334 lines
62 KiB
XML
334 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="F8120959B96DFF9EB605AAE1B970C4B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="31829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4337.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16bdd37e-833f-4fc3-8de6-96e12ac09aa3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1014101" ID-ZooBank="279ABC49-BEB5-4C5A-8FAD-3CCE205DAD43" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1508235719926" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Xinzheng" docDate="2017" docId="755787909C3DDD0AEAB3FDD8FE7771C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4337.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4337 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheronemoides fungosus , Latin 2017, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="896EFFE89C3EDD0FEA24FFB4FF8A7115" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of Pheronematidae (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Amphidiscosida) from the western Pacific Ocean" updateTime="1698469666331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="812087BFAD45B3C8D316E8BF7FA5296D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF1E8DB409B57688C71BC18944667292">
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<mods:title id="4E37CC7F57785F900242B23CEB2A97EF">A new genus and species of Pheronematidae (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Amphidiscosida) from the western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="56CF87B8B254D97BA6520747609B6C33" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F27E5CF45985108B063D27AF2C3D94BA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="04C702951A894472BB5D70E9525387B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="39830DCA669CF5424F786A35D869B09F">Li, Xinzheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E7310709E9550CDB8AD78140691F57A4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="757B01C2B138970A7F0B515EF149B2B8">
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<mods:title id="8233352BD057DF04FA2438B838AEC7D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A291C6F24313AE04A670553B9AA60F4B">
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<mods:date id="A6456DBBA038ADE7C6F7A91C4A39419C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29A3E81CB9289A9260FEE1DA75CABF46" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F5A6F38ACBE4D1AC18A54CE1D46E62A1">2017-10-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CE6751128B4676B63535B9DBE8A459B0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E47A986DF43F8800969C49CE5935541A">4337</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="79E361263D107A6B45F6257E3B77DECF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EF99B8F809C712FFF32E38ABAC40BC13">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="5CBCF59177763EBF22125B269F3D63DA">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0504AF5C7DF99A4C0161C3D95E809DCA" type="CLB-Dataset">31829</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="80061A0C9E3D3437E6AC3D3FCE6E5340" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4337.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2754FEFBD152D60F321655D92C784D24" type="GBIF-Dataset">16bdd37e-833f-4fc3-8de6-96e12ac09aa3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6D9A54A232C3C997ED53B2AAA9268E86" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1536CDB4EEFFA0B5D161BCCBF07B622F" type="Zenodo-Dep">1014101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8F2C1AE94D2FFED7EE51E906DB2FEB6" type="ZooBank">279ABC49-BEB5-4C5A-8FAD-3CCE205DAD43</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="755787909C3DDD0AEAB3FDD8FE7771C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042444" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135450151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:755787909C3DDD0AEAB3FDD8FE7771C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/755787909C3DDD0AEAB3FDD8FE7771C0" lastPageId="5" pageId="3">
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<subSubSection id="B5E4650D9C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FEA473B2" pageId="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FD4136869C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FD0C7393" blockId="3.[151,646,620,679]" box="[151,646,620,646]" pageId="3">
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<heading id="A60981EA9C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FD0C7393" bold="true" box="[151,646,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FD0C7393" bold="true" box="[151,646,620,646]" pageId="3">
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<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FE4D7393" ID-CoL="4G37H" authority="Li, 2017" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,455,620,646]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3DDD0CEAB3FDD8FE4D7393" bold="true" box="[151,455,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="3">Pheronemoides fungosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B957EF9C3DDD0CEBEBFDD8FD0C7393" box="[463,646,620,646]" pageId="3" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD4136869C3DDD0CEAB3FD3AFEA473B2" blockId="3.[151,646,620,679]" box="[151,302,654,679]" pageId="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEABAFD3AFEAF73B2" box="[158,293,654,679]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5E4650D9C3DDD0CEAB3FD62FD427207" pageId="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FD4136869C3DDD0CEAB3FD62FD427207" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2022]" pageId="3">
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<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3DDD0CEAB3FD62FE0973FA" bold="true" box="[151,387,726,751]" pageId="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Holotype: YM30037, seamount near Yap Trench (8°51.7615549'N, 137°44.4825605'E),
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<date id="894010469C3DDD0CEFA4FD62FEC67206" pageId="3" value="2014-12-15">
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15 December
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<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CEB35FD4FFEC67206" box="[273,332,763,787]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014906" pageId="3" unit="m" value="2014906.0">2014</quantity>
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</date>
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, 906 m depth, foraminiferal ooze.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5E4650D9C3DDD0BEAE3FCAAFA9371ED" lastPageId="4" pageId="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FD4136869C3DDD0CEAE3FCAAFC077497" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2022]" pageId="3">
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<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3DDD0CEAE3FCAAFED37222" bold="true" box="[199,345,798,823]" pageId="3">Description.</emphasis>
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Hemispherical, at least
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<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE84FFCAAFD407223" box="[619,714,798,823]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="260.0">260 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, as observed in a living sponge viewed from above (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEABBFCF6FF72724E" box="[159,248,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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). Live color white, but tan after collection. Atrial areas (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE94DFCF6FC34724E" box="[873,958,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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) cover the upper surface of the sponge and dermal areas are on the lower surface (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE86DFCD2FD28726A" box="[585,674,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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). The dermal areas consist of two parts, as follows. Part 1 possesses indistinctive meshes due to being covered by tissue (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE8D7FC3EFCC372B6" box="[755,841,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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) and can be divided into three subparts (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEF3AFC3EFA1D72B6" box="[1310,1431,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D–E</figureCitation>
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, arrow a1–a3). Subpart a1 (<
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<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CEB9AFC1AFD8472D3" box="[446,526,942,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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thick) and subpart a3 (<
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<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE93CFC1BFCE272D3" box="[792,872,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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thick) are on the two sides around the atrial areas; subpart a2 (<
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<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CEB00FC62FEFF72F8" box="[292,373,982,1006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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thick) and subpart a3 are located on the two sides around the basalia. Part 2 (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEEF3FC61FAA572FB" box="[1239,1327,981,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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, arrow b) has larger meshes compared with Part 1, and is located between subpart a1 and subpart a2. Observed laterally on one side (containing Part 2), the sponge is arched and hollow inside (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE95DFB97FC59752E" box="[889,979,1059,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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); observed on the other side (containing subpart a3), it is spherical and appears mushroom-like (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE933FBF2FCFB754A" box="[791,881,1094,1119]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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). The openings in the atrial-surface meshes and Part-2 dermal-surface meshes are easily discernible (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE8C9FBD9FCE17593" box="[749,875,1133,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
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), while those of Part-1 dermal surfaces are not as obvious as on Part-2 surfaces (
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<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEBD7FB25FDC675BF" box="[499,588,1169,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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). The atrial-surface meshes (of
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE996FB26FBAF75BC" box="[946,1061,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 mm</quantity>
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||
diameter) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEE8CFB25FAA875BF" box="[1192,1314,1169,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
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) are wider than the Part-2 dermal-surface meshes (of
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE85BFB02FC8275DB" box="[639,776,1206,1230]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE9A9FB01FB8175DB" box="[909,1035,1205,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large exhalant canals are present underneath the atrial lattices. The basalia on the bottom of the sponge are located amesially, rather than exactly at the center on the dermal surface. Observed from the underside, the basalia attach to the dermal surface as a semicircle, thus leaving a large hollow between the basalia and Part-2 dermal areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEE4AFA95FB41742F" box="[1134,1227,1313,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tufts of basalia,>
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CEA82FAF2FE8C744B" box="[166,262,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, consist of many small spicule tufts (
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE901FAF2FC0F744B" box="[805,901,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width). Some marginalia are present on the boundary between the atrial and dermal surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE8E1FADDFC917497" box="[709,795,1385,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,303,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a 3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a 1 and a 2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a 3 dermal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD4136869C3DDD0BEAE3FA39FA9371ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="4" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3DDD0CEAE3FA39FEBA74B3" bold="true" box="[199,304,1421,1446]" pageId="3">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
The choanosomal skeleton consists of pentactins and uncinates. The choanosomal pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEF4BFA39FF3074DF" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) have smooth tangential rays (length: 216.6–4217.9 µm) and smooth proximal rays (length: 265.8–4000.1 µm). There are three
|
||
<typeStatus id="224588249C3DDD0CEB6EFA63FE0F74FA" box="[330,389,1495,1519]" pageId="3">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of uncinates: macrouncinates, mesouncinates and microuncinates. The macrouncinates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEF4BFA61FF3D7707" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
) are easily broken and reach several millimeters in length and 8.9–16.0 µm in width. The mesouncinates, covered by many tiny brackets and barbs on the shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE8D3F9A9FCC47723" box="[759,846,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE955F9A9FC437723" box="[881,969,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
), are 879.7–1094.2 µm in length and 7.4– 7.6µm in width. Microuncinates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE832F9F5FDE7774F" box="[534,621,1601,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
|
||
), are 140.5–312.7 µm in length and 2.4–3.2 µm in width. Dermalia are pinular pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEB54F9D1FE43776B" box="[368,457,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) which have tangential rays that are barely spined (length: 34.4–74.8 µm) and pinular rays (length: 91.8–214.9 µm) that are spindle-like, bushy with lateral spines and a terminal spine. Atrialia are pinular pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEB56F919FE6777D3" box="[370,493,1709,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to but smaller than the dermalia; their pinular rays are 88.9–137.8 µm in length and 38.5–64.9 µm in total width. Choanosomal pinular pentactins invariably have fewer lateral spines on the pinular ray and are slender than the atrialia and dermalia. The shape of the tangential rays resembles an ‘X’ or ‘+’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEABBF8ADFE9C7627" box="[159,278,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and their length is variable: proximal rays are 69.7–268.5 µm, tangential rays are 27.3–61.6 µm. A small number of pinular hexactins can also be found (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE8D7F889FCC47643" box="[755,846,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basalia have a two-toothed anchor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEED2F889FAC17643" box="[1270,1355,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
), spiny shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEAF9F8D5FEB2766F" box="[221,312,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and tapering terminus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE875F8D5FD26766F" box="[593,684,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Marginalia are mainly diactins, with a smooth shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEF31F8D5FAE9766F" box="[1301,1379,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
) and smooth or tiny spines terminals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CE838F831FDE4768B" box="[540,622,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="894010469C3DDD0CE871F832FDE4768B" box="[597,622,1926,1950]" pageId="3">2I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CE8ACF832FCA5768B" box="[648,815,1926,1950]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="0.17" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.02">0.02–0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Sceptres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEE65F831FB1E768B" box="[1089,1172,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
) also can be found as marginalia, with 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3A069B639C3DDD0CEBA3F81DFE5776D4" box="[391,477,1961,1986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Stauractins are similar to the pinular pentactins and possess tangential rays shaped as a ‘+’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3DDD0CEB71F879FE2476F3" box="[341,430,1997,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
) under the LM; however, the stauractins are thinner and have fewer spines covering the rays, which are 39.8–54.8 µm long. Microscleres consist of micramphidiscs and microdiactins. Micramphidiscs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3ADD0BEABBFF08FF7171C1" box="[159,251,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a smooth shaft of total length 23.2–37.8 µm, umbel length 4.8–7.1 µm, and umbel diameter 4.8–9.0 µm. Microdiactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3ADD0BEB52FF6BFE5A71ED" box="[374,464,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. A, mesh structure of atrial area showing minor hypoatrial beams; B, mesh structure of atrial area showing main hypoatrial beams; C, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing minor hypodermal beams; D, mesh structure of part 2 dermal area showing main hypodermal beams; E, mesh structure of part 1 dermal area; F, detail of basalium anchor; G, detail of basalium shaft; H, detail of basalium tapering upper terminal end; I, terminals of marginalia diactin; J, detail of marginalia sceptre; K, mesouncinate; L, detail of microuncinate; M, detail of spiny microdiactin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014105/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3ADD0BEBD1FF6BFDCA71ED" box="[501,576,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1728]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pheronemoides fungosus gen. et sp. nov. SEM images of spicules: A, the centre part of choanosomal pentactin; B – C, atrial pinular pentactin; D, dermal pinular pentactin; E – F, choanosomal pinular pentactin; G, pinular hexactin; H, stauractin; I, spiny microdiactin; J, smooth middle shaft of marginalia; K, details of the middle shaft of mesouncinate; L, details of the middle shaft of macrouncinate; M, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014107/files/figure.png" pageId="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="894010469C3ADD0BE80CFF54FDCA71ED" box="[552,576,224,248]" pageId="4">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) have irregular, long teeth, with a total length of 94.1–153.3 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A981660E9C3ADD0BEAB3FB6FFDE7747B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014103/files/figure.png" pageId="4" targetBox="[173,1413,303,1218]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD4136869C3ADD0BEAB3FB6FFDE7747B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1243,1394]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAB3FB6FFE9E75E5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1243,1265]" pageId="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB3FFB6FFD9375E4" authority="Li, 2017" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,537,1243,1265]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB3FFB6FFD9375E4" box="[283,537,1243,1265]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronemoides fungosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B957EF9C3ADD0BE805FB6FFD4B75E5" box="[545,705,1243,1264]" pageId="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE805FB6FFD4B75E5" bold="true" box="[545,705,1243,1264]" pageId="4">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, photograph showing its natural growth form on the seafloor; B, the external morphology of sponge viewed from above (arrow c shows marginalia); C, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains subpart a3 dermal area and larger atrial area; D, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contains part 2 dermal area (arrow b) and dermal area subparts a1 and a2. E, the external morphology observed from the lateral side that contain subpart a3 dermal area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5E4650D9C3ADD0BEAE3FA29FEB474CF" pageId="4" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD4136869C3ADD0BEAE3FA29FEB474CF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2038]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAE3FA29FEC474A3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1437,1462]" pageId="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE86FFA2AFD7D74A3" authority=", Latin" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[587,759,1437,1462]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE86FFA2AFD2574A3" box="[587,687,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4">fungosus</emphasis>
|
||
, Latin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for mushroom-shaped, in reference to the body shape of the new specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5E4650D9C3ADD0AEAE3FA51FE7771C0" lastPageId="5" pageId="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD4136869C3ADD0BEAE3FA51FDD2769F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2038]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAE3FA51FEB174EB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1509,1534]" pageId="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB65FA51FDD374EB" authority="Li, 2017" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,601,1509,1534]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB65FA51FDD374EB" box="[321,601,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronemoides fungosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B957EF9C3ADD0BE87BFA51FC8174EB" box="[607,779,1509,1534]" pageId="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE87BFA51FC8174EB" bold="true" box="[607,779,1509,1534]" pageId="4">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a hemispherical or spherical body shape and possesses spinous microuncinates. Based on external morphology, the new species is most similar to 6 of the 20 known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB3DF999FE137750" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[281,409,1581,1605]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB3DF999FE137750" box="[281,409,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB8BF99AFCDD7753" authority="Tabachnick, 1988" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[431,855,1581,1606]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megaglobosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB8BF99AFE377750" box="[431,445,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEBF5F999FDF17750" box="[465,635,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">megaglobosum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="996F4B779C3ADD0BE8A3F999FCDD7753" author="Tabachnick" box="[647,855,1581,1606]" pageId="4" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Eds.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE94CF99AFB717753" authority="Tabachnick, 1990" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1990" box="[872,1275,1581,1606]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nasckaniense">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE94CF99AFCFC7750" box="[872,886,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE9AEF999FB957750" box="[906,1055,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">nasckaniense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="996F4B779C3ADD0BEE08F999FB717753" author="Tabachnick" box="[1068,1275,1581,1606]" pageId="4" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1990) Hexactinellid sponges from the Nasca and Sala-y-Gomez. In: Trudi of the Institute of Oceanology. Vol." type="book" year="1990">Tabachnick, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEF29F99AFEB6777F" authority="Schulze, 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEF29F99AFA917750" box="[1293,1307,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEF0BF999FA167750" box="[1327,1436,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4">globosum</emphasis>
|
||
Schulze, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB6FF9E6FD79777F" authority="Levi & Levi, 1982" authorityName="Levi & Levi" authorityYear="1982" box="[331,755,1617,1642]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="semiglobosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB6FF9E6FED3777C" box="[331,345,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB4EF9E5FD80777C" box="[362,522,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4">semiglobosum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="996F4B779C3ADD0BE831F9E5FD79777F" author="Levi" box="[533,755,1617,1642]" pageId="4" refString="Levi, C. & Levi, P. (1982) Spongiaires Hexactinellides du Pacifique Sud-Ouest (Nouvelle-Caledonie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 (3 - 4), 283 - 317." type="journal article" year="1982">Lévi & Lévi, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE926F9E6FBB0777F" authority="Schulze, 1895" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[770,1082,1617,1642]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE926F9E6FC9A777C" box="[770,784,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE905F9E5FC01777C" box="[801,907,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4">raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="996F4B779C3ADD0BE9B1F9E5FBB0777F" author="Schulze" box="[917,1082,1617,1642]" pageId="4" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1895) Hexactinelliden des indischen Oceanes. I. Die Hyalonematiden. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Koniglischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 2, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="1895">Schulze, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEE58F9E6FF59779B" authority="Gray, 1873" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1873" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hemisphaericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE58F9E6FADE777C" box="[1148,1364,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4">P. hemisphaericum</emphasis>
|
||
Gray, 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, the new species displays two distinct differences in its external shape: (1) it is bilaterally symmetrical with basalia emanating from one side of the body; and (2) marginalia are located on the boundary between the atrial and dermal surfaces. Several other differences between the new species and the six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEAB3F955FE9D77EC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,279,1761,1785]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAB3F955FE9D77EC" box="[151,279,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed: (1) no concavity is found on the upper surface in the new specimen, unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEFA3F956FEDA7608" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1873" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hemisphaericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEFA3F956FEDA7608" italics="true" pageId="4">P. hemisphaericum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEBA3F8B2FD9A7608" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" box="[391,528,1797,1821]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEBA3F8B2FE1F7608" box="[391,405,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB87F8B1FD9A7608" box="[419,528,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">globosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) the specimen could be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEE07F8B2FB237608" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[1059,1193,1797,1821]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE07F8B2FBBB7608" box="[1059,1073,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE1BF8B1FB237608" box="[1087,1193,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEEFBF8B2FA167608" authorityName="Levi & Levi" authorityYear="1982" box="[1247,1436,1797,1821]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="semiglobosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEEFBF8B2FB677608" box="[1247,1261,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEED8F8B1FA167608" box="[1276,1436,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4">semiglobosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having only one category of amphidisc; (3) the new specimen differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEE69F89EFA937654" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[1101,1305,1833,1857]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megaglobosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE69F89EFBD17654" box="[1101,1115,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE4BF89DFA937654" box="[1135,1305,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4">megaglobosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having stauractins and pinular hexactins; and, (4) the specimen is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE9E5F8FAFBF87670" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1990" box="[961,1138,1869,1893]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nasckaniense">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE9E5F8FAFC457670" box="[961,975,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE9F9F8F9FBF87670" box="[989,1138,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4">nasckaniense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking microhexactins and possessing only one
|
||
<typeStatus id="224588249C3ADD0BEB89F8C6FE57769F" box="[429,477,1906,1930]" pageId="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of basalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD4136869C3ADD0AEAE3F821FE7771C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1437,2038]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1435,151,213]" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAE3F821FE0176BB" bold="true" box="[199,395,1941,1966]" pageId="4">Molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenies based on 16S rDNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65C52A039C3ADD0BE94AF821FC5F76BB" box="[878,981,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1142,1164]" captionTargetBox="[164,1417,422,1106]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,411,1118]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bayesian and ML trees of selected hexactinellid species based on the 16 S rDNA sequence data, analyzed with the GTR + G substitution model. Numbers at each node are Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML analysis bootstrap values (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1014109/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) of ML and BI analyses were highly congruent.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEB32F80EFDBA76C7" authority="Li, 2017" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[278,560,1978,2002]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEB32F80EFDBA76C7" box="[278,560,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronemoides fungosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B957EF9C3ADD0BE81CF80DFD1E76C7" box="[568,660,1977,2002]" pageId="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE81CF80DFD1E76C7" bold="true" box="[568,660,1977,2002]" pageId="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was first grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE980F80EFB3B76C7" authorityName="Tabachnick & Lévi" authorityYear="2000" box="[932,1201,1978,2002]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Sericolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hawaiicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE980F80EFB3B76C7" box="[932,1201,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4">Sericolophus hawaiicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; then, gathered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEAB3F869FE9D76E0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,279,2013,2037]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEAB3F869FE9D76E0" box="[151,279,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., it showed a closer relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE8CAF869FC0A76E0" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1901" box="[750,896,2013,2037]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Sericolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE8CAF869FC0A76E0" box="[750,896,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4">Sericolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BE9D8F869FBF676E0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1020,1148,2013,2037]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BE9D8F869FBF676E0" box="[1020,1148,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pheronema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3ADD0BEE81F869FAA076E0" box="[1189,1322,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3ADD0BEE81F869FAAC76E0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[1189,1318,2013,2037]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Semperella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Semperella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Thus, the ensuing phylogenic tree ensured the validity of our placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3BDD0AE9AFFF2CFB2F71A5" authority="Li, 2017" authorityName=", Latin" authorityYear="2017" box="[907,1189,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronemoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fungosus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3BDD0AE9AFFF2CFB2F71A5" box="[907,1189,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">Pheronemoides fungosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D4B957EF9C3BDD0AEE8BFF23FAEF71A5" box="[1199,1381,151,176]" pageId="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF8AEA949C3BDD0AEE8BFF23FAEF71A5" bold="true" box="[1199,1381,151,176]" pageId="5">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AFE4D059C3BDD0AEB65FF08FE7371C0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[321,505,188,213]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Pheronematidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |