261 lines
34 KiB
XML
261 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="AC6E4C3C0E47BC3E8931A99C16331CEE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202319" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4ad805b4-17ab-43a4-8b5f-75a38918eaf7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202319" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460334701943" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bulnes, Verónica N., Albano, Mariano J., Obenat, Sandra M. & Cazzaniga, Néstor J." docDate="2011" docId="8C5F87DF8C6CFFF2FF67FD538373FF04" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02990p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2990" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thysanozoon brocchii Risso 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="7066FFA78C69FFFBFFF0FFDE8030FFD0" masterDocTitle="Three Pseudocerotidae species (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Argentinean coast" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698259444559" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="242E6B55999EA9C2888CC784B1F7D143">
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<mods:title id="21452197FC8BD4E7D68DF92894954A42">Three Pseudocerotidae species (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Argentinean coast</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8EA6DAD828AA0AA0513E115F7DC762FC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D0B1350F23E74549204DEB8EBD1628E8">Bulnes, Verónica N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="043E4AB0AE596E7D3996382845FA524F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E8DD643C976DE9CD855CFAEA161ED83E">Albano, Mariano J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4C2AB8BB22A6F394A5503F201A60D5CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="23F4A5ABC6DE20F63D502D6C2A4932B8">Obenat, Sandra M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9A6367AD8C040F6E3799628B94E1934C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="750DF27AF5AEDDC936FCCBBDCAD90583">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5328B0657F1B7512645EE9CD080E5E1D">Cazzaniga, Néstor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BB9260BD838E2A5B0BD5973CC7C0D9C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="178ECDC218121C5DF9CCDA59BB05CCC3">
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<mods:date id="323298F6875985FFBE9551C5F7CBCFE3">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E80AEE222491861A0F981E4FDE9ED5D9">2990</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6FFF71F352DE4EC93098CAFBBEDA53A1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0812197E44A352F7A46C704818D8175B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.202319</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9F97ED46BF3250AF5383EF036CA9878" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33533F50AFF40534F44E0F8044A58EB9" type="Zenodo-Dep">202319</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8C5F87DF8C6CFFF2FF67FD538373FF04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6183439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6183439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C5F87DF8C6CFFF2FF67FD538373FF04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C5F87DF8C6CFFF2FF67FD538373FF04" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="4CEC65428C6CFFFEFF67FD53811FFD17" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF67FD538272FD77" blockId="5.[151,578,653,711]" box="[151,578,653,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="5F0181A58C6CFFFEFF67FD538272FD77" bold="true" box="[151,578,653,679]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6CFFFEFF67FD538272FD77" authority="Risso 1818" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,578,653,679]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6CFFFEFF67FD538272FD77" bold="true" box="[151,578,653,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6CFFFEFF67FD538192FD77" bold="true" box="[151,418,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
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(Risso 1818)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF67FD71811FFD17" blockId="5.[151,578,653,711]" box="[151,303,687,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9CCD2A4C8C6CFFFEFF6EFD718116FD17" box="[158,294,687,711]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1793,1816]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1048,1071]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1428,381,1768]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1434,293,1022]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1429,204,1814]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,373,1773]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,283,1027]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Thysanozoon brocchii (Risso, 1818). A, dorsal view of a living specimen; B, dorsal diagram; C, ventral diagram of the whole body. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testes; u, uterus. Scale bars: figures 3 A and 3 B, 13 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Thysanozoon brocchii (Risso, 1818). Sagittal diagram of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ej, ejaculatory duct; fg, female gonopore; g, gut; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; ovi, oviduct; pv, prostatic vesicle; s, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; u, uterus; v, vagina. Scale bar: 1000 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Thysanozoon brocchii (Risso, 1818). A Sagittal section of male copulatory organ; B, sagittal section of vagina; C, testicular follicles; D, a dorsal body papilla. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ej, ejaculatory duct; g, gut; ma, male atrium; pd, prostatic duct; ps, penis sheath; pv, prostatic vesicle; rh, rhabdites; s, stylet; v, vagina." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/202323/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/202324/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/202325/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Figures 4–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4CEC65428C6CFFF2FF67FD298373FF04" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF67FD29819CFC87" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6CFFFEFF67FD2981B7FCC0" bold="true" box="[151,391,759,784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Examined material.</emphasis>
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Voucher: 8.0 μm sagittally sectioned specimen, mounted on 81 slides. Collected by M.J. Albano,
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<date id="704810098C6CFFFEFF07FCC281B0FCE4" box="[247,384,796,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="2008-05-09">9 May 2008</date>
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, North Breakwater of the Mar del Plata harbour. On a mussel and ascidians community,
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFAA6FCC285ACFCE4" box="[1366,1436,796,820]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
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depth. MACN-In 38206.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35FCBA8125FB84" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6CFFFEFF35FCBA816EFCAC" bold="true" box="[197,350,868,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Large, oval,
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFE03FCBA8273FCAC" box="[499,579,868,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
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long by
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFD57FCBA82C6FCAC" box="[679,758,868,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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wide alive,
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFC70FCBA83E0FCAC" box="[896,976,868,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
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by
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFC0AFCBA847AFCAC" box="[1018,1098,868,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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preserved. Marginal tentacles formed by foldings of the fore margin, conspicuous, oriented dorsally and directed backwards, distally enlarged, with no pigmentation. Ground colour is light brown, delicately translucent in the margins, centrally yellowish brown. Round black spots cover the dorsal surface, especially in a wide marginal area. Dorsal surface covered with big bulky conical dark brown papillae, which are longer and more densely distributed to the sides of the dorsal bulge, but scattered on the bulge itself, and declining in length and number to the margins, leaving the margin free of papillae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35FBBE842CFB34" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">A second area free of papillae extends from the cerebral eyes up to between the tentacle bases (figures 4A–4B). Though the presence of blunt dorsal papillae gives the animal a solid appearance, the body itself is very delicate and frail. The dorsal tentacular eyespots are numerous on the dorsal surface, distributed in a single row; they are scattered ventrally. The cerebral eyespots form two separated triangular clusters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35FB2E8280FAA4" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Pharynx ruffled, 320 µm long. The mouth opens at 7.2 mm from anterior margin, in the middle of the pharynx cavity. The main gut opens in the middle of the pharynx cavity roof and runs distally up to short behind the female system. Intestinal ramifications are conspicuous and numerous, running parallel to the body surface and giving out extensions into every dorsal papilla (figure 6D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35FA5E83E9FA48" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" box="[197,985,1408,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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Ventral sucker at
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<quantity id="C30E9B2C8C6CFFFEFE78FA5E81E6FA48" box="[392,470,1408,1432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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from the fore margin of the body (figure 4C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35FA7A811BF99C" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Dorsal body wall 50 µm high. The ciliated cellular epidermis has rhabdites and granular pigmentation. The cilia are very short, and the rhabdites and pigmentation are abundant and more densely packed on the papillae, but they are scattered on the dorsal epidermis. Beneath the epidermis a frail layer of circular muscle fibres is present, followed by a longitudinal muscle layer. The granular pigmentation is present in the epidermis and the circular muscle layer.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35F986844AF968" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Ventral body wall 70 µm high. The cilia are numerous and longer than those on the dorsal epidermis. Ventral surface with scarce rhabdites and no granular pigmentation. Beneath a well defined basement membrane, a thin layer of circular muscle fibres is underlain by a layer of loose longitudinal muscle fibres.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35F91A8579F8D0" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">The testes are latero-ventrally distributed but especially greatly accumulated in the rear part of the body (figure 4C, 6C), beyond the uteri. The ovaries are dorsal; the uteri are short, filled with small and few mature cells.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFEFF35F8D2827AF8BC" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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The male reproductive system is double. Each male copulatory organ consists of a true seminal vesicle, free prostatic vesicle and penis papilla armed with a stylet (figure 5). The swollen
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6CFFFEFBE9F8EF8495F898" box="[1049,1189,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">vas deferens</emphasis>
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runs ventrally before entering the elongated seminal vesicle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6CFFFDFF35F8A68153FEEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,758,2008]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">The seminal vesicle is curved and dorsal to the male prostatic vesicle and stylet; it has a well-developed muscular wall and its lumen is narrow. The rounded prostatic vesicle has a muscular wall and a very high, smooth glandular inner lining. The ciliated ejaculatory duct describes a tortuous trajectory up to reach the penis papilla, having a well-developed muscular layer. The prostatic duct is short and straight, joining the ejaculatory duct beyond the point where the stylet is attached. The stylet is conical and elongated, 330 µm long and slightly curved. The penis sheath is ciliated, short and narrow (figure 6A). The spacious male atrium is ciliated and directed forwards, opening to a male gonopore located 7.6 mm from the fore end. The second male copulatory organ is similar to the one already described.</paragraph>
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<caption id="508966418C6FFFFDFF67F8DF81D4F885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202323/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[169,1428,381,1768]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6FFFFDFF67F8DF81D4F885" blockId="6.[151,1436,1793,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6FFFFDFF67F8DF8122F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1793,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6FFFFDFEE8F8DC82B8F8C9" authority="Risso, 1818" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[280,648,1794,1817]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6FFFFDFEE8F8DC81C7F8C8" box="[280,503,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
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(Risso, 1818)
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, dorsal view of a living specimen; B, dorsal diagram; C, ventral diagram of the whole body. Abbreviations: fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testes; u, uterus. Scale bars: figures 3A and 3B, 13 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6FFFFCFF35F8A382F4FF27" blockId="6.[151,1436,1917,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">The female reproductive system is single (figure 5). The oviducts enter the vagina separately from the rear end. The canal is proximally swollen, later narrowing and turning ventrally, to finally enlarge distally. The fore and middle tract of the vagina is immersed in an eosinophilic glandular mass (figure 6B). There are no cement glands either distally to the vagina or surrounding the elongated female atrium. Without an apparent cement pouch, the vagina and atrium are completely ciliated, underlain by a frail layer of circular muscle fibres. The female atrium opens to a female gonopore ventrally in the midline of body.</paragraph>
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<caption id="508966418C6EFFFCFF67FBC683B0FBBB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202324/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[155,1434,293,1022]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF67FBC683B0FBBB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1048,1131]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFF67FBC68126FBFE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1048,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFED1FBC682AEFBFF" authority="Risso, 1818" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[289,670,1048,1071]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFED1FBC68234FBFE" box="[289,516,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
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(Risso, 1818)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Sagittal diagram of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ej, ejaculatory duct; fg, female gonopore; g, gut; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; ovi, oviduct; pv, prostatic vesicle; s, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; u, uterus; v, vagina. Scale bar: 1000 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF35FB4C82BAFAC7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1170,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFF35FB4C81D7FB7B" bold="true" box="[197,487,1170,1195]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Taxonomical discussion.</emphasis>
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Species in genus
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<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFD44FB4D8378FB7B" box="[692,840,1171,1195]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFD44FB4D8378FB7B" box="[692,840,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Thysanozoon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are identifiable by their papillated dorsal epidermis, each species showing a definite body shape, a particular distribution of the papillae and a specific colour pattern. The studied specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFE44FB02821CFB23" box="[436,556,1243,1267]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
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<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFE44FB02821CFB23" box="[436,556,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Mar del Plata matched the detailed descriptions of this species made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFF67FADE8112FAC7" author="Lang" box="[151,290,1279,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Lang, A. (1884) Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. Monogr. 11. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Leipzig (Germany): Engelmann, 688 pp." type="book" year="1884">Lang (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFEA8FB2182B7FAC7" author="Stummer-Traunfels" box="[344,647,1279,1303]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1895) Tropische Polycladen. I. Das Genus Thysanozoon Grube. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 60, 689 - 773." type="journal article" year="1895">Stummer-Traunfels (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF35FAFD85B7F9E7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1170,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Under the current frame of morphological identification, the crucial characters that discriminate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFAD1FAFA85ACFAEB" box="[1313,1436,1315,1339]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFAD1FAFA85ACFAEB" box="[1313,1436,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its relatives are the dorsal surface covered with large bulky conical dark brown papillae, with the margin and cerebral areas free of papillae; its ground colour light brown, delicate translucent in the margins, and the internal anatomy being consistent with the descriptions of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFD03FA4E835BFA77" box="[755,875,1423,1447]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFD03FA4E835BFA77" box="[755,875,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens described for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CE176598C6EFFFCFB78FA5184FFFA77" box="[1160,1231,1423,1447]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CE176598C6EFFFCFB2BFA518508FA77" box="[1243,1336,1423,1447]" name="Curaçao" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Patagonia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFF00FA6D81B7FA1B" author="Marcus" box="[240,391,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Turbellaria Brasileiros (7). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 14, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="1949">Marcus 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFE62FA6D81FDFA1B" author="Marcus" box="[402,461,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Marcus, E. (1952) Turbellaria Brasileiros (10). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 17, 5 - 187." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFE29FA6A82D0FA1B" author="Marcus" box="[473,736,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Marcus, E. & Marcus, E. (1968) Polycladida from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 101, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Marcus & Marcus1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFD1BFA6A839FFA1B" author="Brusa" box="[747,943,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Brusa, F., Damborenea, M. C. & Quiroga, S. (2009) First records of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa, 2283, 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Brusa
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFCC3FA6A835CFA1B" box="[819,876,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFC31FA6A8457FA1B" author="Marcus" box="[961,1127,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Turbellaria Brasileiros (7). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 14, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="1949">Marcus (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFB10FA6A856EFA1B" box="[1248,1374,1459,1483]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lagidium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFB10FA6A856EFA1B" box="[1248,1374,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. lagidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CE176598C6EFFFCFED4FA09815CFA3F" box="[292,364,1495,1519]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; later on, after comparing the anatomy with the specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CE176598C6EFFFCFBB4FA098491FA3F" box="[1092,1185,1495,1519]" name="Curaçao" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Europe, he synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFF0CFA22814BF9C3" box="[252,379,1531,1555]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lagidium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFF0CFA22814BF9C3" box="[252,379,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. lagidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFE4AFA228367F9C3" authority="Marcus & Marcus 1968" authorityName="Marcus & Marcus" authorityYear="1968" box="[442,855,1531,1555]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFE4AFA228201F9C3" box="[442,561,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFDB0FA25837FF9C3" author="Marcus" box="[576,847,1531,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Marcus, E. & Marcus, E. (1968) Polycladida from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 101, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Marcus & Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These descriptions were accurate enough for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFAABFA228111F9E7" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Brusa, F., Damborenea, M. C. & Quiroga, S. (2009) First records of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa, 2283, 51 - 59." type="journal article">
|
||
Brusa
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFF67F9FE80FFF9E7" box="[151,207,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to identify the specimen from Patagonia as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFCFDF9FE83B5F9E7" box="[781,901,1567,1591]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFCFDF9FE83B5F9E7" box="[781,901,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the specimen from Mar del Plata as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF35F99D8534F973" blockId="7.[151,1437,1170,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFF35F99D818EF98B" box="[197,446,1603,1627]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFF35F99D818EF98B" box="[197,446,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described inhabiting Indopacific waters, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic coast of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CE176598C6EFFFCFEB8F9B9819BF9AF" box="[328,427,1639,1663]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from the Caribbean to Patagonia. Such a worldwide distribution is curious, especially since water temperature has been considered a limiting factor for the distribution of polyclad species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF35F97184CEF8DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1170,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFF35F9718147F917" author="Prudhoe" box="[197,375,1711,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1985) A monograph on polyclad Turbellaria. British Museum (Natural History), Oxford University Press, 259 pp." type="book" year="1985">Prudhoe (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that the presence of dorsal papillae in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFBC8F97184FAF917" box="[1080,1226,1711,1735]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Acanthozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFBC8F97184FAF917" box="[1080,1226,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Acanthozoon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFAF8F97185ACF917" box="[1288,1436,1711,1735]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFAF8F97185ACF917" box="[1288,1436,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Thysanozoon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be related with their flotation capacity as a mean of dispersion, but from personal observation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFAD2F90A85ACF93B" box="[1314,1436,1747,1771]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFAD2F90A85ACF93B" box="[1314,1436,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a benthonic life habit, crawling over rocks and into cracks between short swimming periods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C6EFFFCFF35F8C5810AF838" blockId="7.[151,1437,1170,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFF35F8C58154F8E3" author="Faubel" box="[197,356,1819,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria; Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 81, 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984">Faubel (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a list of pelagic polyclad species collected during different expeditions to South and Central Atlantic Ocean and Sargasso Sea. The unpapillate polyclads collected by these expeditions, were not in accordance to Prudhoe’s (1985) hypothesis. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60674B388C6EFFFCFCC8F8BA843DF8AB" box="[824,1037,1891,1915]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Brusa, F., Damborenea, M. C. & Quiroga, S. (2009) First records of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa, 2283, 51 - 59." type="journal article">
|
||
Brusa
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFC71F8BA838AF8AB" box="[897,954,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in that the presence of the papillae should be associated with increasing the surface of gas exchange and digestion. The cosmopolitan dispersion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C6EFFFCFA77F85680C3F813" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C6EFFFCFA77F85680C3F813" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over the South American Atlantic coasts could be associated with the Brazilian ocean current, especially at larval stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="508966418C61FFF3FF67F8EB83C9F859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202325/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[157,1429,204,1814]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C61FFF3FF67F8EB83C9F859" blockId="8.[151,1436,1845,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C61FFF3FF67F8EB8123F89B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1845,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C61FFF3FEE9F8E882BBF89C" authority="Risso, 1818" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[281,651,1846,1868]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C61FFF3FEE9F8E881C8F89C" box="[281,504,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
(Risso, 1818)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Sagittal section of male copulatory organ; B, sagittal section of vagina; C, testicular follicles; D, a dorsal body papilla. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; ej, ejaculatory duct; g, gut; ma, male atrium; pd, prostatic duct; ps, penis sheath; pv, prostatic vesicle; rh, rhabdites; s, stylet; v, vagina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="044936C98C61FFF2FF35F8698373FF04" blockId="8.[151,1436,1974,2034]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="38">
|
||
However, because the traditional taxonomy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C61FFF3FD0FF8688386F81E" box="[767,950,1974,1998]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Pseudocerotidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly based on external morphological characters, it does not necessarily reflect their phylogenetic relationships. There is still no molecular evidence to discuss if the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F64D4A8C60FFF2FE03FF47825BFF60" box="[499,619,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3682EADB8C60FFF2FE03FF47825BFF60" box="[499,619,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="39">T. brocchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is genetically identical with the morphologically similar specimens collected from the Indopacific waters and Mediterranean coasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |