FAA7.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

265 lines
28 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="B7B0C6C96DC8D4333D5B6C6DC2E8D6D3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177278" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44e92dc8-7d91-43bd-900b-36f28549b744" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177278" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459857368899" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wallach, Van" docDate="2007" docId="03B587D9FF9A380390A8F8B5F1E6FAA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01515p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1515" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Letheobia swahilica Wallach, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FF8CFFA1FF953813903FFFBDF365FFA5" masterDocTitle="A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698225740277" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1C572FA9E1623D9C57D5352CF1A47526" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2AF2ADC0F2DC032351D3B6014F546230">
<mods:title id="3FD45FEC2BD70A22EBF957BDCCF77AF8">A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E8D1053EB9423802B84B18A83D437EBF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D811C78AC898AB94D49386B159CC13E8">
<mods:roleTerm id="D1F039E924412BCEC6FBD65687860369">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="117687D7C53D17D5D80709FE095992DC">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B85611A9EB85FE81B27221B69ECF2361">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E078BB7B51C3E5A4E6A39780843A01DC" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="CE7B03DC3C5733CE2CBC00AC68C5A358">
<mods:title id="95B88FDF76D22166E57088E436435E7B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="37AD3A44CE41903767271FE575D31162">
<mods:date id="E9E8DBE93A072AD81A219F16B3840965">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B6C3F3C1B028B7924396E06682A9F072" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1E930CEF95249C9FA50DBC32AB857A1B">1515</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B82A41CAD2E0ADEEC266281C9A700884" unit="page">
<mods:start id="10AF82F3E5397EC3B6443CFC5FB487C2">31</mods:start>
<mods:end id="344559AC962D9BDDF9EBBE776EB04C63">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="5A03B529B6C645056AB0DAD3D208D825">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="271EF28CDD37771E24843E06B9EF061D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177278</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE68B7B513C75A237E543F3620D545D2" type="GBIF-Dataset">44e92dc8-7d91-43bd-900b-36f28549b744</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9A6E692D6F7C70B09237E413C2013B0E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="61DAFBB9B8BB38F74098B1C2C4DC4E61" type="Zenodo-Dep">177278</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B587D9FF9A380390A8F8B5F1E6FAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6237812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119363122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6237812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587D9FF9A380390A8F8B5F1E6FAA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587D9FF9A380390A8F8B5F1E6FAA7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF9A381C90A8F8B5F39EF8E1" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF9A381C90A8F8B5F288F887" blockId="15.[151,493,1800,1900]" box="[151,493,1800,1826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0EB81A3FF9A381C90A8F8B5F288F887" bold="true" box="[151,493,1800,1826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF9A381C90A8F8B5F288F887" bold="true" box="[151,493,1800,1826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4CFF9A381C90A8F8B5F2EDF887" box="[151,392,1800,1826]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Letheobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swahilica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF9A381C90A8F8B5F2EDF887" bold="true" box="[151,392,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Letheobia swahilica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57A6FF9A381C91AFF8B5F288F887" box="[400,493,1800,1826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF9A381C90A8F897F39EF8E1" blockId="15.[151,493,1800,1900]" box="[151,251,1834,1860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="13272A4AFF9A381C90A0F897F3BAF8E1" box="[159,223,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[380,1205,544,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[359,1227,518,1618]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. The Letheobia pallida complex: A. L. pallida (BMNH 68.2. 9.135 Zanzibar, after Roux-Estève, 1974: Fig. 151); B. L. swahilica sp. nov. (MCZ 40076, holotype Ngatana, Tana River, Kenya, J. Boundy illustration); C. L. toritensis sp. nov. (NMZB 16722, paratype Torit, Sudan, J. Boundy illustration). The lines indicate 1 mm to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177282/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Fig 4</figureCitation>
B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF9A381C90A8F8EFF2BDF8C9" box="[151,472,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF9A381C90A8F8EFF2BDF8C9" blockId="15.[151,493,1800,1900]" box="[151,472,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Swahili gracile blind-snake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF9A380390A8F820F0BEFF6A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF9A381C90A8F820F26CF851" blockId="15.[151,1436,1949,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C11E1FF9A381C90A8F820F26CF851" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4CFF9A381C90A8F820F231F811" box="[151,340,1949,1972]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF9A381C90A8F820F231F811" box="[151,340,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Typhlops pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not Cope)
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF9A381C91D2F820F1B1F811" author="Sternfeld" box="[493,724,1949,1972]" page="242" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF9A381C91D2F820F1F8F811" author="Sternfeld" box="[493,669,1949,1972]" pageId="15" pageNumber="67" refString="Sternfeld, R. (1908 b) Zur Schlangenfauna Ostafrikas. I. Schlangen aus Sud-Abessinien. II. Schlangen aus Britisch- Ostafrika. III. Schlangen aus Portugiesisch-Ostafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 4 (1), 236 - 247." type="journal article" year="1908" yearSuffix="b">Sternfeld 1908b</bibRefCitation>
: 242
</treatmentCitation>
, 1910: 12 (part); Boulenger 1915: 616 (part);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF9A381C94F8F820F6F9F811" author="Loveridge" box="[1223,1436,1949,1972]" page="82" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF9A381C94F8F820F613F811" author="Loveridge" box="[1223,1398,1949,1972]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Loveridge, A. (1916) Report on the collection of Ophidia in the Society's Museum. The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society (Nairobi), 5 (10), 76 - 87." type="journal article" year="1916">Loveridge 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
(part), 1924: 4 (part), 1936: 227;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF9A381C9217F800F182F871" author="Werner" box="[552,743,1981,2004]" page="330" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF9A381C9217F800F1D0F871" author="Werner" box="[552,693,1981,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="68" refString="Werner, F. (1921) Synopsis der Schlangenfamilie der Typhlopiden auf Grund des Boulenger'schen Schlangenkatalogs (1893 - 1896). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 87 A (7), 266 - 338." type="journal article" year="1921">Werner 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 330
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF9A381C9308F800F773F871" author="Loveridge" box="[823,1046,1981,2004]" page="244" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF9A381C9308F800F081F871" author="Loveridge" box="[823,996,1981,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Loveridge, A. (1957) Check list of the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa (Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Zanzibar). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College (Cambridge), 117 (2), 151 - 362 + i - xxxvi." type="journal article" year="1957">Loveridge 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 244
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF9A381C9459F800F6F9F871" author="Broadley" box="[1126,1436,1981,2004]" page="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF9A381C9459F800F612F871" author="Broadley" box="[1126,1399,1981,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="65" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Howell, K. M. (1991) A checklist of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus (Bulawayo), (1), 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1991">Broadley &amp; Howell 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 21
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390A8FF25F0BEFF6A" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C11E1FF85380390A8FF25F0BEFF6A" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390A8FF25F2C2FF0A" box="[151,423,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4CFF85380390A8FF25F2F5FF0A" box="[151,400,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">Rhinotyphlops pallidus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF853803918EFF25F1D0FF0A" author="Roux-Esteve" box="[433,693,152,175]" page="217" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF853803918EFF25F118FF0A" author="Roux-Esteve" box="[433,637,152,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Roux-Esteve, R. (1974). Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique: Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), (N. S.) (A, Zoologie), 87, 1 - 313." type="journal article" year="1974">Roux-Estève 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 217
</treatmentCitation>
, 1975: 445 (part);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF85380393B9FF25F756FF0A" author="Spawls" box="[902,1075,152,175]" page="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF85380393B9FF25F773FF0A" author="Spawls" box="[902,1046,152,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Spawls, S. (1978) A checklist of the snakes of Kenya. The Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum (Nairobi), 31 (167), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1978">Spawls 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF853803947DFF25F66BFF0A" author="Hughes" box="[1090,1294,152,175]" page="354" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF853803947DFF25F7B0FF0A" author="Hughes" box="[1090,1237,152,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="66" refString="Hughes, B. (1983) African snake faunas. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage (Bonn), 34 (1 - 3), 311 - 356." type="journal article" year="1983">Hughes 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 354
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF8538039523FF25F2F5FF6A" author="Broadley" page="45" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF8538039523FF25F20DFF6A" author="Broadley" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Broadley, S. (1996) Geographical Distribution: Serpentes, Typhlopidae. Rhinotyphlops pallidus (Cope). African Herp News (Durban North), (25), 45." type="journal article" year="1996">Broadley &amp; Broadley 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF85380391A4FF05F1FCFF6A" author="Spawls" box="[411,665,184,207]" page="295" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF85380391A4FF05F101FF6A" author="Spawls" box="[411,612,184,207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Spawls, S., Howell, K. M., Drewes, R. C. &amp; Ashe, J. (2002) A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Academic Press, San Diego, 543 pp." type="book" year="2002">
Spawls
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380391D0FF05F141FF6A" box="[495,548,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 295
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10DEFF853803929BFF05F0F7FF6A" author="Spawls" box="[676,914,184,207]" page="92" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF853803929BFF05F008FF6A" author="Spawls" box="[676,877,184,207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Spawls, S., Howell, K. M. &amp; Drewes, R. C. (2006) Reptiles and amphibians of East Africa. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 240 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Spawls
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380392C7FF05F04BFF6A" box="[760,814,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF85380390A8FF42F210FE47" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390A8FF42F2A7FECF" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390A8FF42F275FEBC" bold="true" box="[151,272,255,281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="54A7886DFF85380390A8FF42F26EFEBC" box="[151,267,255,281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE0AFF8538039124FEBDF23EFEBF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[283,347,256,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">MCZ</collectionCode>
40076, a male from old village of Ngatana, ca. one mile northwest from new village of Wema, in the lower Tana River, Coast Region,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF85380392EDFE95F07BFEE7" box="[722,798,296,322]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE285008FF853803930DFE95F0F0FEE7" box="[818,917,296,322]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-2.5">02°30S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE285008FF853803939BFE95F76DFEE7" box="[932,1032,296,322]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="40.25">40°15E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation
<quantity id="4CE49B2AFF85380394B3FE95F7A8FEE7" box="[1164,1229,296,322]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
), collected by A. Loveridge,
<date id="FFA2100FFF8538039121FEEDF2DBFECF" box="[286,446,336,362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1934-06-14">14 June 1934</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FECAF210FE47" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FECAF22EFE34" bold="true" box="[199,331,375,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="54A7886DFF85380390F8FECAF222FE34" box="[199,327,375,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE0AFF853803916AFEC5F2F0FE37" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[341,405,376,402]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">MCZ</collectionCode>
40075, 40077-78 with the same data as the
<typeStatus id="54A7886DFF853803938DFEC5F779FE37" box="[946,1052,376,402]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE0AFF8538039414FEC5F70EFE37" box="[1067,1131,376,402]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">ZMB</collectionCode>
21150, 62069 Takaungu,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF85380390A8FE1DF382FE1F" box="[151,231,416,442]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
; NMK-S/3947 Mazeras,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF8538039221FE1DF10BFE1F" box="[542,622,416,442]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE0AFF8538039240FE1DF1DAFE1F" box="[639,703,416,442]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">ZMB</collectionCode>
25866
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803931DFE1DF0EFFE1F" box="[802,906,416,442]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
Coast;
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE0AFF85380393D0FE1DF721FE1F" box="[1007,1092,416,442]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s56f-0167" name="National Museum of Zimbabwe" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">NMZB</collectionCode>
14290 Kwamarimba Forest Reserve,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803913BFE75F214FE47" box="[260,369,456,482]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF85380390F8FE52F0D1FD97" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FE52F0D1FD97" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FE52F222FDAC" bold="true" box="[199,327,495,521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Closely related to
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF8538039214FE4DF066FDAC" box="[555,771,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4CFF8538039214FE4DF19AFDAC" box="[555,767,496,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Letheobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">Letheobia pallida</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
distinguished by its more robust build (length/diameter ratio 4962 vs 6282) and fewer middorsals (376392 vs 418433).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF85380390F8FD82F70FFC87" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FD82F1A3FD5F" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FD82F23AFDFC" bold="true" box="[199,351,575,601]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
Snout rounded, prominent. Rostral very broad, truncated posteriorly; frontal crescentic; supraocular transverse, its lateral apex between nasal and ocular, the latter separated from the lip by a large subocular; eye usually not visible, but visible beneath the nasal/ocular sulcus in NMZB 14290; nasal suture arising from second labial;
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF85380391E7FD05F167FD77" box="[472,514,696,722]" name="Cyprus" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">SIP</collectingCountry>
X (N1, P, O, O); scale rows 24-22-22; MD 376392; vertebrae 235260; MD/ V ratio 1.561.62; L/D ratio 4962. Colourless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FCBAF70FFC87" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" box="[199,1130,775,802]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FCBAF265FC84" bold="true" box="[199,256,775,801]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Size.</emphasis>
Largest specimen (ZMB 25866
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF85380392ACFCB5F19EFC87" box="[659,763,776,802]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
Coast)
<quantity id="4CE49B2AFF8538039368FCB5F0DDFC87" box="[855,952,776,802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
in total length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF85380390F8FC92F70BFB9F" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FC92F7AFFCEF" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" box="[199,1226,815,842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FC92F236FCEC" bold="true" box="[199,339,815,841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the Swahili people of the coastal strip opposite
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF8538039434FC8DF716FCEF" box="[1035,1139,816,842]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FCEAF70BFB9F" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FCEAF24BFCD4" bold="true" box="[199,302,855,881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coastal forest and environs. The Ngatana series was taken “under vegetable debris heaped along banks of a rice swamp” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF85380391F8FC3DF1F4FC3F" author="Loveridge" box="[455,657,896,922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="66" refString="Loveridge, A. (1936) Scientific results of an expedition to rain forest regions in eastern Africa. V. Reptiles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College (Cambridge), 79 (5), 209 - 337, Pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1936">Loveridge, 1936</bibRefCitation>
). NMZB 14290 was taken in scrub woodland (old shamba land) which was forested within the last 20 years (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF853803929FFC15F08FFC67" author="Broadley" box="[672,1002,936,962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Broadley, S. (1996) Geographical Distribution: Serpentes, Typhlopidae. Rhinotyphlops pallidus (Cope). African Herp News (Durban North), (25), 45." type="journal article" year="1996">Broadley &amp; Broadley, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). One specimen collected under vegetation debris within
<quantity id="4CE49B2AFF85380391A8FC6DF2B1FC4F" box="[407,468,976,1002]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
of the soil surface at the bottom of a valley filled with coconut palms, mangos, bananas, sugarcane, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4CFF8538039183FC45F298FBB4" box="[444,509,1016,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF8538039183FC45F298FBB4" box="[444,509,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees. Although the slopes of the valley were covered with xeric vegetation, it had rained recently and the ground was moderately wet (D. J. Gower, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066544FF85380390F8FBFAF1E6FAA7" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FBFAF702FBC7" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" box="[199,1127,1095,1122]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FBFAF202FBC4" bold="true" box="[199,359,1095,1121]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
Coastal areas of
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803920EFBF5F118FBC7" box="[561,637,1096,1122]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and northern
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803931EFBF5F0E8FBC7" box="[801,909,1096,1122]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CE49B2AFF85380393A6FBF5F097FBC7" box="[921,1010,1096,1122]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">050 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13272A4AFF853803943DFBF5F73CFBC7" box="[1026,1113,1096,1122]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,196,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution of the East African species of Letheobia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177288/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336CFFF85380390F8FBD2F1E6FAA7" blockId="16.[151,1437,255,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B968EADDFF85380390F8FBD2F223FB2C" bold="true" box="[199,326,1135,1161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Localities.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF8538039172FBCDF2D0FB2F" box="[333,437,1136,1162]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">KENYA</collectingCountry>
. Mazeras at Bonje village, Kilifi District NMK-S/3947;
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803947AFBCDF7DCFB2F" box="[1093,1209,1136,1162]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF85380394F8FBCDF6EAFB2F" author="Loveridge" box="[1223,1423,1136,1162]" pageId="16" pageNumber="66" refString="Loveridge, A. (1916) Report on the collection of Ophidia in the Society's Museum. The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society (Nairobi), 5 (10), 76 - 87." type="journal article" year="1916">Loveridge, 1916</bibRefCitation>
); Ngatana (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF8538039136FB25F2AAFB17" author="Loveridge" box="[265,463,1176,1202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="66" refString="Loveridge, A. (1936) Scientific results of an expedition to rain forest regions in eastern Africa. V. Reptiles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College (Cambridge), 79 (5), 209 - 337, Pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1936">Loveridge, 1936</bibRefCitation>
) MCZ 40075-78; Takaungu (Sternfeld, 1908, 1910) ZMB 21150, 62029; Vipingo (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF85380390A0FB7DF227FB7F" author="Spawls" box="[159,322,1216,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Spawls, S. (1978) A checklist of the snakes of Kenya. The Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum (Nairobi), 31 (167), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1978">Spawls, 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF8538039169FB7DF28AFB7F" box="[342,495,1216,1242]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
. Kwamarimba Forest Reserve (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF8538039362FB7DF7C7FB7F" author="Broadley" box="[861,1186,1216,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Broadley, S. (1996) Geographical Distribution: Serpentes, Typhlopidae. Rhinotyphlops pallidus (Cope). African Herp News (Durban North), (25), 45." type="journal article" year="1996">Broadley &amp; Broadley, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) NMZB 14290;
<collectingCountry id="F30B765FFF853803955AFB7DF3B4FAA7" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3EFF853803911BFB55F2BEFAA7" author="Sternfeld" box="[292,475,1256,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" refString="Sternfeld, R. (1910) Die Schlangen Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien (Berlin), (3) 2, iv + 47 pp." type="book" year="1910">Sternfeld, 1910</bibRefCitation>
) ZMB 25866.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>