121 lines
16 KiB
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121 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="08FD57436C7E490F5D4056255D3717C6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5374561" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5374561" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276635605" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Sigogneau-Russell, Denise" docDate="2003" docId="8C6F152BC637774DFA1A2AC2DD545F88" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2003.25.3.501-537.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 25 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Peramuridae Kretzoi 1946" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="528" masterDocId="70566D53C62C7751FB422849DC215A4D" masterDocTitle="Holotherian mammals from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic of England)" masterLastPageNumber="537" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="528" updateTime="1699209846735" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3E5ADA31CCA343CB29F10F7E8A440B6">
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<mods:title id="3D90AF7B2F9D812EAB4AC51110B8C00B">Holotherian mammals from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic of England)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BD515FF251F1E17D6616E94CD266C48A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF76C6CAAD862DEA1AFDEC5CB8D43E40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D276734D594D44DBF9BD048ACA3E6886">Sigogneau-Russell, Denise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17EBBA5E66CFC5CDAA6E82535E983DC2">Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) ds. dr @ free. fr.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C6159209FA803E07B54D926127005AC" type="email">dr@free.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4FA312698C030E5B2B5051CB63445ECA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E0045A446B9248852B7370E7E4F232D">
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<mods:title id="83909010A56C56FE1E9ECD40908222D9">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="03FB11BD58848203E997C815C1903186">
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<mods:date id="611C9D4703A13D3BF7451F3E25B7A897">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C5954DB44D2195954CB1E50A828D947" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="94B6C4C8AAA9A2A7121C908E3A0C8B54">25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4DFD8197DCF0FA366C6EDF32F6E3FD30" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9D5E85A9EA34100B93D8EB4A06D79228">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="4D4956892349CECD1F8BBC7CB307C525" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="87800E610D7357A69527363CF2D068D3">501</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F993C24EBADDC369A121E552B4A2B86F">537</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="23AE1D1457E1A9151B7721139940215B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5374561</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BEA9821A199F1381652506A06452F6AB" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0A8920B2E69D647726CA8CEE1C1BDB3E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5374561</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8C6F152BC637774DFA1A2AC2DD545F88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C6F152BC637774DFA1A2AC2DD545F88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C6F152BC637774DFA1A2AC2DD545F88" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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<subSubSection id="4CDCF7B6C637774AFA1A2AC2DDCB58E8" box="[344,490,651,677]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AFA1A2AC2DDCB58E8" blockId="27.[151,684,651,742]" box="[344,490,651,677]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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<heading id="5F311351C637774AFA1A2AC2DDCB58E8" box="[344,490,651,677]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" reason="2">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AFA202AC2DDCB58E8" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1946" box="[354,490,651,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Peramuridae</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4CDCF7B6C637774DFBD52AFDDD545F88" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AFBD52AFDDD2F58AB" blockId="27.[151,684,651,742]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<collectionCode id="62D73CF8C637774AFAE12AFDDDD55886" box="[419,500,692,715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">BMNH</collectionCode>
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J.752, left upper molariform.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AFBD52B42DEB25EE8" blockId="27.[151,684,778,1669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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One last interesting tooth is the left upper molariform
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<collectionCode id="62D73CF8C637774AFB942B63DD0F5909" box="[214,302,810,836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">BMNH</collectionCode>
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J.752 (
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<figureCitation id="9CFDB8B8C637774AFAC62B62DDF85908" box="[388,473,811,837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[151,162,543,560]" captionTargetBox="[187,1208,172,508]" captionTargetId="figure-523@27.[169,1228,160,523]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 20. —?Peramurid upper molar, BMNH J.752, × 34; A, lingual view; B, labial view; C, posterior view; D, anterior view; E, occlusal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374601/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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): very small, it has only two roots, the posterior one showing only a sulcus along its length and being dominant lingually. The tooth is very narrow so that there is no trigon basin. The paracone is high, closely followed postero-lingually by a small metacone; there is only a faint indication of a low “c” cusp but the distal labial lobe is not quite complete. A shelf-like labial cingulum leads to a very extensive parastyle. The paracrista crest leading to the tiny stylocone is vertical; from the stylocone a short horizontal crest connects to the parastyle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AFBD52CE2DE795C08" blockId="27.[151,684,778,1669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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The first interpretation is that this tooth would be a milk molar. However, in dryolestids (
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AF91A2C82DCF15F48" author="MARTIN T." pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref17433" refString="MARTIN T. 1999. - Dryolestidae (Dryolestoidea, Mammalia) aus dem Oberen Jura von Portugal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 550: 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1999">Martin 1999</bibRefCitation>
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) DP4 and even more DP3 are longer than a molar; if J.752 is identified as a milk molar of
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AFBD52D62DD185F08" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,313,1323,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" genus="Palaeoxonodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC637774AFBD52D62DD185F08" box="[151,313,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Palaeoxonodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it is too small to be either tooth. Apparently DP2 would be shorter, but none is known in dryolestids: only a fragment is preserved in GUI MAM 34/76; from what is left it can be assumed that the tooth measured slightly more than a half molar; J.752 would then fit in
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC637774AF95F2D82DE8D5FA8" box="[541,684,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Paleoxonodon</emphasis>
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only as a DP2. The large parastyle extension also fits the deciduous interpretation (though the morphology seems overly complex for a DP2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AFBD52E03D87D5948" blockId="27.[151,684,778,1669]" lastBlockId="27.[714,1247,651,1669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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But other features do not fit: lingual position of the metacone (no different from that of molars in DP3 and DP4,
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AF8382AC2D82A58E8" author="MARTIN T." box="[890,1035,651,677]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref17433" refString="MARTIN T. 1999. - Dryolestidae (Dryolestoidea, Mammalia) aus dem Oberen Jura von Portugal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 550: 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1999">Martin 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 39A), possible presence of a facet 4, reduction of the stylocone (not occuring on DP3 and DP4,
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AFF052A82D8FA58A8" author="MARTIN T." box="[1095,1243,715,741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="332 - 348" refId="ref17463" refString="MARTIN T. 2002. - New stem-lineage representatives of Zatheria (Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22: 332 - 348." type="journal article" year="2002">Martin 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 39A, E-H), vertical preparacrista.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AF9882B42D8F35EC8" blockId="27.[714,1247,651,1669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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These features are strongly reminiscent of M1 of
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AF9882B63DF09590E" box="[714,808,810,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" genus="Peramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC637774AF9882B63DF09590E" box="[714,808,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Peramus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in fact J.752 has the morphology and proportions intermediate between the P5 and M1 of this genus). Could it be that the structure of the peramurid upper molars is plesiomorphic (the situation of the metacone and the lingual cingulid have already been suspected of such,
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AFF1E2B83D8FB59A8" author="FOX R. C." box="[1116,1242,970,997]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="412 - 442" refId="ref16955" refString="FOX R. C. 1975. - Molar structure and function in the Early Cretaceous mammal Pappotherium: Evolutionary implications for Mesozoic Theria. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12: 412 - 442." type="journal article" year="1975">Fox [1975]</bibRefCitation>
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, Sigogneau-Russell [1999] but contra
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AFF3B2BA2DF5B5E68" author="BUTLER P. M. & CLEMENS W. A." pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref16603" refString="BUTLER P. M. & CLEMENS W. A. 2001. - Dental morphology of the Jurassic holotherian mammal, Amphitherium with a discussion of the evolution of mammalian post-canine dental formulae. Palaeontology 44: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Butler & Clemens [2001]</bibRefCitation>
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), and that the amphitheriid structure is derived from that scheme, which would still show in its DPs? That would also explain the configuration of the talonid similar in both lines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774AF9882CC3D8E95FA8" blockId="27.[714,1247,651,1669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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However, J.752 is smaller than M1 of
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AFF3C2CC3D8F95EEE" box="[1150,1240,1162,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" genus="Peramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC637774AFF3C2CC3D8F95EEE" box="[1150,1240,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Peramus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has a larger parastyle, and lacks the lingual cuspules. Also the metacone is lower situated relative to the paracone. The Kirtlington tooth appears even closer to
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<collectionCode id="62D73CF8C637774AF89A2D42DFD95F68" box="[984,1016,1291,1317]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">SA</collectionCode>
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37, from the Early Cretaceous of
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<collectingCountry id="7CD1E4ADC637774AF8242D63DFE85F09" box="[870,969,1322,1348]" name="Morocco" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AF89B2D63D87B5F09" box="[985,1114,1322,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" genus="Peramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC637774AF89B2D63D8125F0E" box="[985,1075,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Peramus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, Sigogneau-
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<bibRefCitation id="6057D9CCC637774AF9882D02DF4A5F28" author="RUSSELL D." box="[714,875,1355,1381]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="93 - 127" refId="ref17637" refString="SIGOGNEAU- RUSSELL D. 1999. - Reevaluation des Peramura (Mammalia, Cladotheria) sur la base de nouveaux specimens du Cretace inferieur d'Angleterre et du Maroc. Geodiversitas 21 (1): 93 - 127." type="journal article" year="1999">Russell 1999</bibRefCitation>
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), being only a bit smaller; the metacone is not quite so lingual, and the “c”- metastylar area possibly less developed; unfortunately the parastylar area is not fully preserved on
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<collectionCode id="62D73CF8C637774AF9882D82DEC85FA8" box="[714,745,1483,1509]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">SA</collectionCode>
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37, which may also represent a milk molar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0479A43DC637774DF9882DA3DD545F88" blockId="27.[714,1247,651,1669]" lastBlockId="28.[151,684,1162,1477]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
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In conclusion, if amphitheriids were dominant in this Bathonian fauna, there are some indications that
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC637774AF9BE2E62DF585C08" authorityName="Prothero" authorityYear="1981" box="[764,889,1579,1605]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dryolestida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dryolestida</taxonomicName>
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were already individualized, and scant suggestion that “Peramura” had detached from the “stem-lineage of Zatheria”. At the same time there also were evolutionary tentatives among holotherians (J.490;
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<taxonomicName id="C3C6DFBEC630774DFAAD2CE2DE8D5E88" authority="Sigogneau-Russell, 2003" authorityName="Sigogneau-Russell" authorityYear="2003" box="[495,684,1195,1221]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramuridae" genus="Kennetheredium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphitheriida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="36B2782FC630774DFAAD2CE2DE8D5E88" box="[495,684,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Kennetheredium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2D81C554C630774DFBD52C83DCC35EA9" box="[151,226,1226,1252]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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) which are not so far known in later faunas. Bushiness is a common step in the early evolutionary history of clades, after which natural sorting permits the flourishing of only a limited number of branches. Finally the quasi-absence of symmetrodonts suggests that these forms were direct ecological competitors of amphitheriids, or even of dryolestoids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |