231 lines
30 KiB
XML
231 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="51C950F7B9BD1F02A03B76F6720692B3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277458" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4884183-d33b-4939-86e5-a56ceaf8ce9f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277458" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460305318245" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nilsson, Karin Sara, Wallberg, Andreas & Jondelius, Ulf" docDate="2011" docId="03A6456DFFA0AE56FF4B94F0FCDBF812" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02867p031.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2867" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pharyngia furva" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF9F3D15FFB5AE43FFDC9545FFDDFF9D" masterDocTitle="New species of Acoela from the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the South Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698253171788" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B6C355FB0CADB7F70881CA35E55DD8B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE1B91E48E35CA10A91439A70801EE99">
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<mods:title id="0C7E108E3BE3CC80BCCFE7683B0F624C">New species of Acoela from the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the South Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F29F256553E17D91904D89BCC6441451" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="717E77665738CB47C2EA58DE33A098D9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="19DFFF0A3067A71AF2C49391292EEE22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DC80CDBE1B954FBBE240C65B0FCB889">Nilsson, Karin Sara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6C2DB7D06212E7F41A19BDD8168B3AC4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ADC8E06206AD573D3292D54FF2F0BC17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F22D5E0CC1C8E9F7AEF40C8B1B69DF9C">Wallberg, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E8DBA49C9452C0E6061ADA021452CD0A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6CE6810D4B2D9DC96621BF2AC65F6826">Jondelius, Ulf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F86BCD6C1756E761C7886DD058C923F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A25277175135A39B7B4BFDDEE2D419D1">
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<mods:title id="D414C1741AEF50A240108EA842CCCED6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="174DD6789C6F513CDF529227C1658CDF">
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<mods:date id="CF60F574487BD798317159C0D39004A9">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="90EC26782F56CE6BC611FCD8F4455D4D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="93D2D79075A939F5A95EA5BF90D8F9E7">2867</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B653F77CDE36CAD18E9E9DA337269FA4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B361CDF563BC278A4F258847D07520C8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F3AF0557D758AB3BFD0A819567399B56" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40FBD12E495D694E31102D3FC72215EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">277458</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A6456DFFA0AE56FF4B94F0FCDBF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683947" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119400295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6456DFFA0AE56FF4B94F0FCDBF812" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6456DFFA0AE56FF4B94F0FCDBF812" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF4B94F0FE5FFE72" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF4B94F0FDC9FE52" blockId="21.[151,532,437,495]" box="[151,532,437,463]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0F84317FFA0AE56FF4B94F0FDC9FE52" bold="true" box="[151,532,437,463]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF4B94F0FDC9FE52" bold="true" box="[151,532,437,463]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FF4B94F0FE83FE52" ID-CoL="4FVM8" box="[151,350,437,463]" class="Acoela" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Pharyngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="furva">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF4B94F0FE83FE52" bold="true" box="[151,350,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pharyngia furva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp.nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF4B9492FE5FFE72" blockId="21.[151,532,437,495]" box="[151,386,471,495]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FF439492FF21FE72" box="[159,252,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="22.[151,250,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,815]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,159,816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. Scale bar: 320 μm. B. View of mid-body showing male copulatory organ. Scale bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277476/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FED49492FEFBFE72" box="[264,294,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,940,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,940,1951]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. A. Section through length of body. Scale bar: 50 μm. C. Section through posterior. Scale bar: 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277477/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FEEE9492FE8DFE72" box="[306,336,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1965,1988]" captionTargetBox="[193,1399,161,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[193,1400,161,1946]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Reconstructions show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal reconstruction of whole living animal. B. Sagittal reconstruction of the whole animal. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277478/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FE809492FEA4FE72" box="[348,377,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,205,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,195,1063]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 22. Detail from the majority rule consensus tree summarizing the result of the Bayesian analysis of the combined 18 S rDNA, 28 S rDNA and COI dataset with the GTR + G substitution model after 10 million generations sampled every 1000 generations after a burnin of 5 million generations. Pharyngia furva gen. et n. sp. is the first branch in a clade composed of all included Isodiametridae and some species currently classified in Actinoposthiidae and Haploposthiidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277479/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">22</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF4B9765FC3CFDE2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF4B9765FBDEFDAA" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" box="[151,1027,543,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF4B9765FEE3FDA5" bold="true" box="[151,318,543,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<typeStatus id="54B44AD9FFA0AE56FF4B9765FF0DFDA5" box="[151,208,544,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
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Material
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</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="54B44AD9FFA0AE56FE93975AFE61FDAA" box="[335,444,543,567]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED1E6CBEFFA0AE56FE1A975AFDCAFDAA" box="[454,535,543,567]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SMNH</collectionCode>
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Type-8044.
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<typeStatus id="54B44AD9FFA0AE56FD799765FCDAFDA5" box="[677,775,544,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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1:
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<collectionCode id="ED1E6CBEFFA0AE56FCF7975AFCA1FDAA" box="[811,892,543,567]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SMNH</collectionCode>
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Type-8045.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9701FAAAFDC1" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" box="[199,1399,579,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B9701FEB5FDC1" bold="true" box="[199,360,579,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<typeStatus id="54B44AD9FFA0AE56FF1B9701FEDDFDC1" box="[199,256,580,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality
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</emphasis>
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. Eilat, (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3B92BCFFA0AE56FE1D9701FD83FDC1" box="[449,606,580,604]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" value="29.5075">29° 30' 27" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3B92BCFFA0AE56FDB59701FCDFFDC1" box="[617,770,580,604]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" value="34.93778">34° 56' 16" E</geoCoordinate>
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), animals occurred at
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<quantity id="4CF7599EFFA0AE56FC259701FB81FDC1" box="[1017,1116,580,604]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
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water depth in fine sand.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9722FC3CFDE2" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" box="[199,993,615,640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B9722FE25FD1D" bold="true" box="[199,504,615,640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Other Material examined</emphasis>
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. Living specimens in squeeze preparations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF1B97C9FAE8FD39" box="[199,1333,652,676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B97C9FAE8FD39" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" box="[199,1333,652,676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B97C9FE93FD39" bold="true" box="[199,334,652,676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Species name refers to the dark brown appearance of body,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FC2C97C9FBF6FD39" box="[1008,1067,652,676]" class="Acoela" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Pharyngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="furva">furva</taxonomicName>
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= dark-colored in latin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF1B97EAFD76FA9A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B97EAFBD8FC59" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B97EAFE84FD55" bold="true" box="[199,345,687,712]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
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Living specimens up to 2000 μm long and 500 μm wide (1/5). Body extremely fragile, therefore no anesthetization was used before fixation in Bouin. Specimens fixed for histological sectioning contracted. Body shape cylindrical, anterior end rounded, posterior part tapering (
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FCAA97B2FC17FC92" box="[886,970,759,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="22.[151,250,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,815]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,159,816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. Scale bar: 320 μm. B. View of mid-body showing male copulatory organ. Scale bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277476/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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A). Epidermis uncolored and completely ciliated with 5 μm long cilia. The margins of body are clear, the rest of body with dark brown coloration. Statocyst located 280 μm from anterior end, at U12. Frontal organ present, cell bodies located at level of statocyst, extending from U10 to U20. Mouth opening on ventral surface in anterior end, slightly anterior to statocyst, at U10. Mouth opens to ciliated tube-shaped pharynx, extending from U10 to U22 (
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FC4C96C2FC3CFC02" box="[912,993,903,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,940,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,940,1951]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. A. Section through length of body. Scale bar: 50 μm. C. Section through posterior. Scale bar: 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277477/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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AB). In live specimens pharynx is difficult to see due to dark coloration of body. Digestive central syncytium diffuse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B968AFCF8FBB2" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Ovary unpaired, ventral, with up to 4 oocytes, extending from the posterior end of pharynx to middle of body, U58 to U30. In live specimens oocytes are dark brown and highly visible (
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FC0296B1FBF2FB91" box="[990,1071,1012,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="22.[151,250,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,815]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,159,816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. Scale bar: 320 μm. B. View of mid-body showing male copulatory organ. Scale bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277476/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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AB). Seminal bursa or any other female accessory organs absent in all collected specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9178FE6CFB22" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Testes paired, lateral to ovary, compact, extend from posterior of pharynx to male copulatory organ, U28 to U60. Male gonopore positioned posterior to mid-ventral oocyte, at U65, and opens to 60 μm long well-developed ciliated antrum followed by the male copulatory organ consisting of 15 μm long penis-papilla weakly stained by eosin (
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<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FF3D91E2FEE0FB22" box="[225,317,1191,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="22.[151,250,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,815]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,159,816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pharyngia furva sp. nov. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. Scale bar: 320 μm. B. View of mid-body showing male copulatory organ. Scale bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277476/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
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B, 20AC).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9189FD76FA9A" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Penis invaginated into muscular seminal vesicle, about 40 μm in diameter, with well developed wall. Copulatory organ 55 μm long and 48 μm wide in total.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF1B9051FB8AFA21" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9051FB8AFA21" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B9051FEE9FAB1" bold="true" box="[199,308,1300,1324]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
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In the Bayesian analysis
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FD899051FCD3FAB1" box="[597,782,1300,1324]" class="Acoela" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Pharyngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="furva">
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<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FD899051FCD3FAB1" box="[597,782,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pharyngia furva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et n.sp. is the first branch in a clade composed of all included
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FF239072FE78FAD2" box="[255,421,1335,1359]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Isodiametridae</taxonomicName>
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and some species currently classified in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FCAB9072FBEBFAD2" box="[887,1078,1335,1359]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Actinoposthiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Actinoposthiidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FBB29072FF12FAE9" authority="Westblad, 1948" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1948" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Haploposthiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">
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Haploposthiidae
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FAF29072FF12FAE9" author="Westblad" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Westblad, E. (1948) Studien ueber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. V. Arkiv for Zoologi. 41 A (7), 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1948">Westblad, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FF029019FEF0FAE9" box="[222,301,1372,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,205,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,195,1063]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 22. Detail from the majority rule consensus tree summarizing the result of the Bayesian analysis of the combined 18 S rDNA, 28 S rDNA and COI dataset with the GTR + G substitution model after 10 million generations sampled every 1000 generations after a burnin of 5 million generations. Pharyngia furva gen. et n. sp. is the first branch in a clade composed of all included Isodiametridae and some species currently classified in Actinoposthiidae and Haploposthiidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277479/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hence, classifying it in one of the currently recognized genera would render that genus non-monophyletic. This species is therefore classified in the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FC8E90C5FC15FA05" box="[850,968,1408,1432]" class="Acoela" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Pharyngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FC8E90C5FC15FA05" box="[850,968,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pharyngia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FBC3903AFB18FA0A" box="[1055,1221,1407,1431]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Isodiametridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the male copulatory organ which has a penis invaginated into a muscular seminal vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315A7F0FFA0AE56FF1B9082FCDBF812" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B9082FE4CF998" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B9082FE9CFA7D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1479,1504]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FE94908DFE63FA7D" box="[328,446,1480,1504]" class="Acoela" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Pharyngia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FE94908DFE63FA7D" box="[328,446,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pharyngia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2489512FFA0AE56FE1A908DFDF0FA42" box="[454,557,1480,1504]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FDE89082FD07FA42" box="[564,730,1479,1503]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Isodiametridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a pharynx but without copulatory bursa or any other secondary female organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B934AFD2DF941" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
There are only two previously known species in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FCA8934AFBC7F9BA" box="[884,1050,1551,1575]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Isodiametridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have a pharynx,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FAC89355FE03F9D1" authority="Dorjes, 1968" authorityName="Dorjes" authorityYear="1968" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="helgolandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FAC89355FEF4F9D1" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isodiametra helgolandica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FEE19371FE08F9D1" author="Dorjes" box="[317,469,1588,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452." type="journal article" year="1968">Dörjes, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FDC29371FC2CF9D1" authority="Dorjes, 1968" authorityName="Dorjes" authorityYear="1968" box="[542,1009,1588,1612]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="longum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FDC29371FC91F9D1" box="[542,844,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Praeaphanostoma longum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FC849371FC2CF9D1" author="Dorjes" box="[856,1009,1588,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452." type="journal article" year="1968">Dörjes, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FB409371FEC5F9F2" authority="Hooge & Tyler, 2005" authorityName="Hooge & Tyler" authorityYear="2005" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FB409371FAFEF9D1" box="[1180,1315,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isodiametra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FAF39370FEC5F9F2" author="Hooge" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Hooge, MD. & Tyler, S. (2005) New tools for resolving phylogenies: A systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 100 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">Hooge & Tyler, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a seminal bursa with a bursal nozzle and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FCAF931DFB0EF9F2" authority="Dorjes 1968" authorityName="Dorjes" authorityYear="1968" box="[883,1235,1623,1648]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Praeaphanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FCAF931DFB9DF9ED" box="[883,1088,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Praeaphanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FB949312FB0EF9F2" author="Dorjes" box="[1096,1235,1623,1647]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 6, 56 - 452." type="journal article" year="1968">Dörjes 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a tubular copulatory organ and a seminal bursa.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FD9B9339FC13F909" authority="Westblad, 1945" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1945" box="[583,974,1660,1684]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Faerlea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="glomerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FD9B9339FCC4F909" box="[583,793,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Faerlea glomerata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FCFC9339FC13F909" author="Westblad" box="[800,974,1660,1684]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Westblad, E. (1945) Studien ueber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. III. Arkiv for Zoologi, 36 A (5), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1945">Westblad, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar copulatory organ to the one in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF6893E4FECDF925" box="[180,272,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. f u r v a,</emphasis>
|
||
but the penis is tubular instead of a small penis-papilla, the male antrum is much shorter, the animal is unpigmented and translucent and there is no pharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0F47BFFA0AE56FF1B93ACFCDBF812" blockId="21.[151,1436,543,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FF1B93ACFEC4F89D" box="[199,281,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. f u r v a</emphasis>
|
||
can appear similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FDCA93ADFC10F962" authority="Westblad, 1946" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1946" box="[534,973,1767,1792]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Hallangiidae" genus="Hallangia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="proporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FDCA93ADFCCBF89D" box="[534,790,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hallangia proporoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E898AFFA0AE56FCC193A2FC10F962" author="Westblad" box="[797,973,1767,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Westblad, E. (1946) Studien ueber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. IV. Arkiv for Zoologi. 38 A (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1946">Westblad, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FB9C93ACFB4EF89D" box="[1088,1171,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. f u r v a</emphasis>
|
||
has a copulatory organ with penis-papilla, a long ciliated male antrum and the coloration of body is dark brown, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FB1A9248FAADF8B9" box="[1222,1392,1804,1828]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Hallangiidae" genus="Hallangia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="proporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FB1A9248FAADF8B9" box="[1222,1392,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. proporoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a tube formed penis, a short male antrum and white to yellow coloration. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FB8E9274FB21F8D5" box="[1106,1276,1840,1864]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Hallangiidae" genus="Hallangia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="proporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FB8E9274FB21F8D5" box="[1106,1276,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. proporoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a seminal bursa and the anterior end is somewhat pointed. Sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F8FF8FFA0AE56FC969210FC2EF8F1" box="[842,1011,1876,1900]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Hallangiidae" genus="Hallangia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="proporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B2869FFA0AE56FC969210FC2EF8F1" box="[842,1011,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. proporoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are included in the phylogenetic analysis and are more closely related to Hofstenia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334E8FEFFA0AE56FD799232FD24F812" box="[677,761,1911,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="28.[151,250,830,853]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,167,815]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[210,1385,157,816]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 26. Detail from the majority rule consensus tree summarizing the result of the Bayesian analysis of the combined 18 S rDNA, 28 S rDNA and COI dataset with the GTR + G substitution model after 10 million generations sampled every 1000 generations after a burnin of 5 million generations. Solenofilomorpha justinei n. sp groups with other Solenofilomorphidae species with maximum support, although there is low support for relationships within the clade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277483/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |