224 lines
21 KiB
XML
224 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="916F8B04A1545DFF2EF94071D5281592" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7887c2f9-a00f-484e-93c2-595204b8e28d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-133" ID-ZooBank="3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-133" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 1" ModsDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" checkinTime="1554510561182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Griesbaum, Frederic, Hirschfeld, Mareike, F. Barej, Michael, Schmitz, Andreas, Rohrmoser, Mariam, Dahmen, Matthias, Muehlberger, Fabian, Christoph Liedtke, H., L. Gonwouo, Nono, Doumbia, Joseph & Roedel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2019" docId="FC2958B73038E016107096155B262D5A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 95(1): 133-160" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" docTitle="Astylosternus batesi Boulenger 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="7B4FFF9EFF8EFFA7275BFFDEFFA0A36C" masterDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1701316964302" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="31578DA058305FFB381AC6E066ACDBD0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="158F16C90E94EFE478A0DAE17F2B1873">
|
||
<mods:title id="CE5BD9893DE00DA39A3B8BDFEF33D498">Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="66EC2D72C850DAD2883BAF0BD6497AC6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="76D198C79062FAE8DF0E9D1DC6075218">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1AA95238ED3BE77DC81CA3834D579D16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6078F2AC0ACACD2CE39B201FE49B6083">Griesbaum, Frederic</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="104E56ED9AA9BF03C2333A04ADF7638D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5E3D203E18F72F89186E4CD4FF08F021">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FED05A204EC2A7C1466967B333C13763">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4B648AD8A9ABA5B60630B3ECDC40036C">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A02BDB7976D4657E13B932C6F1C28CEA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E1BD137F0D5818B76980051B6121E03E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2470DB467ACCB9EB3D0E5AAEE3673B27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C3E017E752893A693F183A5ECF763120">F. Barej, Michael</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D5653A3ED6D04274C2E68FAA49CB3204" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C4620A33D0EE1CDE59304D26F9D3439A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="139DCE781402B06A1AB7FED536675C13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B319B063D40E9A8F5725DA836D57D0A8">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="161CE293B163987A9D1C37A36427B8E3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="395D607A96A16C5E18685B39D256FC36">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="157E14164DD9567D13C3AFD7BFE3FCF1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8E54CE55FF850A7003ABD4CC04E078BC">Rohrmoser, Mariam</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CB9FC603A45FC29DE01F6AE8413E4424" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0C364038D15EB4DDBB5A2889A635FBE2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="70C69C9D2B51B4C973DD89DDF4E4A3E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EFA43F0E3DDB412A1851657328137141">Dahmen, Matthias</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9F5CB76067E293811423C89C5931A9B8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C9F7175D0D9889A683D9C22F92F39835">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C71E9E3246B66AF520892DAF6E3A1395">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6F9ABFEFCDA89B8B09E923E5881DF9C1">Muehlberger, Fabian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="18D816C50A9A497956E171791A3A4E9C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6B65FB2EB3C60102BCA8570C40AE638B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="139F572BA267DE47CCB8E1E3C3618984">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3FFAC8352A28C3EC423A5F328A7554E7">Christoph Liedtke, H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1C9A4AA3770597A097A6C77B400D6793" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="002D789233ED0690A5C982B403BF0AFC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CA3EDD970293BD375D5A91067E60A12A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0768FFC21B434F0BC4D8F76E16FF18F7">L. Gonwouo, Nono</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CC2285CCC1B443F544694A8A843D1EE2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DB19515B1A1BE2A2F1D55559775DB956">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="98427BCB4FFE580FFEED24C5A8AB5C42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7E1EE2EAEE8FCDE3A4F434231F2B4548">Doumbia, Joseph</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="46D95A7BC08DDA73E7D71220279A1F06" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BF3EA68D8BEA7696544A98B6113C7F1B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="45B219EC83C04E856C14BE147109CFFC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4B9D1337594FD489CC2D17B65E1E9CC2">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CC039A606B0EF52F386B63FBD4970272">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="8E360FADAF07AE2DA0DDD1F52E363F73" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="37CB34789C0B124FE5274A606A71F73A">
|
||
<mods:title id="A55ED538837576059266AFD4D1CBC551">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BDB203A7838B996B187DE7BD5AA82845">
|
||
<mods:date id="F7461F0778ADA5EBFBD080A017E6A22F">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1470DFCD19E9BEC558C2F5B0E3ED29CB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2E853B4ABBA8B52AA690E2DA6D1EAC65">95</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="04B63B08097529B70754F7A0C2A96E0A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="A79DD2FA662B066B9B3D1A82834C8ABC">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="069C58BA8802C5743D5BF9D7D981B8A0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="98937D6054426A73C8863A408317B069">133</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="559292C7F49B6D07833A8E173C3B4E6C">160</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="7B7C74429E6814BC9970449808719422">
|
||
<mods:url id="23D5A2028A5BEFBD9BD34A98FE062F0D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8519FDD029531EDBD3D62A026AEF0F3F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D66A1ECAB9692ACFDC8950806429E4F2" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="306D613FFC60F7BD5831C8FA130811FA" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-133</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="729BAEE9F717356DCB069ED15E10B8FD" type="ZooBank">3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="FC2958B73038E016107096155B262D5A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156108978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC2958B73038E016107096155B262D5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC2958B73038E016107096155B262D5A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<subSubSection id="61DF306852D6177AA94EEAEB4C4D2A20" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B194701FE3DAA887591AC6385DBF5DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D286E699BD8BE1397181F886650E7CF1" ID-CoL="J63Y" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus batesi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesi">Astylosternus batesi (Boulenger, 1900)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DBC5306F434E71173A676D7EB72D28F1" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="70DDB76B50AB4081DBD0243321DC64B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="51702561E37227E25BF467DA5E7C0707" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
ZMB 82863 (GenBank MK318840), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Kala, 899
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="537D9F3714DD491D218A78A432B58253" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" start="start">m</pageBreakToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4D45959BA86E94474718A869244D6B34" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.8410165">3°50'27.66"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ADD1570A265384E30066C6466D3A3AFC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.347899">11°20'52.44"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 November 2011, leg. M.F. Barej, H.C. Liedtke & N.L. Gonwouo; ZMB 82864 (GenBank MK318841), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 893 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="15F71AD484190386D719952829C16D2F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3644333">4°21'51.96"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3A7BCCA72D751A9D608573A374C50B6C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.419517">10°25'10.26"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 September 2011, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 82865 (GenBank MK318842), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 852 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BBD809DCD49A01884EC72770E59C1A20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3651">4°21'54.36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="283996710291C15C748A458D2D5E0085" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.421451">10°25'17.22"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 September 2011, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 82866 (GenBank MK318843), 2 tadpoles, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 917 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9523A83ADB8C6638D350F50DACD31E4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3576164">4°21'27.42"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1F1E3148A7591765AA7F0D8B35EFF121" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.418317">10°25'5.94"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59C4A17E56E4B3489CEDDC64043D2424" originalValue="Grözinger">Groezinger</normalizedToken>
|
||
; ZMB 82784 (GenBank MK318844), Gosner stage 36, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 807 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A8869292F17B2BB0685FF2B0643D4787" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.365083">4°21'54.3"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DAE55FD64DBD98EB486B8CF5467F87D6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.423484">10°25'24.54"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB6C2B77B521F14237C34434BD9145AE" originalValue="Grözinger">Groezinger</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B396C99563664F883714DB97F34B11F" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">All tadpoles were caught in small to medium-sized streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82865 and ZMB 82784. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult frog (MC11_205; GenBank MK318905) from Mount Kala, near Kala village, Cameroon. The genotyped individuals were genetically almost identical, the maximum uncorrected p-differences in pairwise comparisons was 0.2% (1 bp).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E015A9876064FC83253C4847C6E5FDD2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="76D9138C3861295C133D05CA730EAAF1" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2BA7CEB46154D3C38586CCE7C3C7F1E3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
|
||
Long slender tadpole with long, muscular tail and narrow fins (Fig. 1); body oblong oval in dorsal and lateral view; back with a medial longitudinal-depression; snout rounded in dorsal view, more narrow-rounded in lateral view; body length approximately 0.3 (31.3-36.7%, N = 3) of total length; body height 46.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E93935477B6DF89CBC6E53728C1865B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.6% of body length; body width 60.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="209FC5B357D76A6AEA5D70058804DE9E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.0% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 11.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BE42028A114DA0FCD3AE6D7F87C86267" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 75.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="151EB0E130F1446B2240953F01710613" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
9.7% of interorbital distance; tail fins narrow, dorsal and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5153D989AA89E7209E2386D83542FD6A" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" start="start">ventral</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fin originating from tail base, ventral fin height narrow, reaching 70.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF72D7CAE3E4E925995FD60BD759715C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.7% of dorsal fin height; highest part of tail approximately in the middle of the tail; body height 91.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="358421EACA96FF6462D80B06F752F1B2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
11.5% of maximum tail height; tail axis width 41.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3FEC1686E6FD658D761B92DA38C4EAD0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
11.4% of body width; tail axis height 59.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5BCCF119B6E27D4449BD51F14775DE99" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
13.9% of maximum tail height; tail tip rounded; vent tube dextral; body with large lateral air sacs, extending from spiracle to end of body; short spiracle, sinistral; mouth ventral, very close to snout, narrower than interorbital distance; keratodont formula 1:2/2+2:1; anterior lip only lateral with papillae, large rostral gap; posterior lip with 2-3 rows of approximately 20 uniform papillae, papillae triangular and approximately as long as broad (Fig. 1d); black jaw sheaths massive and serrated; upper jaw with a big medial projection (fang); lower jaw U-shaped with a medial notch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D34EDEC8F74266F9A3DC6342CB8790DA" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<paragraph id="017F0D8EDAA7EEABAF5D4F0412E22E96" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F2A10E58E3D4EB2BBA071045E916D2" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus batesi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesi">Astylosternus batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles; a ZMB 82865 (Gosner stage 25) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8192B6076E79F2390216268942A8AE8A" originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
ZMB 82784 (Gosner stage 36);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A0A7CFA827DCBBB0F2E10392327C65BD" originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral, and c dorsal view; d oral disc; e keratodont arrangement; black bars = 1 cm, white bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3AD6159BC84832F3D742ABA945F980DD" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
The largest tadpole, still Gosner stage 25 (ZMB 82865), measured 25 mm body length. The most developed specimen (ZMB 82784, Gosner stage 36) had similar body length of 24.7 mm. When reconstructing the tail tip of the largest specimens by the shape of tails in smaller specimens we estimate the maximum total length of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC10E483C9CAFA6E5AD9E02D92964079" lsidName="A. batesi" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="batesi">A. batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles to be 60-80 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2AF03A908479277912E4A2C5A1C042A" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="coloration in preservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="29257F57B01AEABF277AC9CFCACA4B62" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Coloration in preservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA8BCBD2319073BD6CD55D47FD1608F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Brown, slightly fading from snout to tail; dorsal surfaces with irregular dark speckles; ventral surfaces without or only few darker markings; tail fins sometimes with dark blotches or speckles, partly transparent. Life color of very small specimens with much yolk, were much lighter than larger specimens (Fig. 2), showing distinct black blotches on body and tail axis, tail fins completely transparent.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B9D41DA41CF9E52BB6DFE5059A989003" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BC3D84210F65F135153E7D8CFEB5344" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Figure 2. Young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E4FCDF2E7429878753733F4A4622503" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus batesi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesi">Astylosternus batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles (ZMB 82863) in life, Gosner stage 25 at a total length of about 15 mm, still with large amounts of yolk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AFF30AC460359277D617A717BB1D3B92" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="01E501245250449D62EB73465A66D606" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C7EFBCBA4B19E1B09E2161DFBDBC6A39" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62A4196AD12EFFD7342ED1F7B8FB0366" author="Channing, A" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt / M." pageId="20" pageNumber="153" title="Tadpoles of Africa - The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa." year="2012">Channing et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the anterior lip has three rows of keratodonts, 1:2+2/2+2:1. We cannot exclude that our specimens lost the very short third row, likewise it is possible that populations vary in this character.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="848F17A253B20070445125B062BFF759" author="Channing, A" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt / M." pageId="20" pageNumber="153" title="Tadpoles of Africa - The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa." year="2012">Channing et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe coloration to be partly yellowish or reddish on back and flanks, ventrally bluish to violet, dark spots on all surfaces, lessso on the venter.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44BABC5D4430C0D9F6F4E75DDD42CC83" author="Angel, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="219 - 222" title="Sur les tetards d'un batracien anoure d'Afrique, de la famille des Ranides (groupe des Astylosternines)." volume="55" year="1930">Angel (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a tadpole as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21193DADBAA95C059C64C7B049D7054B" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Gampsosteonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gampsosteonyx batesi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesi">Gampsosteonyx batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As this tadpole originated from an area that is outside the present day range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="265AF3F427EBF1BF0B7260FC43076643" lsidName="A. batesi" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="batesi">A. batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the description might have be based on another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6D2E124CEA90B46DA3F865185B21051" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Astylosternus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="569204C041EB236A7DC9CF48F8787C9C" author="Channing, A" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt / M." pageId="20" pageNumber="153" title="Tadpoles of Africa - The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa." year="2012">Channing et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="549929664A2693A8FA0B59706923CCF3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="taxonomic remark">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E6730518AC6D672CA1E54F1B20C8EB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Taxonomic remark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E74F33869B362FE08A9A03382D59A6A0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Whereas all genotyped tadpoles were genetically almost identical amongst each other and an adult from Mount Kala, Cameroon, further genetic comparisons with specimens from across the range of the species revealed three distinct genetic lineages (results not shown). Our tadpoles originated from Cameroon. All genetic samples from Gabon and the Republic of Congo, fell into a different clade. As the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A0B70CDECDF9C322B56E153882D2439" lsidName="A. batesi" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="batesi">A. batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
however, is
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="75A108E3E3B0790A9A901B790C8A1381" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" start="start">"</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Benito River, Gaboon" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD838DAA76EEC060C6DD1559F58A9C38" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="433 - 456" title="A list of the batrachians and reptiles of the Gaboon (French Congo), with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="1900" year="1900">Boulenger 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the tadpoles on which our descriptions is based may thus actually belong to an undescribed species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02E895410EFBD0A19630C056D48E684D" lsidName="A. batesi" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="batesi">A. batesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |