treatments-xml/data/AB/18/48/AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a5c9cb9-9aa6-4fcc-a4cc-561e0551866c" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512464" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1631802025280" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle &amp; Dessein, Steven" docDate="2009" docId="AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA" docLanguage="en" docName="nordicjournlbotany.27.205-312.pdf" docOrigin="Nordic Journal of Botany 27" docTitle="Mitriostigma monocaule Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="57213010FFB0FFBAFFBFFFAEFFC8766D" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon" masterLastPageNumber="312" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1682083708296" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sonke´, Bonaventure</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simo, Murielle</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dessein, Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Nordic Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2009-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="187975547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1437,1677,1917]" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<heading bold="true" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="43R8N" authority="Sonke &amp; Dessein" authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[820,1408,1677,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule" status="sp. nov.">Mitriostigma monocaule Sonké &amp; Dessein</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[820,927,1712,1742]" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[947,1027,1712,1742]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[151,210,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[249,1336,120,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-1@1.[249,1337,120,1718]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Mitriostigma monocaule Sonké &amp; Dessein sp. nov. (a) fruiting stem with supra-axillary infrutescences, scale bar=1 cm, (b) stipule and part of the stem showing the supra-axillary position of the inflorescence, scale bar=1 mm, (c) detail of inflorescence, scale bar=2 mm, (d) calyx, corolla and exserted stigma, scale bar=2 mm, (e) corolla opened out, scale bar=2 mm, (f) style, scale bar= 2 mm, (g) longitudinal section of ovary, scale bar=1 mm, (h) fruit, scale bar=5 mm, (i) seed, scale bar=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512468/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1042,1071,1712,1742]" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">4)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1437,1677,1917]" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[820,1116,1773,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigmati" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barteri">Mitriostigmati barteri Hook.</taxonomicName>
f. ex Hiern affinis sed ab illa habitu monocauli (versus frutescenti et ramoso), nervorum secundariorum numero ab utroque latere 8
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis box="[1275,1402,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">12 (versus 6</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">9) atque inflorescentiis supra-axillaribus in paribus oppositis (versus pseudo-axillaribus) differt.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="306" startId="1.[151,210,1744,1766]" targetBox="[249,1336,120,1718]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1419,1744,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="306">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName authority="Sonke &amp; Dessein" authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[249,642,1744,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[249,468,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="306">Mitriostigma monocaule</emphasis>
Sonké &amp; Dessein
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[650,726,1745,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="306" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(a) fruiting stem with supra-axillary infrutescences, scale bar=1 cm, (b) stipule and part of the stem showing the supra-axillary position of the inflorescence, scale bar=1 mm, (c) detail of inflorescence, scale bar=2 mm, (d) calyx, corolla and exserted stigma, scale bar=2 mm, (e) corolla opened out, scale bar=2 mm, (f) style, scale bar= 2 mm, (g) longitudinal section of ovary, scale bar=1 mm, (h) fruit, scale bar=5 mm, (i) seed, scale bar=1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512472/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" startId="2.[166,225,890,912]" targetBox="[273,1330,121,864]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[166,1434,890,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
Figure 2. (a) fruiting stem with supra-axillary infrutescences of 
<taxonomicName authority="Sonke &amp; Dessein" authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[760,1145,890,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[760,977,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mitriostigma monocaule</emphasis>
Sonké &amp; Dessein
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1152,1228,891,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, (b) side view of open flower and successive fruiting nodes, (c) side view of floral bud and fruit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512478/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" startId="2.[166,225,1891,1913]" targetBox="[273,1330,1069,1865]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[166,1434,1891,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
Figure 3. Pollen and seed morphology of 
<taxonomicName authority="Sonke &amp; Dessein" authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[566,955,1891,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[566,784,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mitriostigma monocaule</emphasis>
Sonké &amp; Dessein
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[962,1037,1892,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(a) polar view of triporate pollen grain in tetrad, (b) detail of apocolpium showing (micro)reticulate sexine, (c) overview of seed, (d) detail of exotesta cells.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" startId="3.[151,210,1446,1468]" targetBox="[256,1313,120,1419]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1419,1446,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
Figure 4. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[409,598,1446,1468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[409,525,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Mitriostigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(? =uncertain locality for 
<taxonomicName box="[866,970,1446,1468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">
<emphasis box="[866,970,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">M. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on Bisset s. n. (K): Umzumkulu (?= Umzimkulu)).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,768,1535,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3352631305" collectingDate="2008-03-18" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="Sonke and Simo" country="Cameroon" location="Elephant Mountains" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="south province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,206,1535,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Type</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry box="[221,334,1535,1559]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[345,502,1535,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">south province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA:266EAFA5FFB3FFB9FDBEFA51FD11707A" box="[513,729,1535,1559]" country="Cameroon" name="Elephant Mountains" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" stateProvince="south province">Elephant Mountains</location>
, 
<date pageId="3" pageNumber="308" value="2008-03-18">
<collectingDate pageId="3" pageNumber="308" value="2008-03-18">18 Mar 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl., fr.), 
<collectorName box="[363,539,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Sonké and Simo</collectorName>
4742 (
<typeStatus box="[619,714,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[727,763,1565,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">BR</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3352631312" box="[151,626,1593,1617]" collectingDate="2008-03-18" collectionCode="BR, BRLU, K, MO, P, WAG, YA" collectorName="Sonke and Simo" country="Cameroon" location="Elephant Mountains" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="south province" typeStatus="isotypes">
<typeStatus box="[151,236,1593,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">isotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[248,284,1594,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">BR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[296,367,1594,1617]" collectionName="BRLU" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">BRLU</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[380,400,1594,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[413,461,1593,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[474,491,1594,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[505,570,1593,1617]" collectionName="WAG" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">WAG</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[582,619,1593,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">YA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,768,1652,1940]" lastBlockId="4.[166,783,121,554]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
Woody monocaul dwarf, 
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tall, internodes very short. Stems 
<quantity box="[297,385,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 mm</quantity>
in diameter; bark brown, sparsely hairy when young, becoming glabrous with age. Stipules persistent, ovate -triangular, at the base protruded into an awn, 
<quantity box="[217,338,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5-12 mm</quantity>
long (including 
<quantity box="[542,630,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4-6 mm</quantity>
long awn), 
<quantity box="[151,239,1799,1823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
wide at the base, puberulous outside. Leaves decussate; petiole 
<quantity box="[353,467,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13-18 mm</quantity>
long, sparsely hairy when young; leaf blades obovate, 11-19 × 
<quantity box="[578,698,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5-6.5 cm</quantity>
; apex acuminate with acumen (10-) 13-17 (-20) mm long; base attenuate; leaf surface glabrous above and underneath; mid-vein prominent below, slightly prominent above; secondary veins brochidodromous, prominent below, 8-12 on each side of the midrib, ascending, straight to slightly curved at the base, strongly curved at the margin to join with the adjacent vein; intersecondary veins forming a dense reticulate network; domatia absent. Inflorescences supra-axillary and paired at the nodes, shifted ca 
<quantity box="[1359,1421,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
above the nodes, 2-10-flowered, peduncle sparsely pubescent. Flowers 5-merous, pedicels often pink, 
<quantity box="[1339,1421,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long; bracts and bracteoles often pink, triangular to narrowly triangular, sparsely pubescent particularly at the margin. Corolla buds pink with contorted aestivation to the left. Calyx pink; calyx tube ca 
<quantity box="[1149,1233,1887,1911]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
; calyx lobes subequal, triangular, 
<quantity box="[988,1116,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6-1.2 mm</quantity>
long, very sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Corolla campanulate, cream -white with pink stripes and dots; corolla tube 10.5-12.0 mm long, glabrous outside, with a zone of hairs of ca 
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just below the enlarged part of the tube inside; corolla lobes 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[680,706,209,234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">9</emphasis>
elliptic, 3.5 × 
<quantity box="[228,313,238,262]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
. Anthers entirely included, basifixed, attached ca 
<quantity box="[283,345,267,290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
from the base of the corolla tube, ca 
<quantity box="[166,248,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long including a 
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long sterile appendix. Pollen 3-porate, dispersed as tetrads; sexine (micro-)reticulate. Ovary 2-locular, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; disc cylindrical, surrounding the base of the style. Style exserted, ca 
<quantity box="[196,271,413,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long; stigma lobes ca 
<quantity box="[505,587,413,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
long. Fruits ovoid to sub-fusiform, crowned by persistent calyx lobes, 19- 28 × 
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, orange at maturity, glabrous. Seeds 4-9 per fruit, 5.3-7.3 × 
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; seed-coat with fine narrow reticulations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,555,606,631]" box="[166,555,606,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<heading bold="true" box="[166,555,606,631]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,555,606,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Distribution, habitat and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,782,663,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,409,663,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[166,409,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Lower Guinean subcentre of endemism (
<bibRefCitation author="White, F." box="[391,522,692,717]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg." pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="11 - 55" part="49" refId="ref5292" refString="White, F. 1979. The Guineo - Congolian region and its relationship to other phytochoria. - Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 49: 11 - 55." title="The Guineo - Congolian region and its relationship to other phytochoria" type="journal article" year="1979">White 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and is restricted to the region of south Cameroon (
<figureCitation box="[467,534,722,746]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="3.[151,210,1446,1468]" captionTargetBox="[256,1313,120,1419]" captionTargetId="figure-256@3.[256,1313,120,1419]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Mitriostigma species (?=uncertain locality for M. axillare based on Bisset s. n. (K): Umzumkulu (?= Umzimkulu))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The area from which 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,307,751,775]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[166,307,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known, supports a closed-canopy evergreen forest with many epiphytes and a rich herb layer, which can be classified as Biafran evergreen forests, rich in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Letouzey 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Letouzey" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caesalpiniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Caesalpiniaceae (
<bibRefCitation author="Letouzey, R." box="[256,416,839,863]" journalOrPublisher="Inst. de la Recherche Agronomique (Herbier Natl), Yaounde, et Inst. de la Carte Int. de la Vegetation." pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref4986" refString="Letouzey, R. 1985. Notice de la carte phytogeographique du Cameroun au 1: 500 000. 4. Domaine de la foret dense humide toujours verte: 95 - 142. - Inst. de la Recherche Agronomique (Herbier Natl), Yaounde, et Inst. de la Carte Int. de la Vegetation." title="Notice de la carte phytogeographique du Cameroun au 1: 500 000. 4. Domaine de la foret dense humide toujours verte: 95 - 142" type="book" year="1985">Letouzey 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,287,915,940]" box="[166,287,915,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<heading bold="true" box="[166,287,915,940]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,287,915,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Phenology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,518,972,996]" box="[166,518,972,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Flowering and fruiting in March.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,394,1048,1074]" box="[166,394,1048,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<heading bold="true" box="[166,394,1048,1074]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,394,1048,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,783,1105,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
Data sparse. On the evidence available, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[608,754,1105,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[608,754,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly localized, being known only from the southern edge of the Elephant Mountains. So far, it is known from just one site and one single population. This is despite the fact that the species is highly conspicuous in flower and fruit and the fact that two of us have made several lengthy visits to the Elephant Mountains over recent years. We hope that more populations and new sites for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[634,782,1310,1334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[634,782,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be located in the future. Given its apparent rarity, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[166,310,1368,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[166,310,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a suitable subject for a propagation and reintroduction scheme.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,287,1474,1499]" box="[166,287,1474,1499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<heading bold="true" box="[166,287,1474,1499]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,287,1474,1499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,782,1531,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
The epithet ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[299,403,1531,1555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[299,403,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ refers to the monocaulous life-form of the plant (below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,718,1650,1680]" box="[166,718,1650,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<heading bold="true" box="[166,718,1650,1680]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,718,1650,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Diagnostic characters and relationships</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[166,783,1711,1940]" lastBlockId="4.[820,1437,121,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
Floral and seed morphology clearly place the novelty within 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[166,295,1741,1764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[166,295,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As in the other 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[513,730,1741,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[513,642,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the corolla is relatively short and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[476,502,1770,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">9</emphasis>
campanulate or cylindrical and widened at the apex, and the seeds are rounded to angular but not strongly compressed. This is in contrast with the species of the sister genus 
<taxonomicName box="[555,661,1857,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Oxyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[555,661,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Oxyanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are characterized by long cylindrical corollas and strongly compressed seeds. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[371,618,1916,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[371,618,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
takes a rather isolated position within the genus as it has a unique combination of character states (
<tableCitation box="[1238,1338,151,175]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[150,199,617,637]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of the Mitriostigma species, geographic distribution, altitudinal range and habitat. The characters distinguishing M. monocaule (sp. nov.) from the other species are" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/77CEA9F6FFB5FFBFFF29FDC7FEA974F8" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" tableUuid="77CEA9F6FFB5FFBFFF29FDC7FEA974F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
). With 
<taxonomicName box="[820,986,181,205]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarense">
<emphasis box="[820,986,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. usambarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species shares the supra-axillary position of the inflorescences, the relatively short corolla lobes compared to the length of the corolla tube, and the included anthers. However, the leaves of 
<taxonomicName box="[1240,1400,271,295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarense">
<emphasis box="[1240,1400,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. usambarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are much smaller, the inflorescences are solitary at the nodes, the corolla tube is longer and only widened at the throat, and the fruits are ellipsoid not ovoid to sub-fusiform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1437,121,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
With 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bridson" authorityYear="1979" box="[919,1060,391,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="greenwayi">
<emphasis box="[919,1060,391,414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. greenwayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it shares the large leaves and the axillary inflorescences paired at the nodes. The corolla of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, is much shorter, the stipules are narrower, the anthers are included, and the inflorescences are supra-axillary (although we occasionally observed supraaxillary inflorescences in 
<taxonomicName authority=", De Block et al." authorityName="De Block" baseAuthorityName="Bridson" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[1075,1375,541,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="greenwayi">
<emphasis box="[1075,1209,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. greenwayi</emphasis>
, De Block et al.
</taxonomicName>
431).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1437,121,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
With 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[918,1028,570,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigmati" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barteri">
<emphasis box="[918,1028,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. barteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to which we think 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[1262,1408,570,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[1262,1408,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely related, the novelty shares the included anthers and the very similar flowers and fruits. The habit of the two species is different, however. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[1161,1375,660,684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barteri">
<emphasis box="[1161,1375,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma barteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a branched shrub up to 
<quantity box="[1068,1114,690,714]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
tall, whereas the novelty is a small unbranched woody plant up to 
<quantity box="[1220,1285,720,744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
tall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1437,121,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
<bibRefCitation author="Robbrecht, E." box="[852,1046,749,774]" journalOrPublisher="Opera Bot. Belg." pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 272" part="1" refId="ref5099" refString="Robbrecht, E. 1988. Tropical woody Rubiaceae. Characteristic features and progressions. Contributions to a new subfamilial classification. - Opera Bot. Belg. 1: 1 - 272." title="Tropical woody Rubiaceae. Characteristic features and progressions. Contributions to a new subfamilial classification." type="journal article" year="1988">Robbrecht (1988)</bibRefCitation>
has tentatively proposed the term ‘monocaul dwarfs’ for this kind of life-form, and the term has since then been used regularly in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1205,1309,809,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
systematics. In older literature this life-form has been reported under vague terms such as sub-shrub, treelet, or by means of intricate circumscriptions, e.g. ‘‘small pachycaul treelet’’ (
<bibRefCitation author="Ridsdale, C. E. &amp; et al." box="[827,1039,930,954]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="339 - 348" part="20" refId="ref5070" refString="Ridsdale, C. E. et al. 1972. Notes on New Guinea Rubiaceae. Versteegia and Maschalodesme. - Blumea 20: 339 - 348." title="Notes on New Guinea Rubiaceae. Versteegia and Maschalodesme" type="journal article" year="1972">Ridsdale et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
) or ‘‘unbranched understorey treelet’’ (
<bibRefCitation author="Ridsdale, C. E." box="[827,981,960,984]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="267 - 269" part="22" refId="ref5046" refString="Ridsdale, C. E. 1975. Notes on New Guinea Rubiaceae. Chaetostachydium. - Blumea 22: 267 - 269." title="Notes on New Guinea Rubiaceae. Chaetostachydium" type="journal article" year="1975">Ridsdale 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from the monocaulous growth form and the supra-axillary inflorescences paired at the nodes, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[1072,1179,1020,1044]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barteri">
<emphasis box="[1072,1179,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. barteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the somewhat larger leaves with more numerous secondary veins and a more pronounced acumen (
<tableCitation box="[1050,1131,1080,1104]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[150,199,617,637]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of the Mitriostigma species, geographic distribution, altitudinal range and habitat. The characters distinguishing M. monocaule (sp. nov.) from the other species are" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/77CEA9F6FFB5FFBFFF29FDC7FEA974F8" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" tableUuid="77CEA9F6FFB5FFBFFF29FDC7FEA974F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1437,121,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
The finding of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sonke´ &amp; Simo &amp; Dessein" authorityYear="2009" box="[1023,1169,1109,1133]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monocaule">
<emphasis box="[1023,1169,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">M. monocaule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirms that the genus 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[820,949,1140,1163]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitriostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[820,949,1140,1163]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Mitriostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically heterogeneous, which might support the suggestion of 
<bibRefCitation author="Bridson, D. M." box="[1156,1315,1169,1193]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="113 - 130" part="34" refId="ref4692" refString="Bridson, D. M. 1979. Studies in Oxyanthus and Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae subfam. Cinchonoideae) for part 2 of ' Flora of tropical east Africa': Rubiaceae. - Kew Bull. 34: 113 - 130." title="Studies in Oxyanthus and Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae subfam. Cinchonoideae) for part 2 of ' Flora of tropical east Africa': Rubiaceae" type="journal article" year="1979">Bridson (1979)</bibRefCitation>
that several subgenera could be recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>