203 lines
21 KiB
XML
203 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="612D05346D6D3995571784D923BD8C5F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188392" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4683115e-4971-4b8f-bb75-1a3f9b104521" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188392" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461090263440" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pitts, James P., Wilson, Joseph S., Williams, Kevin A. & Boehme, Nicole F." docDate="2009" docId="03933237FFD29800039EFA7655BCFCC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02131p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2131" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa Schuster" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFAA4A4FFFCE981D0309FFCC5617FFA2" masterDocTitle="Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Algodones sand dunes of California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698588327638" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C174DD23B22FF30BC9766E94910B61F4">Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Algodones sand dunes of California, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E3C2D65F8CDA9E3A78E4A63D16540CB1">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="365F1B95EB8E8AFEF9B795CF72EA1207">Wilson, Joseph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA4B89AEB587DB6DA0CFA80A3BD75D6C">Williams, Kevin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD0BB23ABDDFC1F3B5BBEE8DD09D6171">Boehme, Nicole F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="066C500422AAEC8C258560BE1327A2E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2195F3115F8B86C9303ED1927CD2C251">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="204294D381C5AF723819407F7A6438D1">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="363706F29E512E6302DEC8B56EB7B183">2131</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="521D5DBE4527A723C330A13D03BAF41A">53</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="99F324275849E50E6F980A467ECBF765" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188392</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D53F65186E91283FBF2F68E1E7979F6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C03E1636B73B328CFA8DB22CE48DBF56" type="Zenodo-Dep">188392</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03933237FFD29800039EFA7655BCFCC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03933237FFD29800039EFA7655BCFCC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03933237FFD29800039EFA7655BCFCC8" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD29801039EFA76549EFA76" box="[151,649,1466,1492]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD29801039EFA76549EFA76" blockId="28.[151,649,1466,1492]" box="[151,649,1466,1492]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0CD344DFFD29801039EFA76549EFA76" bold="true" box="[151,649,1466,1492]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD29801039EFA76549EFA76" authority="Schuster" authorityName="Schuster" box="[151,649,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD29801039EFA76549EFA76" bold="true" box="[151,649,1466,1492]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD29801039EFA765402FA76" bold="true" box="[151,533,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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Schuster
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD29801039EF9C85461F999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD29801039EF9C85461F999" blockId="28.[151,1436,1540,1595]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD29801039EF9C85486F9B9" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,657,1540,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD29801039EF9C857FCF9B9" box="[151,491,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFD2980102FBF9C85486F9B9" author="Schuster" box="[498,657,1540,1563]" pageId="28" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Ent. Amer. 37: 51. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFD2980100A1F9C85215F9B9" box="[936,1026,1540,1563]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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data: Palm Springs, California,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFD29801065EF9C856E8F999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1933-05-01">1 May 1933</date>
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, at light, Theo. Zschokke (UMSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD29801039EF9A7540FF8BD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD29801039EF9A7540FF8BD" blockId="28.[151,1436,1642,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD29801039EF9A75762F926" box="[151,373,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
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The male of this species can be recognized by having the marginal cell much shorter than the stigma as measured along the costal vein, and by having two pairs of mesosternal processes forming a square pattern with the anterior pair much more obvious than the posterior pair. Also, the mandibles are deeply emarginate along the ventral margin, but the mandible slightly narrows towards the apex. The genitalia are illustrated in
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<figureCitation id="13019FA4FFD298010255F8C95402F8BD" box="[348,533,1797,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 22" captionStartId="8.[151,271,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,186,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,177,1925]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 22. Dorsal view of genitalia, except Figs. 15, 17, 19, and 21 lateral view of cuspis. 7. Odontophotopsis ambigua; 8. O. arcuata; 9. O. aufidia; 10. O. biramosa; 11. O. clypeata; 12. O. inconspicua; 13. O. melicausa; 14 and 15. O. obscura; 16 and 17. O. parva; 18 and 19. O. quadrispinosa; 20 and 21 O. sonora; and 22. O. villosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188394/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 18 and 19</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD2980103CCF8E05233F8E4" box="[197,1060,1836,1862]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD2980103CCF8E05233F8E4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1642,2016]" box="[197,1060,1836,1862]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD2980103CCF8E05733F8E7" box="[197,292,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female.</emphasis>
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Unknown, but is likely the unassociated female described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD2980103CCF89F5275F842" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD2980103CCF89F5275F842" blockId="28.[151,1436,1642,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD2980103CCF89F57A2F8CE" box="[197,437,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD2980102B4F89E5454F8CE" bold="true" box="[445,579,1874,1900]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">California</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD29801015DF89F54E6F8CE" authority="Co." authorityName="Co." box="[596,753,1874,1900]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aurelianidae" genus="Imperial" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD29801015DF89F54FEF8CE" box="[596,745,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Imperial Co</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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: Algodones Dunes: Cahuilla Ranger Sta.,
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<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFD2980107F4F89E535DF8CE" box="[1277,1354,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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WSW Glamis,
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<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFD2980103F5F8B55747F831" box="[252,336,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFD298010254F8B5544EF831" box="[349,601,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2008-09-22" valueMax="2008-11-15" valueMin="2008-09-22">22.Sep–15.Nov.2008</date>
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, E. Dreyfus (
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<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFD2980101F1F8B55546F831" box="[760,849,1913,1939]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UCDC</collectionCode>
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); Wash Rd.,
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<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFD2980100E0F8B5522BF831" box="[1001,1084,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
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SE Hwy 78, Glamis,
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<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFD29801064DF8B55380F831" box="[1348,1431,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFD29801039EF86C5755F818" box="[151,322,1952,1978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2008-07-07" valueMax="2008-07-10" valueMin="2008-07-07">7–10.Jul.2008</date>
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, R. Kimsey and T. Zavortink (
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<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFD2980101A4F86C5511F818" box="[685,774,1952,1978]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UCDC</collectionCode>
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); Glamis,
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<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFD298010089F86C55ADF818" box="[896,954,1952,1978]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi</quantity>
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. W,
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<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFD2980100E7F86C5256F818" box="[1006,1089,1952,1978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFD298010747F86C52F6F818" box="[1102,1249,1952,1978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2004-06-21">21.Jun.2004</date>
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, K.A. Williams (
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<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFD298010396F80A56EAF842" box="[159,253,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">KAWC</collectionCode>
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); S. Ruthven,
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<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFD2980102ABF80A57E8F842" box="[418,511,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFD298010102F80A54B7F842" box="[523,672,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2001-04-30">30.Apr.2001</date>
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, D.C. Hawks and D. Yanega (
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<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFD2980100F6F80A5241F842" box="[1023,1110,1990,2016]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">UCRC</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD3980003CCFF5454A0FF10" box="[197,695,152,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD3980003CCFF5454A0FF10" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,874]" box="[197,695,152,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980003CCFF54574BFF13" box="[197,348,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Sonoran and Mojave deserts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFD3980003CCFF7355BCFCC8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFD3980003CCFF73550CFF5D" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980003CCFF73572FFF7A" box="[197,312,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species is rare throughout its range and is not endemic to the dunes. The mesosternal processes are weak and sometimes difficult to observe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD3980003CCFEC0551FFD96" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFD3980003F4FEC0577FFE84" box="[253,360,268,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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from Baja California (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFD39800018BFEC05553FE84" author="Ferguson" box="[642,836,268,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="52" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biology Series, 8, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is apparently lost, but a
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFD398000776FEC052FEFE84" box="[1151,1257,268,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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is available at UMSP. We designate this
|
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFD3980002C4FEFE5424FEEE" box="[461,563,306,332]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
as a
|
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFD398000178FEFE54D9FEEE" box="[625,718,306,332]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
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to aid future taxonomists with this difficult group of wasps. This is especially important, because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFD39800016AFE95553AFED1" author="Ferguson" box="[611,813,345,371]" pageId="29" pageNumber="52" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biology Series, 8, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed that the specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFD39800063DFE9556F1FE38" author="Schuster" pageId="29" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were abnormal in having small wing cells, similar to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD398000066FE4C55E7FE3B" box="[879,1008,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD398000066FE4C55E7FE3B" box="[879,1008,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens Ferguson collected and called
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD39800021CFE6B57F6FE62" box="[277,481,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
|
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD39800021CFE6B57F6FE62" box="[277,481,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O. quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had similar genitalia to that described by Schuster, but the wing venation slightly differs. In both cases the marginal cell is shorter than the stigma. It is likely that after more specimens are collected, intermediate forms will be found unquestionably showing that these two forms represent the same species with variable, size-dependant, wing venation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFD3980003CCFD8D55BCFCC8" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980003CCFD8D545DFDF8" box="[197,586,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980003CCFD8D545DFDF8" box="[197,586,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD39800003AFD8D55A0FDF8" box="[819,951,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD39800003AFD8D55A0FDF8" box="[819,951,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in general can be confused for this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980003F4FDA4546BFD23" box="[253,636,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980003F4FDA4546BFD23" box="[253,636,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two pairs of small tubercles on each side of the mesosternum. The tubercles are roughly four times farther apart than they are long and are situated in a square-shaped pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980003F4FD795423FD6C" box="[253,564,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980003F4FD795423FD6C" box="[253,564,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphaeropthalma difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks mesosternal processes. Also, although the genitalia of these two species are quite similar in shape, especially the shape of the cuspis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980000F4FD1052C1FD57" box="[1021,1238,732,757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980000F4FD1052C1FD57" box="[1021,1238,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O. quadrispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the slight swelling and downward directed tuft of long setae situated at the apex of the cuspis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980007A9FCCE530AFCB9" box="[1184,1309,770,795]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980007A9FCCE530AFCB9" box="[1184,1309,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses. It is likely that these two species, along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFD3980001AAFCE55252FCE1" authority="Schuster" authorityName="Schuster" box="[675,1093,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFD3980001AAFCE555C0FCE0" box="[675,983,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Photomorphus californica</emphasis>
|
||
Schuster
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, will be found closely related in future molecular analyses given their morphological similarities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |