treatments-xml/data/21/7B/CB/217BCB0FF61AFFAAFE90A239D9DCFB5F.xml
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<document id="DCDF3E14D51CBEA950C1098DF71F6D5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="4860" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.639.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54b89816-78da-4c00-a693-39524284d971" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030011" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624553544398" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mothes, Beatriz, Santos, Cristina P. &amp; De Campos, Maurício A." docDate="2004" docId="217BCB0FF61AFFAAFE90A239D9DCFB5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 443 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.639.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Timea bioxyasterina Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3392A80A-2413-43B4-A89C-B198C8CECA5E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="DD42B377F618FFAFFF98A11DD83CFFA9" masterDocTitle="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699020520066" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4F1C95A2D71FDDF9D8C3728824CDF842">Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A7D6D197F4D6D0EFD2D0BA1F82685E5">Mothes, Beatriz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3030D6EDAC7C6C6B058C672873427558">Santos, Cristina P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22A17A9B6F63C8A2DC257704AD3D913C">De Campos, Maurício A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="217BCB0FF61AFFAAFE90A239D9DCFB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5244957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184928759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5244957" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3392A80A-2413-43B4-A89C-B198C8CECA5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217BCB0FF61AFFAAFE90A239D9DCFB5F" lastPageId="5" pageId="2">
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61AFFADFE90A239DA5EFC97" box="[264,610,804,830]" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFE90A239DA5EFC97" blockId="2.[264,610,804,865]" box="[264,610,804,830]" pageId="2">
<heading id="F225CD75F61AFFADFE90A239DA5EFC97" bold="true" box="[264,610,804,830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE90A239DA5EFC97" bold="true" box="[264,610,804,830]" pageId="2">
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61AFFADFE90A239D9C2FC97" authority="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos, 2004" authorityName="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos" authorityYear="2004" box="[264,510,804,830]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxyasterina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE90A239D9C2FC97" bold="true" box="[264,510,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="2">Timea bioxyasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80951B70F61AFFADFD9DA239DA5EFC97" box="[517,610,804,830]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61AFFADFE90A25AD9B5FCC8" box="[264,393,839,865]" pageId="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFE90A25AD9B5FCC8" blockId="2.[264,610,804,865]" box="[264,393,839,865]" pageId="2">
(
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFE89A25AD9BCFCC8" box="[273,384,839,865]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1322,310,1266]" captionTargetId-0="figure-46@3.[356,1232,329,1749]" captionTargetId-1="figure-185@4.[265,1322,308,1268]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). a. Specimen fixed and preserved in alcohol (Scale bar = 1 mm); b. Skeletal arrangement (Scale bar = 200 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5245304" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5245304/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61AFFADFE90A28BDBDFFBF8" pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFE90A28BDC05FC70" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<materialsCitation id="19BA7044F61AFFADFE90A28BDC05FC70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3337192301" collectingDate="1973-02-25" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Fishing &amp; Sand" elevation="36" latitude="-1.85" location="Maranhao State" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-43.8" pageId="2" specimenCode="MNRJ 7984" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE90A28BD9BDFC19" bold="true" box="[264,385,918,944]" pageId="2">
<typeStatus id="7669C4BBF61AFFADFE90A28BD940FC19" box="[264,380,918,944]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="F974D262F61AFFADFE08A28ADA16FC18" box="[400,554,919,945]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2">MNRJ 7984</specimenCode>
, off coast
<collectingRegion id="6B16B4FBF61AFFADFD21A28ADB47FC18" box="[697,891,919,945]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="2">Maranhão State</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCE61CDEF61AFFADFC17A28ADC2FFC18" box="[911,1043,919,945]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-1.85">01°5100”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CCE61CDEF61AFFADFBBCA28ADC82FC18" box="[1060,1214,919,945]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-43.8">43°4800”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="22FF9D2AF61AFFADFB49A28AD970FC70" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="2" unit="m" value="35.5">
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFB49A28ADD16FC18" box="[1233,1322,919,945]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="2" unit="m" value="35.5">35.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName id="04271FCFF61AFFADFE0AA2A2D9D6FC70" box="[402,490,959,985]" pageId="2">Fishing</collectorName>
boat IV SUDENE,
<date id="DD6C5CD9F61AFFADFD7FA2A2DB5FFC70" box="[743,867,959,985]" pageId="2" value="1973-02-25">
<collectingDate id="CD28A531F61AFFADFD7FA2A2DB5FFC70" box="[743,867,959,985]" pageId="2" value="1973-02-25">25/ii/1973</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="04271FCFF61AFFADFCF6A2A2DB94FC70" box="[878,936,959,985]" pageId="2">Sand</collectorName>
substratum.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A2FBDB2AFBA8" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" box="[312,790,998,1025]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A2FBDA76FBA9" bold="true" box="[312,586,998,1024]" pageId="2">Schizoholotype­slides.</emphasis>
MCNPOR 1850.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A513DBDFFBF8" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A513DA6AFB81" bold="true" box="[312,598,1038,1064]" pageId="2">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61AFFADFDC7A512DAECFB80" box="[607,720,1039,1065]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFDC7A512DA9BFB81" box="[607,679,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2">Timea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61AFFADFD41A512DC78FB80" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[729,1092,1039,1065]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unistellata">
aff.
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFC91A512DBB8FB81" box="[777,900,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2">unistellata</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
—ZMAPOR 9198,
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61AFFADFE90A52AD95BFBF8" box="[264,359,1079,1105]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="2">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, West Indies (fragment deposited in MCNPOR 2644).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61AFFADFEA0A543D9E5FB60" pageId="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A543D9E5FB60" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A543D98BFBD1" bold="true" box="[312,439,1118,1144]" pageId="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61AFFADFE27A542DA91FBD1" authority="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos, 2004" authorityName="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos" authorityYear="2004" box="[447,685,1119,1144]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxyasterina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE27A542DA91FBD1" box="[447,685,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2">Timea bioxyasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80951B70F61AFFADFD2DA542DAD0FBD0" box="[693,748,1119,1145]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is set apart from the other Atlantic species by its two categories of oxyasters: one bigger with smooth rays and the other shorter with microspined rays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61AFFABFEA0A5C4DA9EFA0D" lastPageId="4" pageId="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A5C4DB87FAED" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A5C4D9ECFB5A" bold="true" box="[312,464,1241,1267]" pageId="2">Description.</emphasis>
The specimen is a
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFD2AA5C7DAD0FB5D" box="[690,748,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
thick encrustation, approximately
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFB1DA5C7DCF1FB5D" box="[1157,1229,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFB55A5CBDCCAFB5D" box="[1229,1270,1238,1268]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" unit="in" value="2.0">
<superScript id="5EA7D751F61AFFADFB55A5CBDCEBFB4E" attach="left" box="[1229,1239,1238,1255]" fontSize="7" pageId="2">2</superScript>
in
</quantity>
surface area (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFE19A41FD9EAFAB5" box="[385,470,1282,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-46@3.[356,1232,329,1749]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). a. Specimen fixed and preserved in alcohol (Scale bar = 1 mm); b. Skeletal arrangement (Scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5245304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5245304/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
), fixed on a stone fragment. Surface smooth. No orifices observed. Consistency not compressible. Light­brown colored in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A44CDD2BFA15" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A44CD996FAC2" bold="true" box="[312,426,1361,1387]" pageId="2">Skeleton.</emphasis>
The ectosome and the choanosome were not observed, because its a very thin fragment. Euasters in a random distribution, all over the sponge body. Ascending multispicular tracts of tylostyles occur, isolated and protruding through the surface (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFB2AA4BFDD36FA15" box="[1202,1290,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1775,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-46@3.[356,1232,329,1749]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). a. Specimen fixed and preserved in alcohol (Scale bar = 1 mm); b. Skeletal arrangement (Scale bar = 200 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5245304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5245304/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61AFFADFEA0A4D4DA4CF955" blockId="2.[264,1323,918,1788]" pageId="2">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEA0A4D4D99AFA4A" bold="true" box="[312,422,1481,1507]" pageId="2">Spicules.</emphasis>
Tylostyle ­ (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFDDDA4D7DAA2FA4D" box="[581,670,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,310,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-185@4.[265,1322,308,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
). Straight, some slightly curved shafts in the terminal half, blunt end; 304­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE6FA4EFDA05F9A2" box="[503,569,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2">579.5</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFDD8A4EFDA8FF9A5" box="[576,691,1522,1548]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.695" pageId="2" unit="m" value="769.5">769.5 m</quantity>
X 6.3­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFC9CA4EFDB0BF9A2" box="[772,823,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2">10.5</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFCD9A4EFDBB2F9A5" box="[833,910,1522,1548]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
(N=25). The heads are spherical to ovoid, some bilobed; diameter 2.5­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFD2BA707DADAF99A" box="[691,742,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="2">12.3</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFD76A707DB6AF99D" box="[750,854,1562,1588]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="2" unit="m" value="17.5">17.5 m</quantity>
(N=25). Oxyaster I ­ 9 to 11 conical, smooth, straight rays, rare bifurcated, some slightly curved specially in the terminal half (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFE89A777D99EF92D" box="[273,418,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,310,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-185@4.[265,1322,308,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 3a, 3b</figureCitation>
); 32­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFE79A777D9C2F92A" box="[481,510,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2">62</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFD9EA777DA50F92D" box="[518,620,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.58" pageId="2" unit="m" value="85.8">85.8 m</quantity>
diameter. Oxyaster II ­ 9 to 11, conical, microspined rays, mostly in the apical half (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFDAEA78FDACCF905" box="[566,752,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,310,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-185@4.[265,1322,308,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 3b, 3c, 3d</figureCitation>
); 16.1­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFCDCA78FDB4BF902" box="[836,887,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="2">20.7</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFCE7A78FDBD8F905" box="[895,996,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="2" unit="m" value="27.6">27.6 m</quantity>
in total diameter. Tylaster ­ 9 to 10 cylindrical rays with swollen extremities, microspined along the axis (
<figureCitation id="31E9669CF61AFFADFB08A7A7DD20F97D" box="[1168,1308,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,310,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-185@4.[265,1322,308,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Timea bioxyasterina sp. nov. (Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 3c, 3d</figureCitation>
); 2.4­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61AFFADFEAEA7FFD967F952" box="[310,347,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2">3.6</emphasis>
­
<quantity id="6E2AD7FCF61AFFADFEFCA7FFD99FF955" box="[356,419,1762,1788]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
in total diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDAD2A91F61BFFACFE90A7F2DCB2F880" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5245304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5245304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5245304/files/figure.png" pageId="3" startId="3.[264,367,1775,1799]" targetBox="[356,1232,332,1384]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61BFFACFE90A7F2DCB2F880" blockId="3.[264,1323,1775,1833]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61BFFACFE90A7F2D9B1F8AE" bold="true" box="[264,397,1775,1799]" pageId="3">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61BFFACFE01A7EDDA49F8AE" authority="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos, 2004" authorityName="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos" authorityYear="2004" box="[409,629,1776,1799]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxyasterina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61BFFACFE01A7EDDA49F8AE" box="[409,629,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3">Timea bioxyasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80951B70F61BFFACFD18A7F2DAEAF8AF" box="[640,726,1775,1798]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, MNRJ 7984). a. Specimen fixed and preserved in alcohol (Scale bar = 1 mm); b. Skeletal arrangement (Scale bar = 200 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDAD2A91F61CFFABFE90A5E7DC77FAFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" startId="4.[264,367,1274,1298]" targetBox="[265,1322,310,1266]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61CFFABFE90A5E7DC77FAFE" blockId="4.[264,1323,1274,1367]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE90A5E7D9B2FABB" bold="true" box="[264,398,1274,1298]" pageId="4">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFE02A5E6DA4BFABB" authority="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos, 2004" authorityName="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos" authorityYear="2004" box="[410,631,1275,1298]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxyasterina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE02A5E6DA4BFABB" box="[410,631,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4">Timea bioxyasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80951B70F61CFFABFD1AA5E6DAE4FABB" box="[642,728,1275,1298]" pageId="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, MNRJ 7984). Spicules: a. Tylostyles and oxyasters I, II (Scale bar = 10mm); b. Oxyasters I and II (Scale bar = 10mm); c. Oxyaster II and tylaster (in detail; Scale bar = 5mm). d. Tylasters (in detail; Scale bar = 1mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61CFFABFE90A491DA9EFA0D" blockId="4.[264,674,1418,1444]" box="[264,674,1418,1444]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE90A491D946FA0D" bold="true" box="[264,378,1420,1444]" pageId="4">TABLE I:</emphasis>
Brazilian species of
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFDC2A491DAA7FA0A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[602,667,1420,1443]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDC2A491DAA7FA0A" box="[602,667,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4">Timea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61CFFABFECBA4D7DC0FF8E0" pageId="4">
<table id="DBD288B9F61C0050FE93A4D7DD1AF8E0" box="[267,1318,1482,1865]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="4">
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A4D7DD1AFA56" box="[267,1318,1482,1535]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A4D7D988FA56" box="[267,436,1482,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFECBA4D7D9A2FA76" bold="true" box="[339,414,1482,1503]" pageId="4">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE61A4D7DAA3FA56" box="[505,671,1482,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFD82A4D7DA59FA56" bold="true" box="[538,639,1482,1535]" pageId="4">Tylostyles (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="54331127F61C0050FD58A4D7DB7CFA56" box="[704,832,1482,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFD58A4D7DB25FA56" bold="true" pageId="4">Large asters (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A4D7DC6AFA56" box="[860,1110,1482,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFC03A4D7DBCEFA56" bold="true" pageId="4">Small asters (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA4D7DD1AFA56" box="[1125,1318,1482,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFB1BA4D7DCD8FA56" bold="true" pageId="4">Distribution/ Depth</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A708DD1AF9E3" box="[267,1318,1557,1610]" gridrow="1" pageId="4">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A708D988F9E3" box="[267,436,1557,1610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFE93A708D988F983" authority="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos, 2004" authorityName="Mothes &amp; Santos &amp; De Campos" authorityYear="2004" box="[267,436,1557,1578]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxyasterina" status="nov.">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE93A708D988F983" box="[267,436,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4">T. bioxyasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80951B70F61CFFABFE93A728D908F9E3" box="[267,308,1589,1610]" pageId="4">nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE52A708D9DAF9E3" box="[458,486,1557,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4">sp.</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A708DAA3F9E3" box="[505,671,1557,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4">
304­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDBDA708DA67F983" box="[549,603,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4">597.5</emphasis>
­769.5/ 6.3­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDA2A728DA58F9E3" box="[570,612,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4">10.5</emphasis>
­15
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FD58A708DB7CF9E3" box="[704,832,1557,1610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4">
32­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFD70A708DB3CF983" box="[744,768,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4">62</emphasis>
­85.8, oxyasters
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A708DC6AF9E3" box="[860,1110,1557,1610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4">
16.1­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFC09A708DB87F983" box="[913,955,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4">20.7</emphasis>
­27.6, oxyasters 2.4­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFC3DA728DBFFF9E3" box="[933,963,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4">3.6</emphasis>
­5, tylasters
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA708DD1AF9E3" box="[1125,1318,1557,1610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4">Maranhão State, 35.5 m</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A742DD1AF9DD" box="[267,1318,1631,1652]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A742D988F9DD" box="[267,436,1631,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE93A742D94EF9DD" box="[267,370,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFE93A742D95DF9DD" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[267,353,1631,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="authia">T. authia</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A742DAA3F9DD" box="[505,671,1631,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4">
250­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDB6A742DA58F9DD" box="[558,612,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4">513.5</emphasis>
­880/
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FD58A742DB7CF9DD" box="[704,832,1631,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4"></td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A742DC6AF9DD" box="[860,1110,1631,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4">
10­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFC0EA742DBFCF9DD" box="[918,960,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4">15.1</emphasis>
­25, tylasters
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA742DD1AF9DD" box="[1125,1318,1631,1652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4">São Paulo State, no</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A762DD1AF93D" box="[267,1318,1663,1684]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A762D9DAF93D" box="[267,486,1663,1684]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4">
De
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61CFFABFEB5A762D9EFF93D" author="Laubenfels, M. W. de" box="[301,467,1663,1684]" pageId="4" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref2113" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1956) Preliminary discussion of the sponges of Brazil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, Sao Paulo, 1, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1956">Laubenfels, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A762DAA3F93D" box="[505,671,1663,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4">
2.5­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDD8A762DA62F93D" box="[576,606,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="4">9.8</emphasis>
­15
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA762DD1AF93D" box="[1125,1318,1663,1684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4">depth described</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A7B7DD1AF976" box="[267,1318,1706,1759]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A7B7D988F976" box="[267,436,1706,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFE93A7B7D9B7F977" authority="* Hechel, 1976" authorityName="Hechel" authorityYear="1976" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE93A7B7D956F916" box="[267,362,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4">T. mixta *</emphasis>
Hechel, 1976
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A7B7DAA3F976" box="[505,671,1706,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4">
200­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDB6A7B7DA58F916" box="[558,612,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4">508.5</emphasis>
­950/ 5­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFDAFA7D7DA69F976" box="[567,597,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4">9.2</emphasis>
­15
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FD58A7B7DB7CF976" box="[704,832,1706,1759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4">
30­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFD70A7B7DB2EF916" box="[744,786,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4">39.8</emphasis>
­50, spherasters
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A7B7DC6AF976" box="[860,1110,1706,1759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4">
15­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFCE4A7B7DB9AF916" box="[892,934,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4">16.6</emphasis>
­20, strongylasters 3­
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFC02A7D7DB84F976" box="[922,952,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4">3.5</emphasis>
­5, chiasters
</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA7B7DD1AF976" box="[1125,1318,1706,1759]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4">Pernambuco State, 27 m</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A7E9DD1AF8A0" box="[267,1318,1780,1801]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A7E9D988F8A0" box="[267,436,1780,1801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61CFFABFE93A7E9D9A1F8A0" authorityName="Sara &amp; Siribelli" authorityYear="1960" box="[267,413,1780,1801]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stellifasciata">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61CFFABFE93A7E9D9A1F8A0" box="[267,413,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4">T. stellifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A7E9DAA3F8A0" box="[505,671,1780,1801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4">160­730/</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FD58A7E9DB7CF8A0" box="[704,832,1780,1801]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4"></td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A7E9DC6AF8A0" box="[860,1110,1780,1801]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4">6­9, oxyasters</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FBFDA7E9DD1AF8A0" box="[1125,1318,1780,1801]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4">Alagoas State, 32 m</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17E2785BF61C0050FE93A609DD1AF8E0" box="[267,1318,1812,1865]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="54331127F61C0050FE93A609D9DAF8E0" box="[267,486,1812,1865]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4">
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61CFFABFE93A609D9EFF880" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[267,467,1812,1833]" pageId="4" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref1951" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I, 29. Spongiaires. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la &quot; Calypso &quot;, Paris, 10, 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury­Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FE61A609DAA3F8E0" box="[505,671,1812,1865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4">3­6</td>
<td id="54331127F61C0050FCC4A609DC6AF8E0" box="[860,1110,1812,1865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4">12­28, sphaeranthasters 16­20, caltrop­like</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61CFFABFE90A641DAA9F8D8" blockId="4.[264,661,1884,1905]" box="[264,661,1884,1905]" pageId="4">
<tableNote id="54347B97F61CFFABFE90A641DAA9F8D8" box="[264,661,1884,1905]" pageId="4" targetBox="[267,1318,1482,1865]" targetPageId="4">* Author's measurements from Holotype.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61DFFAAFEA0A006DD30FE9F" box="[312,1292,283,310]" pageId="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61DFFAAFEA0A006DD30FE9F" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1270]" box="[312,1292,283,310]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFEA0A006D9F8FE9C" bold="true" box="[312,452,283,309]" pageId="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name refers to the presence of two categories of oxyasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1C82992F61DFFAAFEA0A05ED9DCFB5F" pageId="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61DFFAAFEA0A05EDCF9FC27" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1270]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFEA0A05ED98DFEF4" bold="true" box="[312,433,323,349]" pageId="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
Four other species of
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFD5DA059DB31FEF4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[709,781,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFD5DA059DB31FEF4" box="[709,781,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from the Brazilian coast (Table I).
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFEE4A071DB28FE2F" authority="De Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[380,788,364,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="authia">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFEE4A071DA2AFE2C" box="[380,534,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea authia</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFDDEA071DB28FE2F" author="Laubenfels, M. W. de" box="[582,788,364,390]" pageId="5" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref2082" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1930) The sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, Stanford, 5 (98), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, originally recorded from
<collectingRegion id="6B16B4FBF61DFFAAFBD0A071DC83FE2F" box="[1096,1215,364,390]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61DFFAAFB48A071DD1CFE2F" box="[1232,1312,364,390]" name="United States of America" pageId="5">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
) was subsequently cited by De
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFDF7A089DB7AFE07" author="Laubenfels, M. W. de" box="[623,838,404,430]" pageId="5" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref2113" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1956) Preliminary discussion of the sponges of Brazil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, Sao Paulo, 1, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1956">Laubenfels (1956)</bibRefCitation>
for Ubatuba (
<collectingRegion id="6B16B4FBF61DFFAAFC74A089DC96FE07" box="[1004,1194,404,430]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61DFFAAFB2EA089DD3FFE07" box="[1206,1283,404,430]" name="Brazil" pageId="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). It differs from the new species in having smooth to rugose tylasters, and a mix of tylostyles and styles, contrary to the new species' two categories of oxyasters and megascleres, which are always tylostyles.
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFDF3A311DC53FD8F" authority="Sara &amp; Siribelli, 1960" authorityName="Sara &amp; Siribelli" authorityYear="1960" box="[619,1135,524,550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stellifasciata">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFDF3A311DB68FD8C" box="[619,852,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea stellifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFCC7A311DC53FD8F" author="Sara, M. &amp; Siribelli, L." box="[863,1135,524,550]" pageId="5" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref2461" refString="Sara, M. &amp; Siribelli, L. (1960) La fauna di poriferi delle &quot; secche &quot; del Golfo di Napoli. I La secca della Gaiola. Annuario dell'Istituto e museo di zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli, Napoli, 12 (3), 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1960">Sarà &amp; Siribelli, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, first described from the Gulf of Naples (
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61DFFAAFDDFA329DABDFDE7" box="[583,641,564,590]" name="Italy" pageId="5">Italy</collectingCountry>
), was later identified by
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFC21A329DC8BFDE7" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[953,1207,564,590]" pageId="5" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref1951" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I, 29. Spongiaires. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la &quot; Calypso &quot;, Paris, 10, 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury­Esnault (1973</bibRefCitation>
; MNHN­ LBIM­NBE 959 examined) for the coast of the State of
<collectingRegion id="6B16B4FBF61DFFAAFC5FA341DC1BFDDF" box="[967,1063,604,630]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="5">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61DFFAAFBA4A341DCB5FDDF" box="[1084,1161,604,630]" name="Brazil" pageId="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). It is distinguished from the new species through its microspined oxyasters associated to sphaeranthasters, a caltrop­like asters, and megascleres, which range from tylostyles, to subtylostyles or styles.
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFDBFA3C9DBECFD47" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" box="[551,976,724,750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFDBFA3C9DAF7FD44" box="[551,715,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea agnani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFD4FA3C9DBECFD47" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[727,976,724,750]" pageId="5" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref1951" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I, 29. Spongiaires. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la &quot; Calypso &quot;, Paris, 10, 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury­Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is best assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFB51A3C9DA66FCBF" authority="(Bowerbank, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFB51A3C9D957FCBC" italics="true" pageId="5">Cyamon vickersii</emphasis>
(Bowerbank, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFDF4A3E1DB3EFCBF" box="[620,770,764,790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Raspailiidae</taxonomicName>
; UFRJPOR 3381, fragment from the
<typeStatus id="7669C4BBF61DFFAAFB5CA3E1DD16FCBF" box="[1220,1322,764,790]" pageId="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
examined).
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFE0BA239DAD5FC97" authority="(Topsent, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[403,745,804,830]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFE0BA239DA18FC94" box="[403,548,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea mixta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFDACA239DAE3FC97" author="Topsent, E." box="[564,735,804,830]" pageId="5" pagination="113 - 133" refId="ref2425" refString="Topsent, E. (1896) Materiaux pour servir a l'etude de la fauna des spongiaires de France. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, Paris, 9, 113 - 133." type="journal article" year="1896">Topsent, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from the Mediterranean firstly (
<typeStatus id="7669C4BBF61DFFAAFB7BA239D906FCCF" pageId="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
reexamined MNHN­LBIM­DT 2449), was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFC46A251DCACFCCF" author="Hechtel, G. J." box="[990,1168,844,870]" pageId="5" pagination="237 - 259" refId="ref2031" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian Marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F. W. &amp; Cowden, R. R. (Eds). Aspects of Sponge Biology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 237 - 259." type="book chapter" year="1976">Hechtel (1976)</bibRefCitation>
from Recife (
<collectingRegion id="6B16B4FBF61DFFAAFE88A269D9D4FC27" box="[272,488,884,910]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5">Pernambuco State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="D1C53A89F61DFFAAFE6CA269DA7CFC27" box="[500,576,884,910]" name="Brazil" pageId="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), and differs in having oxyasters next to strongylasters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A96D7A19F61DFFAAFEA0A281D9DCFB5F" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1270]" pageId="5">
Comparison with known Caribbean species—
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFCC2A281DD1AFC1F" authority="(De Laubenfels, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="De Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[858,1318,924,950]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perastra">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFCC2A281DC31FC1C" box="[858,1037,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea perastra</emphasis>
(De Laubenfels, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFE90A2D9DA91FC77" authority="(Bowerbank, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[264,685,964,990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFE90A2D9D98FFC74" box="[264,435,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea stellata</emphasis>
(Bowerbank, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFD27A2D9DC02FC77" authority="(Carter, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[703,1086,964,990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFD27A2D9DBBEFC74" box="[703,898,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea stelligera</emphasis>
(Carter, 1882)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFBC8A2D9D992FBAF" authority="Hechtel, 1969" authorityName="Hechtel" authorityYear="1969" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stenosclera">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFBC8A2D9DD16FC74" box="[1104,1322,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea stenosclera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFE90A2F1D992FBAF" author="Hechtel, G. J." box="[264,430,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref2001" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1969) New species and records of shallow-water Demospongiae from Barbados, West Indies. Postilla, 132, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1969">Hechtel, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFE74A2F1DB41FBAF" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[492,893,1004,1030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unistellata">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFE74A2F1DA84FBAC" box="[492,696,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea unistellata</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
differs by the presence of only one kind of microscleres.
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFD81A509DB9AFB87" authority="(Higgin, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Higgin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[537,934,1044,1070]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFD81A509DAD9FB84" box="[537,741,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea parasitica</emphasis>
(Higgin, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFC74A509D988FBFF" authority="Lehnert &amp; Heimler, 2001" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Heimler" authorityYear="2001" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hechteli">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFC74A509DCA2FB84" box="[1004,1182,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea hechteli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFB33A509D988FBFF" author="Lehnert, H. &amp; Heimler, W." pageId="5" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref2150" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Heimler, W. (2001) Description of north Jamaican Timea micraster n. sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida: Timeidae). Beaufortia, Amsterdam, 51 (12), 213 - 220." type="journal article" year="2001">Lehnert &amp; Heimler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differ in having spherasters.
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFCBBA521DD16FBFF" authority="Lehnert &amp; Heimler, 2001" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Heimler" authorityYear="2001" box="[803,1322,1084,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="micraster">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFCBBA521DBDBFBFC" box="[803,999,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5">Timea micraster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFC6BA521DD16FBFF" author="Lehnert, H. &amp; Heimler, W." box="[1011,1322,1084,1110]" pageId="5" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref2150" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Heimler, W. (2001) Description of north Jamaican Timea micraster n. sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida: Timeidae). Beaufortia, Amsterdam, 51 (12), 213 - 220." type="journal article" year="2001">Lehnert &amp; Heimler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Lehnert, pers. comm.) is best assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFC9BA579DC65FBD7" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1918" box="[771,1113,1124,1150]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Diplastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFC9BA579DBB3FBD4" box="[771,911,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5">Diplastrella</emphasis>
(Spirastrellidae)
</taxonomicName>
. The new species approaches
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFE0BA591D9CEFB0C" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[403,498,1164,1189]" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">
<emphasis id="9BA6A60BF61DFFAAFE0BA591D9CEFB0C" box="[403,498,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. mixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6ED2019AF61DFFAAFE67A591DB0BFB0F" authority="Wiedenmayer, 1977" authorityName="Wiedenmayer" authorityYear="1977" box="[511,823,1164,1190]" pageId="5" rank="species" species="sensu">
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="CD4307E8F61DFFAAFDD1A591DB0BFB0F" author="Wiedenmayer, F." box="[585,823,1164,1190]" pageId="5" refId="ref2513" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), which also possesses oxyasters, although in a single size category. Further distinction stems from the latters possession of strongylasters in addition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>