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<document id="E5EE605495A9ADE23287582CD430551F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.281178" ID-GBIF-Dataset="04264825-98ff-440c-9f88-373a8b49cdae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="281178" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460483354401" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruengsawang, Nisit, Hanjavanit, Narumon Sangpradub Chutima &amp; Manconi, Renata" docDate="2012" docId="57393413FFE9FFB275E0FD4FE064716C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03320p055.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3320" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corvospongilla siamensis Manconi &amp; Ruengsawang" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="AB004C6BFFEBFFB17577FFE6E40B725B" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity assessment of the Lower Mekong Basin: A new species of Corvospongilla (Porifera: Spongillina: Spongillidae) from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698308187525" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="959E8D3FA622DF8355DBC13CAD1F85B2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D685C0A8F725ECB1953E0BFD0400DBA6">
<mods:title id="BA64FEE082A6660B36B89AE9F6DAAEE4">Biodiversity assessment of the Lower Mekong Basin: A new species of Corvospongilla (Porifera: Spongillina: Spongillidae) from Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C3ABC4BE436C9849EFAD8CDAECC5F99D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6E55D0788D7BF882C2C427E622CB6320">
<mods:roleTerm id="B1F6457C73ED182BB8A5F07C44FEB013">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="959C00E357976DA73BC4C982778A9107">Ruengsawang, Nisit</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A740544C34B23890ECB79E5022D726AB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA0B8533E95BCB1839C883D76CF47929">
<mods:roleTerm id="579F5F1279BA8C28E1CBF24789EA8E5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="021DDEE74A06181DCF64B4FFF3A8C0FC">Hanjavanit, Narumon Sangpradub Chutima</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3DB17EE561CB0040674472A929B178DF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="39C6F16B0F20CB6779063BC2CFB36AF5">
<mods:roleTerm id="9B382A91ABB3044F7FBE61EDE1B115AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3A206FD6D8D754A7C458F6D93B7344BE">Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1F11C5D34301E5DB415DB596E05405B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DCE67BEEE052830DDCBEC5A347AF9C9E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2D75C66AA92E41D3A9B2BB0F717BB6B2">
<mods:title id="68C54F72FCF1C9AC69DF736EADDE4EF7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="079C67D6403EAC3D7233F392D1C17716">
<mods:date id="E38308A7C58CA2C26D4B363609AA7CF0">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4FA226EFBBD5EF533242F00E9B75B3AB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="76F4F328B29E92E00C30A9F3AE9E7D42">3320</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A5D27E343DB983005BD53613A2440FD1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="45C9E5F966678CFD722271658F0ED828">47</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5C389BE2E2D31DBDDFA376C3529C495F">55</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="4D318FE38000B86539FAE567E9315F72">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7D8F0ACFC59C7FDC85EFA0C0E9BD1928" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.281178</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="304DCB0C9E65D99309C87BC1AF71B3BD" type="GBIF-Dataset">04264825-98ff-440c-9f88-373a8b49cdae</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A47D8707BAFFDA2C48E4962C1B868125" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A7A50DD7872DEEC4ED7CE84E0EAC7D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">281178</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="57393413FFE9FFB275E0FD4FE064716C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:57393413FFE9FFB275E0FD4FE064716C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/57393413FFE9FFB275E0FD4FE064716C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="978AD68EFFE9FFB375E0FD4FE51070BF" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE9FFB375E0FD4FE7777098" blockId="2.[151,892,680,740]" box="[151,892,680,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="84673269FFE9FFB375E0FD4FE7777098" bold="true" box="[151,892,680,707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375E0FD4FE7777098" bold="true" box="[151,892,680,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB375E0FD4FE71D7099" authority="Manconi &amp; Ruengsawang" authorityName="Manconi &amp; Ruengsawang" box="[151,790,680,707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375E0FD4FE5C07098" bold="true" box="[151,459,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Corvospongilla siamensis</emphasis>
Manconi &amp; Ruengsawang
</taxonomicName>
nov. sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE9FFB375E0FD2AE51070BF" blockId="2.[151,892,680,740]" box="[151,283,716,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB375E0FD2AE51070BF" box="[151,283,716,740]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="1.[151,249,1492,1515]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,249,1517,1540]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1355,777,1456]" captionTargetBox-1="[321,1265,871,1501]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetBox-3="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[226,1360,772,1467]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[321,1266,871,1501]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Biogeographic pattern of the genus Corvospongilla (modified from Manconi &amp; Pronzato, 2002, 2004). The type locality of Corvospongilla siamensis at Ban Huai Sai (16 ˚ 46 ˏ 20.40 ˝ N, 102 ˚ 42 ˏ 48.22 ˝ E) (Pong River, Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand) is indicated by an arrow." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Corvospongilla siamensis. A, Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). B, Detail of a chimney-like lobe with apical oscule and conulose surface. C, Spicular complement. Strongyle and micropseudobirotule from the skeletal network, and strongyle from the gemmular theca." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/281179/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/281180/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="978AD68EFFE9FFB375E0FCF5E0EA7687" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE9FFB375E0FCF5E5F0712F" blockId="2.[151,1437,787,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375E0FCF5E50D7177" bold="true" box="[151,262,787,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37465FCF2E5717177" box="[274,378,788,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB374F1FCF2E5DC7177" box="[390,471,788,812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MSNG</collectionCode>
56533, Ban Huai Sai (16˚46ˏ20.40˝N, 102˚42ˏ48.22˝E)
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37106FCF3E0AA7176" box="[1137,1185,789,813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
locality, Pong River, Lower Mekong Basin,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB374ECFCD1E60A7114" box="[411,513,823,847]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, leg. Nisit Ruengsawang,
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB3765FFCD1E7947114" box="[808,927,823,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2008-02-12">12.II.2008</date>
.
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB376DCFCDEE006710B" box="[939,1037,824,848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37163FCD1E06E7114" box="[1044,1125,823,847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MSNG</collectionCode>
56533a, Ban Huai Sai, leg. Nisit Ruengsawang,
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB37408FCBAE5FC712F" box="[383,503,860,884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2008-02-12">12.II.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE9FFB375B0FC99E0EA7687" blockId="2.[151,1437,787,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375B0FC99E5EE71C3" bold="true" box="[199,485,895,920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Comparative materials.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37498FC66E72371C3" box="[495,808,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37498FC66E72F71C3" box="[495,804,896,920]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="burmanica">Corvospongilla burmanica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37644FC67E78C71C3" box="[819,903,897,920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
82.3.22.1–3, box 6, dry,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB371C7FC67E0E871C2" box="[1200,1251,897,921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37186FC99E13671CC" box="[1265,1341,895,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW420 schizotype,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB37456FC43E57A71E7" box="[289,369,933,956]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Burma</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB374F6FC43E62B71E7" box="[385,544,932,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB374F6FC43E62B71E7" box="[385,544,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?),
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3772AFC43E6BA71E7" box="[605,689,933,956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
86.10.29.1,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37630FC42E79871E7" box="[839,915,932,956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW 636, River Kuano,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB371B2FC42E10971E7" box="[1221,1282,932,956]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37065FC43E19F71E7" box="[1298,1428,933,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caunteri">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37065FC43E19F71E7" box="[1298,1428,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. caunteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB375E0FC2FE4E071BB" box="[151,235,969,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
14.11.24.27 ex-ZEV 4776/7,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37748FC2FE6A971BA" box="[575,674,969,993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB377D9FC21E6F17184" box="[686,762,967,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW637, schizotype, Lucknow,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB3711AFC21E0A17184" box="[1133,1194,967,991]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB371C1FC2EE13371BB" box="[1206,1336,968,992]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lapidosa">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB371C1FC2EE13371BB" box="[1206,1336,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. lapidosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3703FFC2FE19771BB" box="[1352,1436,969,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
0 8.2.11.1,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB3747AFC0BE57B765E" box="[269,368,1005,1029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3740DFC0AE5CD765F" box="[378,454,1004,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW638, schizotype, River Godavery Nasik,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB376C9FC0AE7F0765F" box="[958,1019,1004,1028]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37172FC0AE119765F" box="[1029,1298,1004,1028]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37172FC0AE119765F" box="[1029,1298,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Corvospongilla loricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37056FC0BE156765F" box="[1313,1373,1005,1028]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">ZMB</collectionCode>
2093 SE325-SE37–41,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37417FBF7E5987672" box="[352,403,1041,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
, fragment
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3777AFBE9E652767C" box="[525,601,1039,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW511 locality unknown, Africa;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37690FBF6E0A07673" box="[999,1195,1040,1064]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37690FBF6E0A07673" box="[999,1195,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. mesopotamica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB371C4FBE9E10F767C" box="[1203,1284,1039,1063]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MSNG</collectionCode>
51766,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37016FBE9E4DE7616" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37594FBD2E5247617" box="[227,303,1076,1100]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW574, schizotype, River Diyala,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB377BDFBD3E6F07617" box="[714,763,1077,1100]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Iraq</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB3767EFBD3E76A7617" box="[777,865,1076,1100]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thysi">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB3767EFBD3E76A7617" box="[777,865,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. thysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37604FBD2E7CE7617" box="[883,965,1076,1100]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MRAC</collectionCode>
1311,
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37160FBD3E0417616" box="[1047,1098,1077,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3712FFBD2E0AF7617" box="[1112,1188,1076,1100]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW472, schizotype, Lake Barombi-ma-Mbu,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB374C2FBBEE627762B" box="[437,556,1112,1136]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Cameroun</collectingCountry>
, W-Africa;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB377C1FBBEE72A762B" box="[694,801,1112,1136]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ultima">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB377C1FBBEE72A762B" box="[694,801,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. ultima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37645FBBFE78D762B" box="[818,902,1113,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
14.11.24.29 ex-ZEV 4906/7,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37196FBBEE126762B" box="[1249,1325,1112,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW639, fragment,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB3747EFB9AE54D76CF" box="[265,326,1148,1172]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37420FB9BE5B476CF" box="[343,447,1148,1172]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ultima">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37420FB9BE5B476CF" box="[343,447,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. ultima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB374B2FB9BE64176CF" box="[453,586,1149,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="variety" variety="spinosa">
var.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37482FB9BE64176CF" box="[501,586,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3772FFB9BE6A776CF" box="[600,684,1149,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
14.11.24.30 ex-ZEV 5106/7,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3768EFB9AE04E76CF" box="[1017,1093,1148,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW640, Satara District,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB3702DFB9AE19C76CF" box="[1370,1431,1148,1172]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB375E0FB46E51576E3" box="[151,286,1184,1208]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="volkmeri">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375E0FB46E51576E3" box="[151,286,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">C. volkmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37447FB47E58F76E3" box="[304,388,1185,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
89.9.25.10, schizoparatype, ex-MCN 86,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37618FB46E7B076E3" box="[879,955,1184,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW642, Lagoa Redonda, Sousa, Paraíba State,
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE9FFB375ABFB22E52F7687" box="[220,292,1220,1244]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37458FB23E5D07687" box="[303,475,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="1890FE86FFE9FFB37458FB23E5DC7687" box="[303,471,1220,1244]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zambesiana">C. zambesiana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB37495FB23E63D7687" box="[482,566,1221,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
1906.2.28.2, 13
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3779DFB22E7167687" box="[746,797,1220,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">IIIC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="B9811DC0FFE9FFB3765EFB22E77E7687" box="[809,885,1220,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">DTRG</collectionCode>
FW623 R. Zambezi, SE-Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="978AD68EFFE9FFB275BEFB01E6BB70FC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE9FFB275BEFB01E6BB70FC" blockId="2.[151,1437,787,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375BEFB01E550775B" bold="true" box="[201,347,1255,1280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE9FFB37415FB0EE5C1775B" box="[354,458,1256,1280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
massive
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB37744FB0EE683775B" box="[563,648,1256,1280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2011-10-14">
14 x
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB3771AFB0EE683775B" box="[621,648,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="11.0">11</quantity>
</date>
cm in diameter,
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB37631FB0EE7A5775B" box="[838,942,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–5 cm</quantity>
in height with lobes up to
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB371AAFB0EE13A775B" box="[1245,1329,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
in height (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB375E8FAEAE4E8777F" box="[159,227,1292,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,871,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[321,1266,871,1501]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Corvospongilla siamensis. A, Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). B, Detail of a chimney-like lobe with apical oscule and conulose surface. C, Spicular complement. Strongyle and micropseudobirotule from the skeletal network, and strongyle from the gemmular theca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281180/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37479FAEDE5A5777F" bold="true" box="[270,430,1291,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Growth form</emphasis>
from thin crusts to massive in flourishing specimens with body size dimensions up to
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB370F7FAEAE4B27713" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
in diameter.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB3743CFAC9E5947713" bold="true" box="[331,415,1327,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Colour</emphasis>
light brown, greenish to emerald green
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37629FAD7E7A17713" box="[862,938,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">in vivo</emphasis>
in the same specimen, light brown to brown in ethanol.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37462FAB5E5AF7737" bold="true" box="[277,420,1363,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Consistency</emphasis>
rigid, hard with increasing hardness from surface to the basal portion, fragile
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB3706FFAB3E16F7737" box="[1304,1380,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">in vivo</emphasis>
, due to the low amount of spongin in the skeleton. Basal spongin plate notably developed, with sessile gemmules.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB3701FFA91E4CC77EF" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Surface</emphasis>
notably irregular and hispid, conulose, with conules supported by short ascending pauci- to multi-spicular tracts.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37596FA59E5497783" bold="true" box="[225,322,1471,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Conules</emphasis>
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB3743FFA26E5B17783" box="[328,442,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 mm</quantity>
in height,
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB37747FA26E6A97783" box="[560,674,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
apart.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37799FA59E7417783" bold="true" box="[750,842,1471,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Oscules</emphasis>
chimney-shaped (
<quantity id="186828E0FFE9FFB37161FA26E09F7783" box="[1046,1172,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter) apical and usually single at the tips of lobes (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37761FA02E65177A7" box="[534,602,1508,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,871,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[321,1266,871,1501]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Corvospongilla siamensis. A, Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). B, Detail of a chimney-like lobe with apical oscule and conulose surface. C, Spicular complement. Strongyle and micropseudobirotule from the skeletal network, and strongyle from the gemmular theca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281180/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB377F5FA02E76377A7" bold="true" box="[642,872,1508,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
with no special architecture (triangular to polygonal paucispicular meshes) except for ascending pauci- to multi-spicular tracts supporting conules (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37186F9EEE13F747B" box="[1265,1332,1544,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37016F9E1E573741F" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Choanosomal skeleton</emphasis>
as an alveolar (isotropic) network of megascleres with paucispicular (up to 6 spicules) polygonal meshes (89–213 µm in diameter), and ascending pauci- to multi-spicular tracts supporting conules (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37018F9B6E4AE74D7" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375B9F992E56B74D7" bold="true" box="[206,352,1652,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Megascleres</emphasis>
strongyles (126–245
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB37726F993E6A774D7" box="[593,684,1652,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1913-10-26">x 13–26</date>
µm) frequently with slightly inflated tips, extremely abundant with scattered small tubercles (granules) except for tips or with shaft entirely covered of tubercles up to the tips (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB3701DF97EE4AD748F" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,871,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[321,1266,871,1501]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Corvospongilla siamensis. A, Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). B, Detail of a chimney-like lobe with apical oscule and conulose surface. C, Spicular complement. Strongyle and micropseudobirotule from the skeletal network, and strongyle from the gemmular theca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281180/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs 2</figureCitation>
C, 3C, D). Less frequent acanthostrongyles with few spines scattered up to the tips, among the small tubercles. Density of tubercles and spines notably variable. Rare smooth strongyles also present. Strongyles sometime xshaped or with tips slightly inflated or rarely with swellings along the shaft as malformations. Rare stout, smooth oxeas (160–171
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB37424F8CFE5AA751B" box="[339,417,1832,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1914-10-09">x 9–14</date>
µm, n = 4) with tips abruptly pointed also present (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37684F8CEE03C751B" box="[1011,1079,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB37115F8C1E0F2751B" bold="true" box="[1122,1273,1831,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Microscleres</emphasis>
micropseudobirotules quite abundant, scattered in the choanosomal skeleton, typical of the genus, with smooth, variably bent shaft (
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE9FFB37597F896E53475D3" box="[224,319,1904,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1951-10-19">19–51 x</date>
2–2.5 µm) bearing distal smooth pseudorotules (9–19 µm in diameter) with variably long, bent hooks (4–6) (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37458F872E57975F7" box="[303,370,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB374D3F875E62875F7" bold="true" box="[420,547,1939,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Gemmules</emphasis>
exclusively sessile, not abundant at the sponge basal portion, strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate singly or in small groups (2–5) sharing gemmular cages with fused walls (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE9FFB37045F85EE173758B" box="[1330,1400,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE9FFB375E0F83DE55675AF" bold="true" box="[151,349,2011,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Gemmular cage</emphasis>
hemispherical (865–1160 µm in diameter) with thick wall (107–113 µm in thickness) of extremely scanty compact spongin in small laminae joining abundant strongyles arranged in a notably dense mosaic-like multilayer. Strongyles of the cage belong to different categories, from stout, large, granulate (tubercled) strongyles (107–190
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE8FFB274A3FF06E63E72AC" box="[468,565,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1915-10-27">x 15–27</date>
µm, n = 25) very similar to skeletal megascleres, to bent and tubercled strongyles (
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE8FFB2746FFEE2E57F7347" box="[280,372,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1949-10-27">27–49 x</date>
7–14 µm, n = 15), to bent acanthostrongyles (
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE8FFB27603FEE2E7DB7347" box="[884,976,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1949-10-29">29–49 x</date>
6–9 µm, n = 5) up to boomerang-shaped, or ring-like (17 µm in diameter, n = 2) and flat button-like (16–27 µm in diameter, n = 4), armed by acute spines sometimes grouped (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB274F7FEAAE5CE733F" box="[384,453,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB2749BFEADE6BD733F" bold="true" box="[492,694,331,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Gemmular theca</emphasis>
enveloped by the cage but not joined to it (cage and theca are easily detachable from each other), subspherical (589 x 650 µm in diameter) to suboval (424 x 814 µm in diameter) (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB275E8FE72E4EF73F7" box="[159,228,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C, D) of almost compact spongin with sublayers (up to 5) supported by small gemmuloscleres tangentially embedded (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB2746CFE51E56B7394" box="[283,352,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E, G, H). Pneumatic layer absent; only rare, small areas of spongin chambers are present, scattered within the sublayers of laminar spongin. Foramen single, apical or lateral with a short simple collar surrounded by slightly chambered spongin (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB27713FE19E6A2704C" box="[612,681,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,433,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,433,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of gemmules. A, Gemmules of the sessile morph in a cluster sharing the gemmular cage strictly adhering to the basal spongin plate. Each hemispherical cage envelopes one gemmular theca; B, Strongyles variably shaped at the outer surface of the gemmular cage, typical button-like gemmuloscleres are indicated by arrows; C, D, Gemmular theca variably shaped, bearing tangentially gemmuloscleres embedded in compact spongin; E, Gemmular theca surrounded by the not adhering stout spicular cage (cross section); F, Foramen with compact and chambered spongin armed by a few gemmuloscleres; G, Gemmular theca (cross section) of sublayered compact spongin protecting the mass of totipotent cells; H, Detail of the gemmular theca (cross section) of compact sublayered spongin armed by gemmuloscleres as tangential strongyles with spiny tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F).
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB277B8FE19E79F7043" bold="true" box="[719,916,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Gemmuloscleres</emphasis>
short acanthostrongyles (32–
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE8FFB27197FE19E0F7704C" box="[1248,1276,511,535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1950-10-07" valueMax="1950-10-14" valueMin="1950-10-07">50</date>
x 7–14 µm, n = 25) from straight to boomerang-shaped, ring-shaped to flat (button-like) with ornamentations ranging from tubercles scattered along the shaft to large acute spines mostly at the tips (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB276E2FDA1E7DC7004" box="[917,983,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1336]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corvospongilla siamensis. Holotype MSNG 56533 from the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand). Micrographs (SEM) of the spicular complement. A, Skeletal alveolate network with ascending plurispicular tracts (arrows) to support conules at the surface (lateral view); B, Detail of alveolate skeleton of strongyles and micropseudobirotules (inset); C, Skeletal megascleres, as strongyle with microspined surface (inset, right), and tips of the rare tubercled oxeas (inset, left); D, Apices variably shaped of strongyles and a microsclere; E, micropseudobirotules entirely smooth with pseudobirotules armoured by recurved hooks; F, strongyles, with tubercles and spines, shared by gemmular theca and gemmular cage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F); also smooth spherules rarely present.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB275E0FD8AE55B70DF" bold="true" box="[151,336,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Brooded larvae</emphasis>
present.
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB274CFFD8AE6A870DF" bold="true" box="[440,675,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Larval acanthoxeas</emphasis>
(128–139
<date id="AB2EA3C5FFE8FFB27669FD8BE74970DF" box="[798,834,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">x 5</date>
µm, n = 3) fusiform, slender, straight, with scattered small, acute spines more dense towards the tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="978AD68EFFE8FFB275BEFD52E064716C" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE8FFB275BEFD52E1577097" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[201,1372,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB275BEFD52E5447097" bold="true" box="[201,335,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is derived from the ancient name of
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE8FFB276B8FD52E03E7097" box="[975,1077,692,716]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, formerly known as
<collectingCountry id="A787C595FFE8FFB2706CFD52E1537097" box="[1307,1368,692,716]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Siam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE8FFB275BEFD31E09670B4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[201,1181,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB275BEFD31E5FA70AB" bold="true" box="[201,497,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Known until now exclusively from the
<typeStatus id="002B3BA7FFE8FFB276D8FD3EE7D470AB" box="[943,991,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="47AB9980FFE8FFB2713DFD31E08070B4" box="[1098,1163,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,249,1492,1515]" captionTargetBox="[226,1355,777,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[226,1360,772,1467]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Biogeographic pattern of the genus Corvospongilla (modified from Manconi &amp; Pronzato, 2002, 2004). The type locality of Corvospongilla siamensis at Ban Huai Sai (16 ˚ 46 ˏ 20.40 ˝ N, 102 ˚ 42 ˏ 48.22 ˝ E) (Pong River, Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand) is indicated by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF2F8505FFE8FFB275BEFD1DE064716C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="EDE45917FFE8FFB275BEFD1DE527714F" bold="true" box="[201,300,763,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sponges in dense populations along the river bank at 0.5–2.0 m of depth in quite transparent waters, generally in shaded areas. Associated organisms: diatoms, insects, molluscs, bryozoans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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