372 lines
42 KiB
XML
372 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7335ecae-6530-4c8a-98ea-69e46b7c0010" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390583" ID-ZooBank="201AE2F6-58EC-44E5-94D1-EDA7FB2C7D86" checkinTime="1669808081566" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valenti, Pietro, Vlachos, Evangelos, Kehlmaier, Christian, Fritz, Uwe, Georgalis, Georgios L., Luján, Àngel Hernández, Miccichè, Roberto, Sineo, Luca & Delfino, Massimo" docDate="2022" docId="8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac044.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Solitudo sicula Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino 2022, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1714" masterDocId="75099C3A3078FF9FED1FFF89E34B5642" masterDocTitle="The last of the large-sized tortoises of the Mediterranean islands" masterLastPageNumber="1717" masterPageNumber="1704" pageNumber="1711" updateTime="1669991331613" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The last of the large-sized tortoises of the Mediterranean islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Valenti, Pietro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vlachos, Evangelos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kehlmaier, Christian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fritz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Luján, Àngel Hernández</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miccichè, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sineo, Luca</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Delfino, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1704</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1717</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">7335ecae-6530-4c8a-98ea-69e46b7c0010</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390591" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1714" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[957,1277,910,934]" box="[957,1277,910,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<heading box="[957,1277,910,934]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino, 2022" authorityName="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[957,1171,910,934]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula" status="SP. NOV.">SOLITUDO SICULA</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1178,1277,910,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1178,1277,910,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[1065,1169,949,974]" box="[1065,1169,949,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<figureCitation box="[1065,1169,949,974]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="7.[145,225,1804,1826]" captionStartId-1="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox-0="[212,1377,1192,1735]" captionTargetBox-1="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId-0="figure-508@7.[145,1425,1165,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figure 4. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Holotype ZCSP US.0-Q2, right femur, in dorsal (A), anterior (B), ventral (C), posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) view. The right femur of the extant Te. marginata (the largest Mediterranean extant tortoise) is included for comparison at the same scale. Scale bar = 10 cm." captionText-1="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390595" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7390595/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">FIGS 4–5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1714" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[809,1426,989,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<emphasis box="[809,1133,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
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urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act:
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<uuid box="[889,1401,1020,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">F5011B57-E559-4F72-9131-D457D8B6B998</uuid>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[809,1425,1082,1135]" lastBlockId="8.[163,780,1474,1711]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1712" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZCSP" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis box="[809,918,1082,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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<typeStatus box="[809,912,1082,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[940,1006,1083,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">ZCSP</collectionCode>
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US.0-Q2, an almost complete right femur, missing only part of the major trochanter (
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<figureCitation box="[1350,1411,1113,1135]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[212,1377,1192,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-508@7.[145,1425,1165,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Holotype ZCSP US.0-Q2, right femur, in dorsal (A), anterior (B), ventral (C), posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) view. The right femur of the extant Te. marginata (the largest Mediterranean extant tortoise) is included for comparison at the same scale. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390595/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZCSP" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis box="[163,293,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">
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<typeStatus box="[163,286,1475,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[307,376,1474,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">ZCSP</collectionCode>
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US.0-Q1, a fragment of a right ischium (
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||
<figureCitation box="[269,384,1505,1527]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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; ZCSP US.2-Q4, a left pubis (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
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);
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZCSP" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode box="[246,311,1536,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">ZCSP</collectionCode>
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US.0-Q3, an ungual phalanx (
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<figureCitation box="[656,718,1535,1558]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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E-G). Due to the uncertainty of the attribution of the four skeletal remains to a single individual (see below), we do not group the ischium, the pubis and the phalanx along with the femur as a single
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<typeStatus box="[534,632,1658,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">holotype</typeStatus>
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, but we keep them separated
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390595/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" startId="7.[145,225,1804,1826]" targetBox="[212,1377,1192,1735]" targetPageId="7">
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||
<paragraph blockId="7.[145,1425,1804,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,251,1804,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino, 2022" authorityName="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[263,424,1804,1826]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[263,424,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo sicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[431,509,1804,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Holotype ZCSP US.0-Q2, right femur, in dorsal (A), anterior (B), ventral (C), posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) view. The right femur of the extant
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||
<emphasis box="[352,498,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
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Te.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[387,498,1862,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(the largest Mediterranean extant tortoise) is included for comparison at the same scale. Scale bar = 10 cm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" startId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" targetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[163,1443,1328,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,272,1328,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino, 2022" authorityName="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[284,449,1329,1351]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis box="[284,449,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Solitudo sicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[457,537,1329,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[163,779,1751,1896]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,197,280]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1713" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,427,1751,1773]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Type locality and age:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZCSP" country="Italy" county="The" elevation="15" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1713" location="Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave" municipality="Locality" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia">
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C:0446038F3070FF97ECDDF95EE3955149" country="Italy" county="The" municipality="Locality" name="Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" stateProvince="Sicilia">Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave</location>
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||
,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C:0446038F3070FF97EDF6F97FE145514E" box="[233,526,1782,1804]" country="Italy" county="The" municipality="Locality" name="Municipality of Bagheria" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" stateProvince="Sicilia">Municipality of Bagheria</location>
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, near
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8930E442307FFF95EEA2FC07E2E9553C:0446038F3070FF97EF4AF97FE1FD514E" box="[597,694,1782,1804]" country="Italy" county="The" municipality="Locality" name="Palermo" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" stateProvince="Sicilia">Palermo</location>
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, northwestern
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<collectingRegion box="[271,339,1813,1835]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Sicily</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[354,413,1813,1835]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Italy</collectingCountry>
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. Latest Late Pleistocene. For details about the locality, see
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<collectingMunicipality box="[529,626,1843,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Locality</collectingMunicipality>
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information above.
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<collectingCounty box="[240,284,1874,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">The</collectingCounty>
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tortoise remains here described come from an archaeological funerary area (
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<bibRefCitation author="Battaglia G & Micciche RM & Forgia V & Mannino MA & Scopelliti MG & Sineo L & Valenti P" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" pagination="102276" refId="ref9030" refString="Battaglia G, Micciche RM, Forgia V, Mannino MA, Scopelliti MG, Sineo L, Valenti P. 2020. New perspectives on the human occupation of the Gulf of Palermo during the Metal Ages: the funerary cave of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro (Bagheria) and the necropolis of Viale Venere (Mondello, Palermo). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 31: 102276." type="journal article" year="2020">
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Battaglia
|
||
<emphasis box="[1373,1436,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) placed at a depth of −
|
||
<quantity box="[1149,1227,1505,1527]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" unit="m" value="15.4">
|
||
<elevation box="[1149,1227,1505,1527]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712" unit="m" value="15.4">15.4 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance and characterized by disturbance caused by human and/or animal activity that determined a complex stratigraphy. The remains of the pubis,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1270,1335,1597,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">ZCSP</collectionCode>
|
||
US.2-Q4, was AMS-dated revealing an age of 12.5 ± 0.5 kya BP (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1167,1247,1658,1680]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,241,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[343,1272,198,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[331,1275,195,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Consensus tree of the seven most parsimonious trees of 5469 steps, resulting from the cladistic analysis of extant and extinct tortoises (22 taxa scored for 177 morphological characters). The femora of the circum-Mediterranean tortoises represent three morphotypes that are independent from body size. They belong mostly to two different morphotypes (I, II) that show a phylogenetic signal within Testudininae, i.e. Testudinini vs. Geochelonini, whereas insular tortoises from the Mediterranean show a different morphotype (III). The simplified drawings are not to scale. Abbreviations: major tr.: major trochanter; minor tr.: minor trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390593/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1712">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
). All the tortoise material is referred to the latest Late Pleistocene assuming that it belongs to the same, extremely rare taxon (large-sized tortoises have never been reported in the several Sicilian Late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological and paleontological sites so far studied), even if not necessarily to a single specimen (considering the alteration of the stratigraphy, a non-demonstrable but likely option because of non-anatomical overlap of the preserved skeletal elements, as well as their congruent size and common testudinid morphology)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[145,759,321,374]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,285,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Latin adjective in feminine gender, meaning ‘Sicilian’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[145,761,414,620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,267,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Member of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[413,512,414,435]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,512,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Solitudo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the generic characters mentioned above. Differing from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenti & Vlachos & Kehlmaier & Fritz & Georgalis & Luján & Miccichè & Sineo & Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[264,363,476,497]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,363,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Solitudo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having trochanters that are at the same height with the femoral head, and a femoral head that is clearly elliptical, whereas in other species trochanters extend beyond the femoral head and the latter is not elliptical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[145,285,677,700]" box="[145,285,677,700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,285,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[145,762,717,1904]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1425,197,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,219,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Femur</emphasis>
|
||
: ZCSP US.0-Q2 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[411,473,717,739]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[212,1377,1192,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-508@7.[145,1425,1165,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Holotype ZCSP US.0-Q2, right femur, in dorsal (A), anterior (B), ventral (C), posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) view. The right femur of the extant Te. marginata (the largest Mediterranean extant tortoise) is included for comparison at the same scale. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390595/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[145,227,748,770]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[212,1377,1192,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-508@7.[145,1425,1165,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Holotype ZCSP US.0-Q2, right femur, in dorsal (A), anterior (B), ventral (C), posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) view. The right femur of the extant Te. marginata (the largest Mediterranean extant tortoise) is included for comparison at the same scale. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390595/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a well-preserved right femur with a total length of
|
||
<quantity box="[255,351,779,800]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The diaphysis is relatively slender and almost rectilinear, with a slight curvature on the distal part [more rectilinear than femora of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[145,266,870,891]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(adult and young individuals) and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[145,267,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
]. The dimensions of the narrowest point of the diaphysis are 13.1 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[427,530,932,953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. It is not possible to measure the original width of the femur at the level of the trochanters, as the trochanter major is laterally incomplete. The width of its preserved portion is
|
||
<quantity box="[145,228,1055,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The maximum width of the distal epiphysis is
|
||
<quantity box="[174,260,1085,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The neck is well defined, relatively long and contracted with respect to the maximum width of the head (not as in the Menorcan species which has a femoral head detached even more clearly from the neck). The minimum width of the neck is
|
||
<quantity box="[636,718,1208,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
; its minimum thickness is
|
||
<quantity box="[414,497,1238,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The intertrochanteric fossa is wide and occupies the entire surface between the trochanters; it is approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[564,643,1300,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep. The trochanters do not extend more proximally compared to the femoral head (see Supporting Information, Appendix S1 for comments on the orientation of the femur). The lateral surface of the head neck is nearly vertical, the head does not overhang the shaft as in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[145,256,1484,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,339,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Te</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[353,474,1484,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,474,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two trochanters are joined ventrally (so that the intertrochanteric fossa does not open ventrally), but the muscular insertion surfaces are clearly separated, and in medial view, the space between these two surfaces becomes thinner until it forms a relatively thin crest. In ventral view, this crest is not rectilinear but forms a wide ‘U’ (above which much of the head of the femur is visible). These areas of muscular insertion are clear, as they are defined by a thin ridge. A similar ridge delimits the ventral margin of the muscular insertion surface of the head—the one that overlooks the intertrochanteric fossa; another similar crest delimits the insertion region of the distal condyles. The area of muscular insertion of the small trochanter is clearly triangular, and probably also that of the great trochanter, although the latter is partially incomplete. On the anterior surface of the diaphysis of the femur, at the small trochanter, there is a long ridge of muscular insertion of the femorotibialis (more than half of the diaphysis) evident but moderately developed (although not as much as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1288,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[1167,1288,382,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); it remains close to the edge between the anterior and ventral surface. On the posterior surface of the diaphysis, in connection with the great trochanter, there is an elongated area (depression with an irregular base) of muscular insertion of the adductor femoris, which expands distally by curving in a dorsal direction until it reaches the dorsal edge of the posterior surface at about the half of the diaphysis. The femoral head is narrow, narrower than the combined width of the trochanters (even more if we account for the missing part) and oval, clearly elliptical in outline, being oriented at an angle of approximately 30° compared to the anteroposterior plane. Distally, the tibial and fibular condyles are connected by a ridge ventrally, which is gently curved but only weakly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[809,1426,903,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,917,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Ischium:</emphasis>
|
||
ZCSP US.0-Q1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1138,1266,903,925]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[963,1044,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Fig. S5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is an incomplete right ischium, missing the anteromedial area that contacts with the contralateral element and with the pubis. The anterior margin is laminar (it forms a sharp crest). On its ventral surface, at this anterior laminar margin there is a moderate depression medially bounded by an evident termination. The posterior margin is rounded and in dorsal view it forms a wide concavity. The dorsal surface near the medial margin is slightly concave. Posteromedially, the lateral ischial process forms a sort of low and broad tubercle with a rough surface (note that in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1050,1201,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[1089,1201,1271,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1419,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[1297,1419,1272,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the morphology is completely different, taking the shape of a pointed process). Near the posteromedial margin, the ischium thickens ventrally as it is also indicated by the shape of the suture area with the left ischium. The posterior surface of this thickened area is characterized by an area of muscular insertion delimited by a small ridge similar to that of the trochanters of the femur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[809,1425,1579,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,881,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Pubis:</emphasis>
|
||
ZCSP US.2-Q4 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1080,1194,1579,1601]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,244,1328,1350]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,200,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-258@8.[319,1286,195,1289]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Solitudo sicula sp. nov. from the latest Pleistocene of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro Cave, Sicily, Italy. Right ischium ZCSP US.0-Q1 in dorsomedial (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Left pubis ZCSP US.2-Q4 in ventromedial (C) and dorsolateral (D) views. Ungual phalanx ZCSP US.0-Q3 in dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7390597/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) was an incomplete right pubis, preserving only its posterolateral portion. The three articular facets and the laminar region leading to the two other processes are preserved. This element has been destructively sampled for AMSdating and no longer exists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[809,1426,1790,1904]" lastBlockId="10.[163,779,197,372]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1714" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1041,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713">U n g u a l p h a l a n x:</emphasis>
|
||
Z C S P U S.0- Q 3 (F i g. 5E - G; Supporting Information, Fig. S6) is an ungual phalanx, with a length of
|
||
<quantity box="[999,1081,1851,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="1713" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The articular facet is divided into two concavities separated by a vertical convexity. The upper portion of the proximal epiphysis is clearly projecting. On its ventral surface, near the facet joint, there are two prominent foramina. The gross morphology of the phalanx is clearly different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[244,386,320,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,332,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">Testudo</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is wide and flat instead of being rounded in section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[163,780,413,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,222,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">Size:</emphasis>
|
||
The femur is much larger than that of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[163,284,444,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which is the largest extant tortoise species in Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ernst CH & Barbour RW" box="[301,578,474,496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" refId="ref9564" refString="Ernst CH, Barbour RW. 1989. Turtles of the world. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press." type="book" year="1989">Ernst & Barbour, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bringsoe H & Buskirk JR & Willemsen RE" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" pagination="291 - 334" refId="ref9339" refString="Bringsoe H, Buskirk JR, Willemsen RE. 2001. Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1792 - Breitrandschildkrote. In: Fritz U, ed. Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3 / IIIA, Schildkroten (Testudines I) Bataguridae, Testudinidae, Emydidae. Wiebelsheim: Aula-Verlag, 291 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Bringsøe
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,772,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example, the
|
||
<emphasis box="[447,611,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[487,611,506,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
femur MDHC 370 has a length of
|
||
<quantity box="[381,460,536,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, while the straight carapace length of the same specimen is
|
||
<quantity box="[511,603,567,588]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
|
||
. On the basis of the length difference of the femora (ZCSP US.0-Q2 is
|
||
<quantity box="[163,252,628,649]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), we estimate the straight carapace length of the extinct Sicilian tortoise as exceeding
|
||
<quantity box="[661,729,658,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
and maybe up to
|
||
<quantity box="[306,375,689,711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
, i.e. significantly larger than that of extant
|
||
<emphasis box="[243,391,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[280,391,720,741]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">hermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[up to
|
||
<quantity box="[470,557,720,742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="cm" value="37.5">37.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in the Balkans and up to
|
||
<quantity box="[230,299,751,772]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
|
||
in the western Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheylan M" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" pagination="179 - 289" refId="ref9485" refString="Cheylan M. 2001. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 - Griechische Landschildkrote. In: Fritz U, ed. Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3 / IIIA, Schildkroten (Testudines I) Bataguridae, Testudinidae, Emydidae. Wiebelsheim: Aula-Verlag, 179 - 289." type="book chapter" year="2001">Cheylan, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)], or any other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[404,592,781,803]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,495,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">Testudo</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The size record for
|
||
<emphasis box="[203,365,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">
|
||
Te.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1789" box="[242,365,812,833]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the largest species of the genus, is
|
||
<quantity box="[163,235,843,864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
, but most specimens are significantly smaller (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bringsoe H & Buskirk JR & Willemsen RE" box="[171,402,873,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714" pagination="291 - 334" refId="ref9339" refString="Bringsoe H, Buskirk JR, Willemsen RE. 2001. Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1792 - Breitrandschildkrote. In: Fritz U, ed. Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3 / IIIA, Schildkroten (Testudines I) Bataguridae, Testudinidae, Emydidae. Wiebelsheim: Aula-Verlag, 291 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Bringsøe
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,335,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1714">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |