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<document id="D7980EB890A5375787CE992ECC4ECFE6" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1SLASH11054" ID-CLB-Dataset="33045" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e114acb7-3683-4094-a53f-c9bc7ed84353" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="580173" ID-ZooBank="0742D287-B82C-4014-A6AC-C357F259D5D7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1494919993818" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Summers, Mindi M., Messing, Charles G. &amp; Rouse, Greg W." docDate="2017" docId="039EDF70FFADA174FF66DE27121EFD77" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4268.2.1SLASH11054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4268 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Comissia Clark 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="FFA7A708FFBEA160FFF1DB31103FFFDD" masterDocTitle="The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1698439592185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CBEAF5A86F3F3282D96A3AACE9C8D342">The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF305A182AC3F607738CDC7C09310C36">Summers, Mindi M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4E235E9AB59503F895AF93FCCB69CBD1">2017</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFADA173FF66DE2710D7FA8F" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA173FF66DE271191FAED" blockId="19.[151,430,1302,1362]" box="[151,430,1302,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<heading id="D0C0D90AFFADA173FF66DE271191FAED" bold="true" box="[151,430,1302,1328]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FF66DE271191FAED" authority="Clark, 1909a" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,430,1302,1328]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF66DE271191FAED" bold="true" box="[151,430,1302,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF66DE271139FAED" bold="true" box="[151,262,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FEFCDE271191FAED" author="Clark" box="[269,430,1302,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 a) Revision of the crinoid family Comasteridae, with description of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 493 - 507." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1909a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA173FF66DE0810D7FA8F" blockId="19.[151,430,1302,1362]" box="[151,232,1337,1362]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<tableCitation id="C6B55BDDFFADA173FF66DE0810D7FA8F" box="[151,232,1337,1362]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,197,537,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of genera of Comatulidae." pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFADA173FF66DEB013F6F9F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA173FF66DEB012F0FA47" blockId="19.[151,1436,1409,2010]" box="[151,719,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF66DEB0110DFA47" bold="true" box="[151,306,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FEC9DEB3123EFA44" box="[312,513,1409,1433]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luetkeni">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FEC9DEB3123EFA44" box="[312,513,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia luetkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FDC6DEB012F4FA47" author="Clark" box="[567,715,1409,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 a) Revision of the crinoid family Comasteridae, with description of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 493 - 507." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1909a</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA173FF36DE9413F6F9F7" blockId="19.[151,1436,1409,2010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF36DE9411CDFA63" bold="true" box="[199,498,1445,1470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Other included taxa (9).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FE0CDE9413F2FA63" authority="McKnight, 1977a" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1977" box="[509,973,1445,1470]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FE0CDE9412CCFA60" box="[509,755,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comatulides dawsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FD0EDE9413F2FA63" author="McKnight" box="[767,973,1445,1470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 a) Additions to the New Zealand crinoid fauna. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 93 - 112." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">McKnight, 1977a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FC2DDE9714FFFA60" box="[988,1216,1445,1469]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FC2DDE9714FFFA60" box="[988,1216,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FB0EDE9415A7FA63" author="Clark" box="[1279,1432,1445,1470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1912 a) Seventeen new East Indian crinoids belonging to the families Comasteridae and Zygometridae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FF66DEFB1165FA3C" box="[151,346,1481,1505]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF66DEFB1165FA3C" box="[151,346,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FE62DEF81216FA3F" author="Clark" box="[403,553,1481,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1911 b) On a collection of unstalked crinoids made by the United States Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 529 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.39 - 1798.529" type="journal article" year="1911" yearSuffix="b">Clark, 1911b</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FDC7DEFB142CFA3F" authority="Gislen, 1922" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1922" box="[566,1043,1481,1506]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="ignota" variety="minuta">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FDC7DEFB12D1FA3C" box="[566,750,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia ignota</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FCD8DEFB1348FA3C" box="[809,887,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FC8EDEF8142CFA3F" author="Gislen" box="[895,1043,1481,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Gislen, T. (1922) The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova Acta Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, 5, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FBD1DEFB10DFF9DB" authority="McKnight, 1977b" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1977" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FBD1DEFB1526FA3C" box="[1056,1305,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia norfolkensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FAD3DEF810DFF9DB" author="McKnight" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 b) Crinoids from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 129 - 137." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">McKnight, 1977b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FF01DEDF1184F9D8" box="[240,443,1517,1541]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF01DEDF1184F9D8" box="[240,443,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FE0ADEDC12ABF9DB" author="Clark" box="[507,660,1517,1542]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1912 a) Seventeen new East Indian crinoids belonging to the families Comasteridae and Zygometridae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FD55DEDF14E6F9DB" authority="Gislen, 1922" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1922" box="[676,1241,1517,1542]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="peregrina" variety="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FD55DEDF13BAF9D8" box="[676,901,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia peregrina</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FC37DEDC1409F9D8" box="[966,1078,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">magnifica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FBB3DEDC14E6F9DB" author="Gislen" box="[1090,1241,1517,1542]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Gislen, T. (1922) The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova Acta Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, 5, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;?
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FB04DEDF10C7F9F4" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Leptonemaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FB04DEDF10C7F9F4" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Leptonemaster venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FEDFDD2011FDF9F7" author="Clark" box="[302,450,1553,1578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 a) Revision of the crinoid family Comasteridae, with description of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 493 - 507." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1909a</bibRefCitation>
;?
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FE28DD2013FAF9F7" authority="McKnight, 1977a" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1977" box="[473,965,1553,1578]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="decumatilos">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FE28DD2012CAF9F4" box="[473,757,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comatulides decumatilos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FD0DDD2013FAF9F7" author="McKnight" box="[764,965,1553,1578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 a) Additions to the New Zealand crinoid fauna. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 93 - 112." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">McKnight, 1977a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFADA173FF36DD04152FF94B" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA173FF36DD04152FF94B" blockId="19.[151,1436,1409,2010]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF36DD04117EF993" bold="true" box="[199,321,1589,1614]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mouth central in fully developed individuals; always ten arms; centrodorsal circular, thin, cirri in 1–2 rows; IBr2 series united by synarthry; first syzygy at 3+4 on arms arising from IBr; distal intersyzygial interval 2–4, mainly 3; distalmost pinnule comb on P1–P6; comb teeth confluent with outside edge of pinnule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFADA174FF36DD9011D5FF09" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFADA174FF36DD9011D5FF09" blockId="19.[151,1436,1409,2010]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF36DD90115FF967" bold="true" box="[199,352,1697,1722]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Distribution.</emphasis>
Tropical and temperate Indo-western Pacific from the Great Barrier Reef,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FB5CDD901528F967" box="[1197,1303,1697,1722]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Australia</collectingCountry>
, west to
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FA8ADD9010DFF903" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FA8ADD9015A3F967" box="[1403,1436,1697,1722]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lanka
</collectingCountry>
, east to
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FEB0DDF711DEF903" box="[321,481,1733,1758]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FE1FDDF712B6F903" box="[494,649,1733,1758]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
New
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FDDDDDF412B6F903" box="[556,649,1733,1758]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, and north to Sagami Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FC35DDF7143BF900" box="[964,1028,1734,1757]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Japan</collectingCountry>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FBB9DDF414F5F903" author="Clark" box="[1096,1226,1733,1758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
; Hoggett &amp; Rowe 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FF2FDDDB11FAF8DF" author="Kogo" box="[222,453,1769,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Kogo, I. &amp; Fujita, T. (2014) The Feather Stars of Sagami Bay. Tokai University Press, Toyko, 162 pp." type="book" year="2014">Kogo &amp; Fujita 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FE23DDD812AAF8DF" author="McKnight" box="[466,661,1769,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 a) Additions to the New Zealand crinoid fauna. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 93 - 112." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">McKnight 1977a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FD6BDDD81296F8DF" author="McKnight" box="[666,681,1769,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 b) Crinoids from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 129 - 137." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FD44DDDB13A0F8DF" author="Rowe" box="[693,927,1769,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, 510 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Depth range:
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FBBDDDDB14FEF8DC" box="[1100,1217,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0649999999999995" metricValueMax="9.84" metricValueMin="0.29" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="506.5" valueMax="984.0" valueMin="29.0">
29–
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFADA173FB87DDDB14FEF8DC" box="[1142,1217,1770,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="generic">984 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FB3DDDDB15A3F8DC" box="[1228,1436,1770,1793]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FB3DDDDB15A3F8DC" box="[1228,1436,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the western Atlantic from the southeastern
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FD16DC3C1324F8FB" box="[743,795,1805,1830]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FCB0DC3C13A9F8FB" box="[833,918,1805,1830]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FCB0DC3C13A9F8FB" box="[833,918,1805,1830]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
and Bahama Islands to
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFADA173FB55DC3C153CF8FB" box="[1188,1283,1805,1830]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FAE3DC3F10ECF897" author="Meyer" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Meyer, D. L., Messing, C. G. &amp; Macurda, Jr., D. B. (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1978">
Meyer
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FA95DC3F15A3F8F8" box="[1380,1436,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
). The great majority of records are from depths of ~
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FCAADC0313DAF894" box="[859,997,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="100.0">
100–
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFADA173FC63DC0313DAF894" box="[914,997,1842,1866]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="generic">400 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Only
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FBCDDC031483F894" box="[1084,1212,1841,1865]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luetkeni">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FBCDDC031483F894" box="[1084,1212,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">C. luetkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported consistently from &lt;
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFADA173FE83DC6711FDF8B0" box="[370,450,1878,1902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FE83DC671182F8B0" box="[370,445,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FE38DC6712FDF8B3" author="Rowe" box="[457,706,1877,1902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, 510 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
give a depth range of
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FC33DC67141AF8B0" box="[962,1061,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="11.3" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="57.5" valueMax="113.0" valueMin="2.0">2–113 m</quantity>
for this species, citing AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FAAFDC6410DEF84F" author="Clark" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark (1931)</bibRefCitation>
and HL
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FEBFDC4811DCF84F" author="Clark" box="[334,483,1913,1938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Clark, H. L. (1946) The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 566, 1 - 568." type="journal article" year="1946">Clark (1946)</bibRefCitation>
, but these sources give a depth range for this species of
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FB8EDC4814C8F84C" box="[1151,1271,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="82.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="29.0">
29–
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFADA173FB5ADC4814C8F84C" box="[1195,1271,1913,1938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="generic">135 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Based on the description, specimens attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FDDADCAF1284F868" box="[555,699,1949,1973]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FDDADCAF1284F868" box="[555,699,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">C. magnifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFADA173FD14DCAF134BF86B" author="Kogo" box="[741,884,1950,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refString="Kogo, I. (1998) Crinoids from Japan and its adjacent waters. Special Publication of the Osaka Museum of National History, 30, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1998">Kogo (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and collected in
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FBC2DCAC149CF868" box="[1075,1187,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="6.15" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="6.1">6.1–6.2 m</quantity>
off
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFADA173FB20DCAC1509F86B" box="[1233,1334,1949,1974]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
are most likely
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FF2FDCF01228F804" box="[222,535,1985,2009]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Alloeocomatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FF2FDCF01228F804" box="[222,535,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Alloeocomatella pectinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FDD7DCF31320F804" box="[550,799,1985,2009]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FDD7DCF31320F804" box="[550,799,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comissia norfolkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFADA173FCA6DCF313D7F804" box="[855,1000,1985,2009]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFADA173FCA6DCF313D7F804" box="[855,1000,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all occur at depths greater than
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFADA173FAA5DCF315A3F804" box="[1364,1436,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
(AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAAA174FF20DBA6116CFF6D" author="Clark" box="[209,339,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAAA174FE91DBA6121CFF6D" author="McKnight" box="[352,547,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 a) Additions to the New Zealand crinoid fauna. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 93 - 112." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">McKnight 1977a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAAA174FDDEDBA6127FFF6D" author="McKnight" box="[559,576,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 b) Crinoids from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 129 - 137." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
). Hoggett &amp; Rowe (1986) give a maximum depth for the genus of
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFAAA174FACEDBA915A8FF72" box="[1343,1431,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</quantity>
, but this appears to be an error.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFAAA174FF36DBEE121EFD77" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAAA174FF36DBEE1136FDE0" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FF36DBEE1104FF25" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</emphasis>
Despite revisions by Hoggett &amp; Rowe (1986) and Messing (2001) that removed several species and redefined the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FE75DA3511D3FEC6" box="[388,492,260,283]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FE75DA3511D3FEC6" box="[388,492,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Comissia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains diagnosed by generalized features and may still not be a clade. Therefore,
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FF66DA19108FFEE2" box="[151,176,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C.</emphasis>
(formerly
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FEC1DA1811E9FE9D" box="[304,470,297,320]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Leptonemaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FEC1DA1811E9FE9D" box="[304,470,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Leptonemaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FE1BDA181275FE9D" box="[490,586,297,320]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FE1BDA181275FE9D" box="[490,586,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sole western Atlantic species, is included here tentatively. Likewise,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FF66DA7D118AFEB9" box="[151,437,332,356]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="decumatilos">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FF66DA7D118AFEB9" box="[151,437,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Comatulides decumatilos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provisionally placed here following Hoggett and Rowe (1986), as it has oral combs similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FE8EDA4111C0FE55" box="[383,511,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luetkeni">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FE8EDA4111C0FE55" box="[383,511,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. luetkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and different from those of monotypic
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FC11DA4114CDFE55" box="[992,1266,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="decameros">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FC11DA4114CDFE55" box="[992,1266,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Comatulides decameros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, the
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFAAA174FF66DAA510C6FE70" box="[151,249,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
lacks a disc, so its mouth position is unknown. Several other species previously placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FB0BDAA5155DFE76" box="[1274,1378,404,427]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FB0BDAA5155DFE76" box="[1274,1378,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Comissia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with various degrees of uncertainty (Hoggett &amp; Rowe 1986; Messing 2001) are discussed below as taxa of uncertain status.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FF17DAED11E0FE29" box="[230,479,476,500]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FF17DAED11E0FE29" box="[230,479,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Comissia norfolkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only species available to us that was amenable to genetic analysis, occurs well outside the central East Indian region where most species have been collected and thus may not be representative of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFAAA174FF66D9A1121EFD77" blockId="20.[151,545,656,682]" box="[151,545,656,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFAAA174FF66D9A1121EFD77" bold="true" box="[151,545,656,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFAAA174FF66D9A11179FD75" box="[151,326,656,682]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="tribe" tribe="Comasterini">COMASTERINI</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFAAA174FE71D9A1121EFD77" author="Clark" box="[384,545,656,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Clark, A. H. (1908 a) The genus Comatula Lamarck; with a note on the Encrinus parrae of Guerin. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 33, 683 - 688." type="journal article" year="1908" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1908a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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